Literature Review Essays (Examples)

Nursing Literature Review Nursing Mccarthy A Shaban

Nursing

Literature Review (Nursing)

McCArthy, A., Shaban, R., oys, J., & Winch, S. (2010). Compliance, normality, and the patient on peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 37(3), 243-251.

Key Words, data bases, limitations: compliance, gerontology, medication compliance

Alexandra McCarthy, Ramon Shaban, Jennifer oys & Sarah Winch

"Compliance, normality, and the patient on peritoneal dialysis."

Journal: Nephrology Nursing Journal

Volume: Issues: Pages: 2010: 37: 3: 243-251.

Qualitative

Location/Setting: Case study completed within the ambulatory dialysis of a large metropolitan hospital in Australia.

Independent Variable: PD compliance

Dependent variables: influence on compliance (professional advice regarding PD)

Controlled Variable: none noted

Framework Theory:

The case study utilizes empirical inquiry to investigate contemporary phenomenon within real life context. Phenomenology can be a component of case study theoretical analysis.

Study Design:

Case Study

Sample:

Sample Size: 5 patients identified by renal nursing staff within the clinic were asked to identify patients they considered to be compliant…… [Read More]

Business Creativity and Literature Review

What is the issue or problem that your research will investigate?

The issue that our research will investigate is how the thoughts and ideas of an individual will have an impact on their levels of achievement. This will allow us to determine the impact that formal education will have on success. At the same time, we can see how: common sense, ability to work well with people and other attributes will decide the kind of future for these individuals. The reason why we are examining this problem, is because there have been many instances where formal education was not a factor in determining how successful someone will be over the long-term.

Why is the study you are proposing important or worthy of research and what contributions will it make to what's already know, if anything, about the subject matter?

This study is important, because it will help us to see…… [Read More]

Education Management A Literature Review

Studies also suggest that Saudi women employed fail to make real contributions when they are at work, and that "real jobs" are often filled by more qualified foreigners capable of providing real economic function to the economy and the employer (Pharaon, 2004). There is also too little emphasis by government agents to address these problems and work at training or tailoring education to meet the needs of society at large and women in the education system within Saudi Arabia (Pharaon, 2004; Kassman, 2004).

Many predict greater access to quality education for women will have an "immediate, tremendous impact on women's perceptions of themselves" which will help translate their post academic social mobility efforts and result in greater contribution to the society and economy in which they live (Pharaon, 2004: 349). It is important then that the government touch not only on education management, but also perhaps the self-perception of women…… [Read More]

Congestion in Seaports Literature Review Overview- Globalization

Congestion in Seaports, Literature eview

Overview- Globalization and modern technology over the past 20-30 years has increasingly caused complexity and overcrowding with the world's seaports. In fact, in 2008, the IAPH World Port Conference was so alarmed by trends in the industry that it outlined what it say to be three critical issues and challenges facing global seaports:

In the increasingly complicated global environment, it is vital for port executives and experts across the globe to share information and ideas.

The world port community is vital for the global economic health, and must effectively address global issues like maritime security, environmental protection of the oceans, and communication with host countries.

It is naive to think that port management issues are solvable by one port, one country, or even one region. It is also inefficient to do so. Instead, with modern technology, IT applications, technical data, and the exchange of human…… [Read More]

Leadership Models Literature Review of Situational Leadership

Leadership Models

LITEATUE EVIEW OF SITUATIONAL LEADESHIP

Situational leadership is a leadership paradigm proposed by Hersey and Blanchard as an alternative to the simplistic trait theories of leadership in vogue at the time. The main feature of the situational leadership theory of Hersey and Blanchard is that leaders are able to adapt their leadership styles to the level of readiness of the followers (Bovee et al. 1993). Employee readiness is a function of the ability and willingness of employees to engage in certain behaviours while leadership styles range from telling and selling styles to participating and delegating styles. These styles reflect varying emphasis on task and relationship behaviour by the leader. The telling style involves explicit instructions to the followers when they experience low levels of ability and willingness either due to a lack of information or confidence. The selling style is used when employees are unable to do the…… [Read More]

Individual Programmatic Assessment Based on Literature Review

Individual Programmatic Assessment based on Literature eview of Mediation and Advocacy within a human service agency. The human service agency that the paper will be based on is the "HOMELESS VETEANS." This paper explores the existing integration of mediation and advocacy that each of the three organizations - Department of Veteran Affairs, National Coalition for Homeless Veterans, and the Volunteers of America - provide for homeless veterans. The paper concludes by discussing whether advocacy or mediation may be more appropriate for this (homeless veterans) specific population.

The three organizations featured in this essay are the Department of Veteran Affairs, National Coalition for Homeless Veterans, and the Volunteers of America. Each features its own blend of advocacy and mediation.

Department of Veteran Affairs

This DVA provide information on housing assistance, job training, and education to help homeless veteran's secure safe, stable housing, and achieve self-sufficiency. Additionally, this organization has taken decisive…… [Read More]

Video Game Violence Literature Review in January

Video Game Violence Literature eview

In January of 2012, psychologist Christian Montag and a team of German researchers sought to explore the link between habitual video game play and reduced emotional or cognitive capability, and the findings of their study were published in an article entitled Does Excessive Play of Violent First-Person-Shooter-Video-Games Dampen Brain Activity in esponse to Emotional Stimuli? Montag and his colleagues expanded on the preponderance of empirical evidence observed by similar research, which has consistently produced data indicating direct and indirect links between video games and behavioral issues, ultimately postulating that "functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMI) are able to draw a more fine-tuned picture with respect to potential influences of violent video games by providing a link between altered brain activity and violent video gaming" (2012). The authors sought to test their hypothesis that "if long-term excessive gaming is really associated with altered emotional processing, [it] should…… [Read More]

PPD Literature Review This Work in Writing

PPD Literature eview

This work in writing seeks to answer the question of what the relationship is between domestic violence, sexual abuse, and women with depression during the postpartum period. Toward this end, this work will involve the conduction of an extensive review of literature in this area of study. The literature reviewed will be that located in scholarly publications and journals and other publications of a professional or academic and peer-reviewed nature.

