Literature review: introduction and methodology

Research Article Chart

Criteria and Defining Characteristics

Article 1:

Islam, N. S., Kwon, S. C., Wyatt, L. C., Ruddock, C., Horowitz, C. R., Devia, C., & Trinh-Shevrin, C. (2015). Disparities in Diabetes Management in Asian Americans in New York City Compared with Other Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups. American Journal of Public Health, 105S443-S446.

doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302523

Article 2:

Islam, N., Zanowiak, J., Wyatt, L., Chun, K., Lee, L., Kwon, S., & Trinh-Shevrin, C. (2013). A Randomized-Controlled, Pilot Intervention on Diabetes Prevention and Healthy Lifestyles in the New York City Korean Community. Journal of Community Health, 38(6), 1030-1041. doi:10.1007/s10900-013-9711-z

Article 3:

Stewart, S. S., Dang, J., & Chen, M. (2016). Diabetes Prevalence and Risk Factors in Four Asian American Communities. Journal of Community Health, 41(6), 1264-1273.

Abstract

After reading the abstract what do you expect to learn from the article?

The differences in how adults of Asian descent manage their diabetes in comparison with other ethnic groups and what this means for clinicians.

What are the best ways for diabetes to be prevented in the New York City Korean health community, given the data already gathered about this community.

What are the major risk factors for getting diabetes

in four major Asian communities and

what does this indicate about lifestyle and prevention?

Introduction: Summarize the following in paragraph form.

· What is the purpose of the study?

· What is the scope of the study?

· What is the rational for the study?

· What is the hypothesis or research question?

· What key concepts and terms are noted?

· Is a review of the literature provided?

The purpose of the study is to determine if there are any advantages or disadvantages in the ways that Asian Americans manage their diabetes in comparison with other ethnic groups. This study can help determine if there’s anything to be learned from this group or if there’s anything that they need to improve upon. The scope of the study was targeted to sampling all racial/ethnic minorities on the diabetes management behavior. The rationale was to ideally find ways that individuals could improve on their diabetes management and essentially save money for the healthcare industry while reducing mortalities. The research question sought to compare how diabetes management practices for Asian Americans compared to other ethnic or racial groups. Management is one of the major concepts defined. There is not a literature review provided.

The purpose of the study is to determine why Asian Americans get diabetes more than non-Hispanic whites and if there’s anything that can be done within lifestyle changes or the greater medical community to thwart this. The scope of the study revolves around the feasibility of a

pilot Community Health Worker (CHW) intervention to make the health related actions better of Korean Americans through the means of a randomized and controlled trial. The main concepts examined in this study were

things like clinical measurements, BMI, health behaviors, self-efficacy, and health access.

A review of literature is not provided.

The purpose of the study is to determine the rate of

Diabetes along with pre-diabetes conditions, and the

Vulnerability to getting diabetes for individuals who

Have BMI indexes higher than 23, in four distinct Asian-

American collectives. The more that clinicians

understand such risk factors the more this condition

will be preventable. It’s also beneficial for the overall

science and healthcare community to understand factors

unique to Asian American communities that have an

influence or risk factor towards diabetes.

The concepts used are things like BMI, along with

hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), pre-diabetes, and waist

circumference.

A review of literature is not provided.

Methods: Summarize the following in paragraph form.

· What is the population being sampled?

· What data collection procedure is presented?

· What other procedures are described?

The population being sampled are all racial and ethnic minority subgroups that reside in New York City between 2009 and 2012 using Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) US Risk Factor Survey Data collected. This gathered over 4400 Hispanic Asian Americans, just under 5000 Hispanics, and just under 3000 non-Hispanic blacks. According to the Islam and colleagues, they harnessed a logistic regression for dichotomous eye exams and linear regression for continuous variable to scrutinize racial distinctions.

 

Between 2011 and 2012, a complete sum of 48 Korean Americans vulnerable to diabetes residing in New York City (NYC) participated in the research study.

Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used. Participants finished a baseline survey at the three and six month marks. Main outcomes were measured at the baseline, such as the hip-to-waist ratio minimization.

CHWs finished precise logs during phone calls, recording obstacles to healthcare access and in maintaining healthy behaviors. Qualitative interviews were also engaged in after the intervention was complete.

Researchers gathered a sample of just under one thousand

Chinese, Hmong, Korean, and Vietnamese Americans

who all reside in northern California’s Sacramento County.

Their statistics were all collected, measuring their

hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), height, weight, and waist

size. Whether or not a participant had diabetes

depended on their self-diagnosis or a hemoglobin level

higher than HbA1c ? 6.5%. In this manner, pre-diabetes

was defined as HbAlc 5.7%-6.4%. The researchers

calculated the age-standardized rate of diabetes, pre-diabetes,

BMI and waist circumference higher than standard and

Asian cut-points created multivariable models of the

Connection between diabetes with BMI and waist

Size.

Results: Summarize the following in paragraph form.

· What are the given findings?

· How was data collected?

· Are the findings supported by graphs and charts?

· What does the analysis of data state?

Rates of diabetes prevalence varied distinctively by racial and ethnic groups and there were distinctions within Asian American subgroups. According to Islam and associates, the greatest “..age-adjusted prevalence was seen among Asian Indians (19.0%), Hispanics (16.5%), and Blacks (14.3%), followed by Koreans (10.8%) and Chinese (9.3%).

It is also important to note that differences within sociodemographic traits were noticed across groups for all variables. For instance Asian Indians most likely had college degrees and Koreans were least likely to speak English. The findings are supported by graphs and charts.

The group had an average age of just under 60 and was mostly female; most were unemployed such as retired or married and a homemaker. Seventy-two percent of the sample had a weight issue that was contributing to their diabetes and just over half of the sample had symptoms that indicated they were pre-hypertensive. The qualitative data emphasized the importance of being a Korean speaker in order to properly communicate with the participants. Essentially the data pointed to high amounts of acceptability and efficacy of the intervention and those who participated gave it much positive feedback. There were a few feasibility barriers but nothing that couldn’t be properly tackled with careful planning.

The four ethnic groups that were the main participants

of this study showed significant distinctions in regards

to their

diabetes prevalence, BMI, and stomach size.

Hmong had the greatest rate of diabetes (15.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 10.7%-19.4%).

Diabetes and pre-diabetes were most strongly connected

To a BMI greater than 25.

When waist circumference was significantly added to

calculations, BMI impact weakened. Also it’s

important to note that when gender and ethnicity were

taken into account with BMI and waist circumference,

they were not statistically important.