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There have been important controversies also related to the austerity programs that the IMF supports as a condition of giving financial loans. Joseph Stiglitz was an important opponent of such programs, underlying that increasing taxes in a weak economy destabilizes the economy even further and that this was a Monetarist approach aimed at supporting Western interests rather than those of the developing countries. To some degree, this is true and some of the failures of the IMF, including the Argentinean crisis are good arguments in this sense.
Argentina has been cited as one of the failures of the IMF, mainly because the budgetary restrictions that were imposed under the IMF programs did not allow the government to develop its own projects and affected economic growth. Countries like the Philippines have argued that the IMF program has helped their economy significantly, while Turkey's rebound at the beginning of 2000s is also a good example of a potential IMF success.
Bibliography
1. Hanlon, Joseph. November 1998. Dictators and Debt. On the Internet at http://www.jubileeresearch.org/analysis/reports/dictatorsreport.htm.Last...
Budhoo, Davidson. 1990. Enough is Enough: Dear Mr. Camdessus... Open Letter to the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund. New York: New Horizons Press.
3. Stiglitz, Joseph. 2002. Globalization and its Discontents. New York: WW Norton & Company
4. Ramos, Fidel. An IMF Success Story. On the Internet at http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Pool/1644/ramos2.html.Last retrieved on October 30, 2008
Hanlon, Joseph. November 1998. Dictators and Debt. On the Internet at http://www.jubileeresearch.org/analysis/reports/dictatorsreport.htm.Last retrieved on October 30, 2008
Budhoo, Davidson. 1990. Enough is Enough: Dear Mr. Camdessus... Open Letter to the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund. New York: New Horizons Press.
Stiglitz, Joseph. 2002. Globalization and its Discontents. New York: WW Norton & Company
Ramos, Fidel. An IMF Success Story. On the Internet at http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Pool/1644/ramos2.html.Last retrieved on October 30, 2008
Bibliography
1. Hanlon, Joseph. November 1998. Dictators and Debt. On the Internet at http://www.jubileeresearch.org/analysis/reports/dictatorsreport.htm.Last retrieved on October 30, 2008
2. Budhoo, Davidson. 1990. Enough is Enough: Dear Mr. Camdessus... Open Letter to the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund. New York: New Horizons Press.
3. Stiglitz, Joseph. 2002. Globalization and its Discontents. New York: WW Norton & Company
4. Ramos, Fidel. An IMF Success Story. On the Internet at http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Pool/1644/ramos2.html.Last retrieved on October 30, 2008
Hanlon, Joseph. November 1998. Dictators and Debt. On the Internet at http://www.jubileeresearch.org/analysis/reports/dictatorsreport.htm.Last retrieved on October 30, 2008
Ramos, Fidel. An IMF Success Story. On the Internet at http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Pool/1644/ramos2.html.Last retrieved on October 30, 2008
However, although the institutionalist perspective may marginally be the more persuasive, it too has a flaw in the sense that it does not allow for sufficient diversity of interests that may transcend borders and impede international cooperation -- a Jewish supporter of Israel in the U.S. may not support his or her nation's attempt to facilitate economic and political cooperation with Saudi Arabia, and an unemployed American factory worker
Nonetheless these actions and missions had to have the agreement of the national states. Therefore, the strategy implied a complex relation between the transnational and the national levels. At the same time however, the health problems that could have arisen in the area demanded cooperation between the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization. Therefore it is obvious that such situations as a national disaster or a war
The IMF currency reserve units are called Special Drawing Rights (SDRs); from 1974 to 1980 the value of SDRs was based on the currencies of 16 leading trading nations. Since 1980 it has been reevaluated every five years and based on the relative international economic importance of the British pound sterling, the European Union euro (formerly the French franc and German mark), the Japanese yen, and the U.S. Dollar."
The focus of the U.N. later this year in their global summit in Copenhagen will focus on the role of women in emerging economies and the contribution their businesses make. To illustrate how strongly the UN sees their mission about helping underprivileged nations, UN undersecretary -general for humanitarian affairs, Jan Egeland called developed nations "stingy" when it came to their contributions to 3rd world nations' welfare (Sharma, 2005). The
3) The most major problems currently facing the World Trade Organization come from within. Its image among many poorer nations and certain groups of first world citizens is not the creation of misconceptions, but a reaction to real world consequences of the policies and attitudes that govern the Organization's actions. The World Trade Organization needs to begin operating with more transparency and in tandem with governments, rather than undermining fledgling democracies
The same thing goes for the IMF. Question 22: What are some of the most important examples of types of transnational crime and organized groups that commit these crimes? How have the United States and other countries tried to combat transnational crime, and with what results? Why is transnational crime so difficult to eradicate? (Reference: ). International relations and world politics: Security, economy, identity). Some of the most important examples of