Problem Formulation

The work of Jana L. Jasinski (2004) entitled "Pregnancy and Domestic Violence" states that estimates of violence against women indicate that approximately two million women are "physically assaulted annually and more than 50 million are assaulted in their lifetime. (p.48) Jasinski notes that estimations of the prevalence of violence during pregnancy experiences variations "due to differences in research designs, measures used, and populations sampled." (2004, p.49) In addition, a discrepancy exists as hospital and clinic-based…… [Read More]

Resiliency Literature Review on Resiliency This Paper

Resiliency

Literature Review on Resiliency

This paper will discus a literature review on resiliency. In order for us to better understand the contents of this research, let us first define and understand what the term resiliency means. Resiliency in this paper will be associated on matters regarding the psychological and behavioral capacity or condition of children and adolescents. Rak and Patterson (1996) in their study Promoting Resilience in At-Risk Children, indicates Hauser and his colleagues' definition of resiliency as the capacity of those who are exposed to identifiable risk factors to overcome those risks and avoid negative outcomes such as delinquency and behavioral problems, psychological maladjustment, academic difficulties, and physical complications.

The stage of adolescence is considered as the phase where the psychological and behavioral foundation of an adolescent is formed causing a large effect on his individuality in the span of his life's maturity. These foundations can be affected…… [Read More]

Therapeutic Hypothermia Th Literature Review

" This study found that a simple, external cooling protocol could be implemented easily "overnight in any system already treating post-resuscitation patients" and had an 89% success rate in reaching optimal temperature -- however, only 27 patients made up the study (Busch 2006: 1277).

A more recent, 2009 study by Castren (2009) "Scandinavian clinical practice guidelines for therapeutic hypothermia and post-resuscitation care after cardiac arrest" found the TH technique ineffective because even experienced physicians were unaware of "optimal target temperature, duration of cooling and rewarming time" and were only able "to predict the clinical outcome correctly in only 52% of the patients" (Castren 2009: 280). Supporters of the therapy admit that a lack of knowledge and training has made widespread implementation of TH problematic. In one Canadian study by Kenneday, J. et al. (2010),"The use of induced hypothermia after cardiac arrest: a survey of Canadian emergency physicians," only one half…… [Read More]

literature review tips and tricks

Search Tips and Tricks
There are a number of ways to find relevant academic literature. The first thing to remember is that most academic databases are designed with fairly rudimentary search functions – if you're accustomed to Google you'll be disappointed with the terrible U/X and primitive search of most academic databases. One of the most important ramifications of this is that you have to plan your search out a little bit more comprehensively. It goes without saying that knowing what databases are best for your subject matter is a critical precursor step – if you're just starting out you may wish to just ask your advisor or Google what the best databases for your field are in order to avoid wasting time on this step (Ecker & Skelly, 2010).
The first step is that you'll want to carefully define your keywords (Fonseca, 2013). For an academic database, keywords have…… [Read More]

Human Resources Literature Review in an Article

Human esources Literature eview

In an article titled "Management Derailment: Personality Assessment and Mitigation," which was published in the American Psychological Association Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology in 2010, the research team of Joyce Hogan, obert Hogan and obert B. Kaiser conduct a thorough literature review on the subject of management derailment. By examining over 100 scholarly articles and case studies, the reviewers sought to determine why a curious phenomenon within the study of human resource practices has consistently emerged. As the authors of the literature review observe in their Introduction, although "the economic literature clearly shows that good management enhances organizational performance and that some managers are better than others & #8230; there is little consensus in the psychological literature regarding the characteristics of good managers & #8230; (while) the research on bad managers converges rather well" (Hogan, Hogan & Kaiser, 2010). The thrust of the authors' research…… [Read More]

Imagery Literature Review Guided Imagery

Participants filled out a Short-Form McGill Questionnaire, an Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire in order to measure their levels of pain over the past few weeks. What the researchers found through statistical analysis was self-management strategies that reduced pain over time were most effective in the group that was exposed to guided imagery techniques. The level of guided imagery therapy was not itself significant, but more of the fact of whether or not it was present in the patient's therapy or not. This helps illustrate the effectiveness of guided imagery in managing long-term chronic pain when there are no fundamental cures present within traditional therapeutic practices. Pain management symptoms improved, but the symptoms overall remained. This shows that guided imagery is not a cure in and of itself, but rather an effective way to reduce and manage the pain that is present in chronic conditions like fibromyalgia.

Weydert,…… [Read More]

Education Literature Review Whenever the Disturbing News

Education Literature eview

Whenever the disturbing news of yet another school shooting shatters the adolescence of innocent teenagers, the national media, concerned parents and strained educators alike once again focus their collective attention on the epidemic of bullying which is crippling American schools. In the wake of the Columbine High School massacre which claimed 13 lives and the 2007 Virginia Tech shootings that killed 32 students and faculty, recent tragedies like that which occurred at Sandy Hook elementary bring the consequences of rampant bullying in schools back to the forefront of the national consciousness. Although the loss of life associated with these terrible incidents, and the erosion of self-confidence that results from unchecked bullying, are tragedies that cause society to collectively mourn, it is possible that the diminished safety of our nation's schools has also reduced the ability of modern students to achieve academic excellence. While a causal link between…… [Read More]

Deinstitutionalization Importance of a Historical Literature Review

Evaluating theoretical framework also assists in determining whether the structure directs the research study. This process entails identification of constructs or concepts, assessment of definitions, relationships, variables, hypothesis, methodology and findings.

