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They may militarily dominate the culture, but they do not speak the language of the culture's beliefs. Adele assumes that Aziz desires her because she desires him and because 'Orientals' are highly sexualized, even though Aziz actually pities her before the events of the cave, noting "she has practically no breasts" (Forster 130).
The narrow view of Shakespeare's famous play of colonization is explicitly questioned in Elizabeth Nunez's novel Prospero's Daughter. There, the mad scientist
Dr. Gardner takes over the native orphan boy Carlos' land and falsely accuses him, as the boy comes of age and can lay claim to his property, of raping Gardner's daughter Virginia. Gardener uses this as justification for his taking possession of everything Carlos owns. He even uproots the life-giving native fruit trees crops because they take away from the beauty of his transplanted soil and grass. Eventually, the Carlos and Virginia fall in love, overcoming the boundaries of nationality and the 'us vs. them' discourse to establish a loving relationship.
As anti-colonialist as Nunez may be, her celebration of the romance between Carlos and Virginia shows that post-colonial discourse need not be racaialized or fueled by hatred. True, it may seem, upon the surface, that there is a simple and easy answer to the misunderstandings between colonized and colonizers -- eliminate the forces of the colonized. Of course, India strove to do this in history. But the novel Train to Pakistan shows that there are still tremendous divides between Hindus and Muslims, and also between the different classes of the land. One villager of Mano Majra, a town that lies on the border of the partition of Pakistan and India says that: "We were...
The novel, like Passage to India, suggests that a human connection, based upon honesty and toleration of one another's differences is the key to peace, not strident nationalism that attempts to eradicate the ideology of the English. By creating a uniform Indian or Pakistani identity, the native populace is likely to become polarized within itself, even if before the English came to their land they dwelled amongst one another as "brothers" (Singh 126). "There is no peace anywhere. One trouble after another" (Singh 96).
However peace is possible where there is understanding as is seen in the relationship between Mrs. Moore and Dr. Aziz "She had proved her sympathy by criticizing her fellow countrywoman but even earlier he had known. The flame that not even beauty can nourish was springing up... [Aziz said] 'You understand me, you know what others feel. Oh, if others resembled you!'... [She replied] 'I only know whether I like or dislike [people]'. 'Then you are an Oriental.' (Forster 21). Even if Aziz's own projection of himself onto Mrs. Moore is problematic and foreshadows Adele's projection, at least it contains some sense of tolerance and fellow feeling that Forster believes is life-giving, even in the wake of colonialism.
Works Cited
Forster, E.M. A Passage to India. Harvest Books, 1965.
Nunez, Elizabeth. Prospero's Daughter. Ballantine, 2006.
Singh, Khushwant. Train to Pakistan. Grove Press, 1994.
Shakespeare, William. "The Tempest." Shakespeare Homepage. May 16, 2008. http://shakespeare.mit.edu/tempest/index.html
Works Cited
Forster, E.M. A Passage to India. Harvest Books, 1965.
Nunez, Elizabeth. Prospero's Daughter. Ballantine, 2006.
Singh, Khushwant. Train to Pakistan. Grove Press, 1994.
Shakespeare, William. "The Tempest." Shakespeare Homepage. May 16, 2008. http://shakespeare.mit.edu/tempest/index.html
Colonialism & Resistance There is a scene in the documentary film Jane Goodall's Path in which an elder living on Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota is interviewed. Looking directly at the camera, the elder tells how he lost his sixteen-year-old son to suicide. His bewilderment apparent, he tells how many other young people living in Pine Ridge have killed themselves, too. He reveals that the rate of alcoholism is 90%.
Moreover, some, like the former Italian Somaliland, are written off as failed states where terrorism flourishes (Johnson pp). Uganda and Kenya, that were once considered paradises are now increasingly poor and dangerous (Johnson pp). Black majority rule has failed virtually everywhere, and rapid population growth, indebtedness, and diseases such as AIDS, have brought additional misery, however, the main failure has been political (Johnson pp). Many of these countries, such as
Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness, Things Fall Apart, And Apocalypse Now The shadow of colonization: Projecting European anxieties onto nonwhite peoples The Jungian concept of 'the shadow' is not that 'the shadow' is inherently dark or evil: rather, it is a hidden part of an individual or collective subconscious that is a repository of all of the aspects of society wishes to hide. The shadow' may contain elements of forbidden
During the civil war, this was a continuation of this pattern as the various Angolan militias would fight with each other; for control of select mineral rich areas. At the same time, they would fight foreign-based forces such as: the communists and anti-communists. In this case, the various communist / anti-communist forces were replacing the Portuguese. While the different militias, would be a continuation of the hostilities that would
(p.135). Finally, the author ends the chapter with a discussion of whether colonialism helped or hurt Africa. The author makes a very valiant and effective attempt to remain neutral and to present the information in an unbiased manner. However, the author makes several assumptions about the material presented. First, the author makes the assumption that the Europeans were exploitative when the colonized Africa. While acknowledging that Europeans may have legitimately
He notes that "anticolonialist critics have sought to "demystify the national myths" of empire and to write an alternative history of the colonial encounter" by focusing on "the politics of the early modern English-Native American encounter" with an eye towards "moments of textual rupture and contradiction in early modern texts such as The Tempest" (Cefalu 85). One may identify the scene of Prospero's accusation as one such moment, and