Discussion Question Two: Will there always be a theoretical framework that aligns with your chosen topic of study? Why or why not?

Theoretical framework entails the collection of combined concepts that are not essentially well established (Aparasu, 2011). Theoretical framework determines the things a researcher measures and the statistical link to look for. Through theoretical framework, researchers engage preconceived ideas. For instance, some people deem that human beings are untrustworthy and lazy. Such basic beliefs regarding human temperament influences how a researcher views things when conducting a research. In this regard, not understanding the actual framework is an enormous concern. Theoretical framework directs the researcher to what he/she views in his/her environment, and what he/she does not notice in…… [Read More]

Stevens 2010 Critique of a Literature Review

Stevens, 2010)

Critique of a Literature eview: Obesity Prevention Interventions for Middle-School Age Children of Ethnic Minority: A eview of the Literature

Are the search strategy and the search criteria clear? What is included in the search criteria?

The research strategy and search criteria are clearly outlined in several sections of the literature review paper. The author identifies the "search terms" and "purpose" of the review in the abstract of the paper. Stevens declares that the literature was searched for key terms related to the purpose of finding, "interventions to reduce obesity in middle school-age children of ethnic minority." These terms are: "African-American, Hispanic, intervention prevention program, middle school-age children, Native American, obesity, review." In the "Methods" section, the author elaborates on the search strategy by listing the databases that were used to find research papers and defining the time frame (September 2008 -- November 20008) of the search. The…… [Read More]

Planning A Literature Review in

The value of this case study is demonstrative. It demonstrates how contingency planning can be used, but it says nothing of the results.

A quasi-experimental design was used by Chermack & Kim (2008) to explore the effect of scenario planning on decision-making styles. It was found hat participants in scenario planning have a tendency to make a mental shift towards intuitive-based decision-making styles after their participation in the scenario planning process. This study used a limited sample from a single company. However, the study demonstrates that this might be an area of interest for future studies. It examined the effect of the scenario planning process on individuals, rather than on the firm as a whole. This study was unique in its approach to scenario planning. A majority of the studies found in this literature review approached scenario planning from the standpoint of the entire organization and its affects on the…… [Read More]

Salvia Officinalis a Literature Review Introduction and

Salvia Officinalis a Literature eview

Introduction and History of Use

Salvia officinalis, or sage, is also called garden sage or common sage. It is a perennial, evergreen shrub (Clebsch & Barner, 2003). The leaves are grayish in color, and the flowers are purple or blue (Watters, 1901). Stems are woody, and the plant is native to the Mediterranean (Clebsch & Barner, 2003). However, it has now been naturalized in a number of places throughout the world. Its history is long, mostly detailing both culinary and medicinal uses. Modern times have also seen its popularity rise as an ornamental garden plant (Kintzios, 2000). There are many other species that also carry the common name "sage." Some are related and some are not. Sage was first described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus, and has been grown for centuries (Sutton, 2004). Its healing properties are impressive, and it is also used in the…… [Read More]

Patient Perceptions the Literature Review

Most of the literature deals with healthcare issues experienced in the United States or Europe. hat small amount of literature there is available on healthcare in Malaysia seldom has anything to do with the clinic(s) in specific. This study could help, in some small measure, to alleviate that problem.

orks Cited

Chowdhury, N., (1999) the Power of Towers, Fortune, Vol. 139, No. 7, pp. 110-112

Kurokawa, I., Takami, M., Cheriex, H., (1999) Futuristic flight plan - the Kuala Lumpur International Airport was designed for the new millennium, Lighting Design + Application, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 42-45

Manson, L.A., Baptist, a.J., (2002) Assessing the cost-effectiveness of provider-based status, Healthcare Financial Management, Vol. 56, No. 8, pp. 52-59

Romano, M., (2006) Physicians in pain, Modern Healthcare, Vol. 36, No. 4, p. 40

Shameen, a., (2004) Malaysia: Coining it in Kuala Lumpure - Start-up ECM Libra has capitalized on strong markets, hard…… [Read More]

Giftedness Literature Review Giftedness the

In the disjunctive approach one if gifted if one has a high level in any of the abilities attributed to giftedness. "One is gifted if one has a high level of this ability or if one has a high level of that ability, and so forth" (Borland, 1997, p. 14). In essence," Disjunctive definitions imply that there are different and distinct forms of giftedness and lead to the logical conclusion that programs must be multifaceted to address these various kinds of giftedness adequately" (Borland, 1997, p. 14). In the view of some educationists (Borland, 1997) this stance has some practical problems with regard to the development of curricula and identification issues; it is obviously more difficult to identify gifted children across a wide range of different types of intelligence, each with different criteria of giftedness.

Conjunctive theories and perceptions of giftedness are more integraive and holistic in design. An example…… [Read More]

San Diego Police Departments Literature Review

Annotated Literature Review
Carlitz, R. (2013). Improving transparency and accountability in the budget process: An assessment of recent initiatives. Development Policy Review, 31(1), S49-S67.

The author of this article is a political science professor at the University of California, an exemplification of his mastery and knowledge of the subject. The article emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in the budget process. With reference to empirical literature, the author points out that though there is no universally accepted methodology for ensuring transparency and accountability in public budget management, there are four important ingredients of success: the production of valid information, alliances between stakeholders, legal empowerment, and international support. Enhancing transparency and accountability in the budget process is vital for ensuring efficiency in the allocation of public finances, promoting fiscal discipline, minimizing corruption and embezzlement of public funds, and most importantly, increasing public confidence in public institutions. The element of stakeholder…… [Read More]

Door Policy -- Literature Review Extension Annotated

Door Policy -- Literature Review Extension

Annotated Bibliography

Revolving Door Members (2011). irst Street -- Where People and Policy Interact. Retrieved http://firststreet.cqpress.com/content/Revolving_Door_Members.aspx

This intelligence tool follows members of Congress who go through the Revolving door. The members of Congress who have disclosed their lobbying activity and members of Congress who previously worked as lobbyists are tracked in the irst Street database. The information contained includes the organizations they represent, the type of work that they have done and are presently doing. Subscribers to this database include advocates from law firms, member-based associations, lobbying organizations, and others. The research dashboard can be customized and saved, contact lists can be established, and bookmarks can be created for people, issues, and organizations of interest. The resource is comprehensive and is of value for anyone needing to do serious research. or the purposes of this project, the site is useful for demonstrations of the…… [Read More]

Disclosure Literature Review Disclosure in

1852). He states that fear might also limit a person's capacity for self-disclosure and this fear includes: "fear of embarrassment by colleagues, fear of patient reaction, and fear of litigation" (p. 1852).

Disclosure has now come to occupy an important place on political policy-making agenda. Most people now believe that they must have access to information about a professional or procedure that is likely to cause serious harm. IOM's recommendations in this regard propose access to information and states that "requests by providers for confidentiality and protection from liability seem inappropriate in this context." (Kohn, et al.: 102) Some professional health-care institutions are now looking forward to making disclosure mandatory. While the process would take some time to complete, Veterans ffairs (V) Medical Center in Lexington, Kentucky, has started working on it. Steve Kraman of the Lexington V hospital explains why disclosure was made mandatory, "We didn't start doing this…… [Read More]

Consumers in Virtual Worlds Literature Review

Consumers in Virtual orlds

Literature Review / Theoretical Framework: The article in the journal Marketing Intelligence & Planning points to how marketing research is becoming more pivotal to companies due to increased global competition (globalization). The authors point out that because some firms struggle to re-invent the way they conduct marketing research in the new millennium, they are considered "learning organizations" (Malhotra, et al., 2001, p. 216).

The article presents important practical information about how firms should conduct research. For example, qualitative research should be conducted with a "postmodern" approach, which uses "artistic interpretation" methods and rejects the old way of doing things like sending out surveys to determine what consumers prefer. Updated qualitative research uses computer-assisted data and embraces creative methods. On the quantitative research side, the authors advocate automated "data mining"; new databases should contain unlimited information about foreign product markets (Malhotra, 221).

Key Findings: Conducting surveys is…… [Read More]

Participative Management Analysis and Literature Review of

Participative Management: analysis and literature review of a 1930's theory -- Does it still have relevance 21st century management

What are the strengths and weaknesses of this theory?

One of the strengths of the theory of participative management is that it enables organizations to eliminate unneccaary and costly layers of managerial bureaucracy. Through deploying the concept of team leadership and work teams, it can empower employees to make immediate, practical decisions rather than relying upon management. Thus, it creates a leaner managerial structure and a greater sense of loyalty to the organization when employees can be responsible for everything from hiring, firing, corrective action, budgeting, education and performance appraisals. Work teams are encouraged, with participative management, to "set goals that are congruent with those of the organization and develop goal implementation strategies." (Warner, 1998)

ut particpatory management is not beloved by all management theorists. "The author of a book published…… [Read More]

Systematic Literature Review Addresses the Topic of

systematic literature review addresses the topic of what parents need to know and can do to enhance the developmental outcomes of their very low birth weight babies, following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. This topic is significant as very low birth weight babies, as a group, have special needs. And, by addressing these items, parents can enhance their child's development.

Systematic Literature eview: What Parents Need to Know and Can do to Enhance the Developmental Outcomes of Their Very Low Birth Weight Babies

This systematic literature review addresses the topic of what parents need to know and can do to enhance the developmental outcomes of their very low birth weight babies, following discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. This topic is significant as very low birth weight babies, as a group, have special needs. And, by addressing these items, parents can enhance their child's development.

This paper…… [Read More]

Importance of Critical Thinking and Literature Review

particular topic that one has picked and what has been covered in the broader subject area of that topic (John, 2007). So as to apply relevant scientific knowledge, it has to be obtained from the great quantity of available literature. This is accomplished in a literature review. Founding the application of the present literature on a systematic review differs from the opportunistic application of literature. Allegations in publications are often supported by one or a few references, even though there is a lot more literature on the topic. In the ideal cases, the cited work incorporates the present literature in a suitable manner. Publications are, however, cited for opportunistic reasons: they are simply the only publications that the author is familiar with on the subject or they agree with the author's ideas (Aken, Berends & Bij, 2007).

There are several ways through which a literature could be done. The most…… [Read More]

Processing A Critical Literature Review and Future

Processing: A Critical Literature Review and Future Research Directions by Spickett-Jones and Kitchen (2003) offers insight into much of the scholarly literature that has been written regarding information processing. The authors stress the importance of understating the actual processes and mechanics of what is used when there is interpretation of information as well as the cognitive processes and foundational structures that enable meaning to be associated with these activities (p.2). Persuasive communication is noted as a focus of the writing and the authors stress the significance of understanding communication within the contextual framework of human organization; how it is attended to, understood, interpreted, stored, manipulated, reflected upon and retrieved (p.2). Spickett Jones and Kitchen (2003) review marketing literature that addresses marketing and advertising theory with a primary focus on information processing.

The information provided in the Spickett-Jones and Kitchen article is very much in line with other information I have…… [Read More]

Evidence-Based Practice Project a Literature Review Conducted

Evidence-Based Practice Project

A literature review conducted by abie and Curtis (2006) aimed at establishing the effects of washing hands in reducing respiratory infections. The literature was obtained by searching CAB Abstracts, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science library. The inclusion strategy for the review were any studies that reported having an impact of hand washing to reduce respiratory infections. All articles included in the review were published before June 2004. This was a quantitative systematic review, which made it an effective method of analyzing and evaluating the selected studies. After searching for the relevant articles, the researchers found 395 articles, but only 61 articles were selected after the researchers reviewed their abstracts (abie & Curtis, 2006). The review and selection process continued and the final review included only eight articles, which the researchers established were more relevant to their study. Having eliminated the articles that focused on children…… [Read More]

Flex Work Literature Review Gone Are the

Flex Work Literature eview

Gone are the days of single-income households being the norm. The costs and other economics of today basically mandate that many families have both parents working and this leads to the need for day care, school transportation plans and other arrangements for things like doctor visits and school events. This can present a challenge if neither parent has a workplace situation has a job that is forgiving and understanding and allows for somewhat frequent (if not very frequent) quick breaks and extended lunch periods to deal with family affairs. Combine that with the fact that many employers are actively or hostilely resistant to flexible work arrangements under the auspices that it allows for or even encourages waste and misuse of time, then the problem is exacerbated even more. However, the author of this paper would assert that employers should be as understanding as they reasonably can…… [Read More]

Burke Literature Review Practice Activity Points Rewrite

Burke

Literature Review Practice Activity

points

Rewrite the following sections from literature reviews that can be improved. here is no ONE RIGH answer, but REMEMBER these: 1) Do not use first person, 2) Paraphrase when possible, 3) Use quotes only if it makes your argument stronger and you cannot say it otherwise, and 4) Never say "in the article" or "in the book." o help you, you can write down in a sentence or two, or using bullet points why you revised it in the way you did.

hese schools provide students the opportunity to take on responsibility and build relationships among their peers, teachers, and administrators; much like Vygotsky's idea of interaction. It also allows for students to interact with those within the community. It also touches base on the teacher being the facilitator of the classroom as opposed to an authoritative figure and lectures. It is important to…… [Read More]

Customer Centricity - Literature Review

Even customers who are satisfied with something do not always return to that specific business, especially if the business is somewhat out of the way or relatively inconvenient to get to (Jackson, Cunningham, & Cunningham, 1988).

Customer loyalty is generally thought to be achieved when a customer returns to buy something that they have bought before from the same company (Jackson, Cunningham, & Cunningham, 1988). There are many other ways to measure loyalty statistically, but it basically boils down to a customer returning to a business even though there are so many other choices available (Jackson, Cunningham, & Cunningham, 1988).

There are many ways to increase customer loyalty and it is significant to discuss some of them here (Rackham, Honey, Colbert, Fields, Hinson, Morgran, Morris, Sugden, & Tribe, 1971). One of the best ways is to meet or exceed many of the service standards that others in the industry have…… [Read More]

Self-Expression of Identity Literature Review

Each outside label has an affect on that individuals own conception of them, effectively rising or lowering self-image. These categories allow individuals of the same label to sometimes band together in order to further develop their own unique identities away from the labeling and discrimination from the larger group who may view them as abnormal, (Oxoby & McLeish, 2007: 13). Once inside a more specific group, these individuals have the capacity to flourish, and gain more and more self-esteem, (Handler, 1991: 223). However, when placed outside of these smaller groups into the larger population, this identity is once again viewed in a discriminatory manner, (Taylor & Moghaddam, 1994: 134). This occurs mainly due to the xenophobia each group portrays towards other groups, which then creates a hostile environment for the establishment of strong individual identities.

One way to examine the formations of deaf and queer identities using the Social Identity…… [Read More]

Literature Review on Autism

Autism, first identified in around the 1930s, has been described as a clinical disorder that is characterized by impairment in individuals towards social interaction and communication. Such individuals are also restricted and stereotyped in the patterns of interests and behaviors [1]. At present, the prevalence of autism in the population in the United States is around one in every 68 children; which include roughly 1 in every 42 boys identified (2) Such figures have increased significantly over the years. When compared to the similar figures in the early 1970s, the rates of prevalence of diagnosed autism were estimated to be about 1 in 2,500 in the early 1970s [3] which is many times lower than the present rates.

While the above numbers suggest that there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of diagnosed autism over the past few decades, it has also fueled an ongoing debate and an…… [Read More]

Reviewing a Grant Proposal

Adaptation theory, memoir, and dance
Specific Aims
The writer of the grant proposal introduces adaptation theory for the English literature review related to dance. Writer notes how dance has been used to capture literature. However, what has not been explored is dance becoming literature. Meaning notable American modern dance choreographers and their memoirs, how-to guides, autobiographies, and criticisms. These various forms of literature on dance provide an idea of how dance can be turned into something worth of review from a literary standpoint. Moreover, the writer points out the choreographic memoir as the best example of such form.
Therefore, the writer aims to explore choreographic memoirs and autobiographies and how they should be considered their own literary genre to allow future generations to better understand dance in a literary sense. By performing various choreographic memoirs, the writer wishes to discover the criteria and components for the ‘new genre’. This literary…… [Read More]

Review of Nursing Articles

Inpatient Whiteboards

This study is a theoretical framework exploring whiteboard use preferences and recommendations for patient-centered care and communication through whiteboard use.

This study is a theoretical framework exploring whiteboard use, script-based communication, and hourly rounding to evaluate effectiveness of care associated with pain management and patient satisfaction.

The study utilizes a conceptual framework.

This article uses a conceptual framework that provides a literature review

Conceptual framework

Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework

A 3-week pilot involving multidisciplinary whiteboard use

The setting is Stanford University Medical Center

Sample characteristics (# of patients) Patients available for the pilot were 104 patients: 56 from inpatient units with use of whiteboards and 48 from inpatient units with no use of white boards.

internal medical residents were also surveyed.

Design: The study involved a semi-structured interview.

Setting: The interview took place in a pediatric urban academic hospital inpatient surgical service

Sample characteristics (# of patients) The…… [Read More]

An Education Themed Literature Review

spiritual development in young children and what the definition of spiritual development was for early childhood educators. In addition, Schein wished to analyze and describe learning experiences and activities that inhibited or fostered spiritual development for a young child. Grounded in conceptual frameworks such as Buber's I and Thou, a theory was developed, deriving qualitative data from a 12 participant group of professional early childhood educators interested in spiritual development.

Through qualitative information gathered from hour-long interviews and an audio recorded follow-up, the study also gained insight from the educators through spirituality journals. The results pointed to a description of dispositions that would invoke a spiritual process. "The resulting theory includes a description of a spiritual process involving both basic dispositions (wonderment, awe, joy, inner peace) and complex dispositions (caring, kindness, empathy, and reverence). Participants reported these dispositions as nurtured by deep connections, modeling, and spiritual moments" (Schein, 2012, p.…… [Read More]

The Impact of Stress Literature Review

Stress affects children in many ways. From lacking confidence to developing eating disorders, to becoming antisocial, stress can take a toll on a child. Developing within an environment of stress and upheaval generates a sense of instability within children. When they are older, they may seek that stability or sense of stability in harmful activities or people. A good example of this is a child experiencing abuse at an early age and then marrying someone that abuses him or her.

The impact of stress on children can be great and often generates long-term side effects. Depression, personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, psychiatrists find these kinds of mental health problems frequently in children experiencing chronic stress. Some may not even appear from abuse, but rather from trying to please their parents and the people around them. Over achieving children may feel chronic stress because people expect him or her to…… [Read More]

Review Globalization Unplugged in Globalization

Such an example
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Urmetzer, and thus his arguments refuting the impact f glbalizatin n
eliminating the natin-state's svereignty are strengthened.
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it is a myth that because f glbalizatin "natinal brders have becme s
prus that gvernments are n lnger able t prperly manage their wn
affairs" (Urmetzer 2005: 123). In the case f Canada, a welfare state,
Urmetzer even maintains glbalizatin strengthens the welfare state. T
reach this pint, and t prve that ecnmic freedm des nt ultimately
cmpletely eliminate plitical pwer frm the ecnmic spectrum, Urmetzter
evaluates the effects f glbalizatin n the different prgrams f
gvernment invlvement within the ecnmy. Fr example, in regards t the
afrementined welfare-state services, Urmetzer ntes hw this is an ften
verlked aspect t glbalizatin (Urmetzer 2005: 142). By tuching…… [Read More]

Empathy in Sales -- Literature

However, he also shows a high degree of empathy, sympathy, and compassion for others. Frequently a significant contributor in a service-oriented sales role" (Weitzul 1993:49). This characterization of the necessary qualities for successful salespeople is very different from the traditional persona of salespeople who, especially in prior generations, often maintained an Aggressive-Compulsive behavioural style that is normally defined as a personality type that relies on a domineering approach lacking in sensitivity and empathy, who may be a better technical sales person than a more interpersonal sales person (Weitzul 1993:139).

Ultimately, empathy is now recognized as a crucial element of successful and effective sales techniques. Ideally, empathy expressed by salespeople should be established quickly and clearly as early as possible in the sales pitch; preferably, it should be incorporated into the introductory sentence or two of the initial exchange between salespeople and their customers. Whereas dynamic and hard-hitting sales pitches were…… [Read More]

Laufer Min Language Acquisition Literature

The groups were distinguished by those who participated in language acquisition activities employing enhanced reading with word-based activities and those who participated in what the researcher called 'narrow reading,' which occurred without this supplementary instruction. The two groups were asked to retain the same scope of fifty selected vocabulary words. Min would find that those in the former group, denoted as the "RV" group, performed significantly better than those in the "NR" group. In interpretation, Min tells that "the results show that the RV group demonstrated significantly more knowledge about the target vocabulary than the NR group on the acquisition and retention tests. The researcher concludes that reading plus focused vocabulary exercises are more effective and efficient than the narrow reading approach in enhancing target vocabulary acquisition and retention among EFL secondary students." (Min, p. 75)

Min would go on to suggest that the value in this study rests in…… [Read More]

Extant Literature Has Been Dedicated

According to the study, the clinical evidence does not recommend the application of implanto-prosthetic zirconium abutments in a patient's molar region.

Nakumura et al. (2010) conducted a systematic review of Zirconium as a dental implant abutment matter. The focus of their study was to assess the already published data on the concept of concerning zirconia dental implant abutments.

The work was focused on the study of the mechanical properties of zirconium abutments, the peri-implant soft tissues that surround zirconia abutments, plaque accumulation on the zirconia as well as the survival of the zirconia abutments.

The selected studies indicated that the that the zirconium abutments were very reliable in the anterior region from both mechanical and biologic perspectives.The studies also concluded that in comparison with titanium, zirconium abutments may be a material surface that is less attractive for phenomenon of early plaque retention.

The study further indicated that 3 clinical follow-up…… [Read More]

Therapeutic Hypothermia Review

Therapeutic Hypothermia Review

Annotated Bibliography

Lucero, Catherine (2010) Therapeutic Hypothermia. Clinical Correlations. Retrieved from: http://www.clinicalcorrelations.org/?p=2032

Lucero (2010) writes of therapeutic hypothermia "resumption of spontaneous circulation after prolonged ischemia due to cardiac arrest carries significant morbidity and mortality and much effort has been directed toward reducing the debilitating consequences." Lucero reviews the studies that demonstrate an association between therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest patients and improved neurological outcomes.

Tran, Bau P., et al. (2010) Use of Mild Therapeutic Hypothermia to Treat Cardiac Arrest. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants. 1 Mar 2010. Retrieved from: http://www.jaapa.com/use-of-mild-therapeutic-hypothermia-to-treat-cardiac-arrest/article/164767/

Tran, et al. (2010) reviews the key findings of research studies on the usefulness of therapeutic hypothermia following cardiac arrest.

3. Lutes, Michael and Larsen, Nathan (2007) Focus on: Therapeutic Hypothermia. Clinical Practice and Management March 2007. Retrieved from: http://www.acep.org/content.aspx?id=26776

Lutes and Larsen (2007) reviews recent studies that examine the use of therapeutic hypothermia,…… [Read More]

Nurse Lit Review Type of Research Study

Nurse Lit eview

TYPE OF ESEACH STUDY - Quantitative or qualitative

Descriptive, correlational, experimental, quasi-experimental, phenomenological, grounded theory ethnographic, historical

SAMPLE METHOD & SAMPLE SIZE

Knoll, Lautenschlager & Lipp (2009). British Journal of Nursing.

Impact of workload on hygiene practices.

Quantitative.

Experimental.

trials of nursing staff.

Statistical.

Enforcing hygiene practices has practical healing benefits for nurses.

Souweine, B. et al. (2009). Intensive Care Medical Journal.

Compared hygiene practices. Hand rubbing vs. hand washing.

Quantitative.

Experimental.

person nursing staff.

Workers completed self report questionnaires.

Hand rubbing with alcohol is preferred to handwashing in some instances.

Creedon, S. (2006). International Journal of Nursing Technologies and Classifications.

Observe health worker compliance in handwashing guidelines.

Quantitative.

Quasi-experimental.

73 doctors and nurses in an Irish ICU.

Questionnaire responses.

Knowledge of handwashing guidelines can lead to positive outcomes.

Allen, L. et al. (2014). Nevada Nformation.

Compared hand washing with hand sanitizer.

Quantitative.

Descriptive.

Literature review.

Statistical.…… [Read More]

Remote Nursing Review the Roles of Registered

emote Nursing eview

The oles of egistered Nursing in Shaping and Providing Care in ural and emote Locations: A Literature eview

The roles and perspectives of nursing have undergone major changes in the past several decades, continuing the rapid and profound development that this area of medical science and art has experienced in its relatively brief history. For quite some time, nursing existed either as a highly denigrated and unskilled profession looked down upon my others in the medical establishment and society at large, or as the semi-sacred and highly secret practice of healing through natural remedies and purely experiential knowledge transmitted orally and though demonstration from generation to generation. An appreciation and codification of nursing as a science -- albeit a science with certain subjective and aesthetic principles, making the designation of nursing as an art somewhat appropriate as well -- did not really occur until the nineteenth century,…… [Read More]

Search and Evaluation Task The Literature Exhibited

search, and evaluation task.

The literature exhibited particular gaps with regard to the initial problem that I was considering. For example, I began thinking about the difficulties of emergency room nursing care and the jeopardy to morale and job satisfaction that was just part of on-the-job exposure to the emergency room setting. Patients were often very badly hurt, but they were just as often in need of routine medical care for common, albeit uncomfortable conditions. Treating patients in emergency room settings often meant dealing with people who were violent toward those who were trying to care for them. In addition, much of the literature -- for no apparent reason -- was based on data and studies from non-American hospitals and emergency rooms. Dwindling resources in some locations meant fewer staff members to do the same amount of work in general hospitals and in emergency rooms. Physicians were often the focus…… [Read More]

UK Welfare the Following Review of Current

UK elfare

The following review of current literature is categorized by a number of variables. Statistics and Data initiate the report and is quickly followed up with Policy Literature. From there, an Academic Literature Review focusing on five articles (with corresponding studies and citations) takes place. After the Academic Review comes a Relevant Campaigning Review and a Media Review. Finally, a quick conclusion ties the literature together in a neat little bow.

The charts below provide data that allows researchers to understand exactly how significant the problem is. Chart A (see below) shows the rates of pregnancies in the UK broken down by age. As is evident, since 1990 pregnancy rates for older women have been rising significantly, while the rates for those woman under 29 years of age (including teenagers) have been holding steady, or slightly declining for the most part. Since current public policy was first initiated in…… [Read More]

Feeding intolerance Integrative Review Paper

Introduction

Despite major medical advancements over several decades, nearly 10 percent of births in the US continue to occur prematurely each year (Martin, Hamilton, Osterman, Driscoll, & Matthews, 2017). Creating a significant socioeconomic burden, preterm birth is one of the leading causes of infant morbidity and mortality in the United States resulting in approximately $16.9 billion in medical care costs annually (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2007). After days, weeks, or even months of intensive care, weight gain becomes a major criterion for hospital discharge. Feeding intolerance (FI) is a common complication among these preterm infants, which disrupts enteral feeding, resulting in feeding advancement delays, prolonging adequate weight gain and growth, and increasing hospital stays (Carter, 2012). Additionally, FI is associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gastrointestinal emergency and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in this group of patients (Moore & Wilson, 2011). The underlying cause for these problems…… [Read More]

Ethics the Institutional Review Board IRB Was

Ethics

The Institutional eview Board (IB) was created to protect human rights in research studies. Prior to the creation of ethical standards in research individual rights were frequently violated without consequence for such actions. Extreme examples of ethical violations include the experiments conducted on individuals during the Nazi Concentration Camps and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study. In both cases individuals were inflicted with significant harm without knowledge of the study or willing participation. Currently the Department of Health and Human Services regulates federal guidelines to ensure the safety and protection of participants in research studies. Following ethical guidelines ensures protection of human beings' rights and the integrity of research. In the case study of Lucy, several ethical violations occurred including: lacking of formal IB approval for her research study, issues with informed consent, and misrepresentation of the research authorship.

Lucy, a special education teacher, sought IB approval for her proposed research…… [Read More]

Sigma This Review Addresses the

When dealing with customers, all interactions cannot be standardized. Similarly, the requirements of customers can differ significantly based on the type of product and the extent of usage of the product by the customer. Short- and long-term training courses are often used to increase worker knowledge of the product or the services being sold to the customer. As product life cycles become shorter, the training needs of the individuals dealing with the customer are also higher. It is observed often, especially with call center-based customer service, that the "interaction between the agent and the customer is divided into "talk, wrap and idle time" is suggestive of task individualization and specialization." (Mulholland, 2002) in this environment, it is difficult to explicitly state if all the needs of the customer have been satisfied based on the format on which the worker is trained.

As with any other quality improvement process in an…… [Read More]

Technological Globalization Class Review

Technological Globalization Class Review

I thought it was necessary to research this particular project because the business climate of contemporary times is increasingly turning towards globalization. Business is no longer conducted domestically or in one particular market; instead, it is conducted internationally in what is a global marketplace as organizations vie with one another for the best resources and services or products they can supply on the planet. Therefore, there is a growing reliance on information technology that enables globalization to take place, and which organizations must keep abreast of in order to stay competitive in today's ever-shifting business climate.

Other studies in this literature review are suggesting that there are certain aspects of globalization and IT that are changing priorities for companies. For instance, it is now much more important for a company to maintain and manage its public image in terms of its methods and how it chooses…… [Read More]

R-Questions to Build the Literature

Vaughn et al. (2003) report that the identification of LD students has increased upwards of 200% since 1977, with explanations ranging from a likely outcome of the growing knowledge field, to LD as a field serving as a sink for the failures of general education to meet the needs of students of varying abilities. The study investigators find that not only is the heterogeneity of the identified students quite wide, they also find that many students are overrepresented (misidentified) or underrepresented (unidentified). One large problem is the use of IQ tests to identify those students as learning disabled. Using standardized tests fails to accurately identify those students who either have reading difficulties or those students whose first language is not English. More emphasis is needed on response to instruction type models of assessment and intervention to replace ineffective normalized standards for identifying students at risk and properly placing students for…… [Read More]

Nice Standards Nice Compliance Standards Review Nice

NICE Standards

NICE Compliance Standards eview

NICE has developed a set of guidelines and standards to help minimize the risk of VTE and ensure healthcare protocols are in place to educate patients about the risks of VTE. The purpose of this literature review is to examine a tool to access a Hospital Trust compliance with the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) published standards on Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention. The tool will have the capability to monitor, report, and disseminate relevant information.

National Institute for Clinical Excellence

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, or NICE, is an institution whose goals including providing clinical quality guidelines and standards to help manage a nationwide database. The purpose of this database includes help improve total healthcare at multiple levels, including at the cardiovascular, vascular, mental, neurological at other levels of health (NICE, 2011). The goals of NICE include prevention of disease,…… [Read More]

Green The Science - Literature

Aristotelian influence predominated together with the wisdom and learning of other ancient writers, while the former was often used as a framework for intellectual debates which readily expanded both philosophy and other areas of knowledge (Grant 127-131). The European university system was established alongside monasteries as centres for the propagation of knowledge. Scholars like Robert Grosseteste, Albertus Magnus, and Roger Bacon wrote about natural science to a growing audience. While Christianity did not recede as a dogmatic cultural system, it was not entirely determinative. Scholars could explore natural phenomena with an openness to past views, although often the learning acquired was purely rational rather than experimental, and was fused with a biblical worldview. In other words, the renaissance of the twelfth century played an integral part in transmitting scientific methodology within a predominantly religious environment that required thinkers to harmonise science with religion.

Other significant achievements took place in less…… [Read More]

Employee Satisfaction With a Company's Review Process

Employee Satisfaction with a Company's Review Process

The following research examines the reason for a decline in employee satisfaction regarding the review process at XYZ, Inc. The results of the survey revealed that sample biases may have confounded the results and that the survey will have to be re-administered to reflect the true attitudes and results of the preliminary research leading up to the current survey. The result showed a high degree of satisfaction with the quality and quantity of management feedback. The results of this survey are inconclusive and further research will need to be conducted to eliminate the possible effects of sample bias.

Delimitations (See Leedy)

Premise

Hypothesis

Research question(s)

Evaluation Objective

Development Objectives

Participants

Researcher

Survey Group(s)

Assistants

Site contact

Timeline

Chapter II

A. Literature Review

B. Introduction

C. General Management Issues

D. Project Related Issues

E. Conclusions

F. Definition of Terms

G. References

H. Project Submission…… [Read More]

Two Lit Reviews Reviewed

Pitcher literature review was not particularly strong. The author expended too much energy researching leadership, instead of mentorship, without first establishing a credible link between the two. The justification for this tangent, as found on p.8, is "due to the vastness of reference on the topic." Tangents should be justified by the literature. There are structural issues as well -- the lit review starts with a bit of fluff, moves quickly into detailed material, then reverts back to a discussion about the Odyssey and the Bible that would only make sense in the first paragraph. A lit review should begin with grand concepts, and drill down to specific details, not bounce aimlessly between such material. The lit review as follows is overly long, without any cohesiveness, seemingly constructed to fill a page count rather than follow specific, vital threads of knowledge. The format makes no sense -- the headers make…… [Read More]

Educational Groups -- a Literature

Many of these activities commonly focus on happy and positive feelings and thoughts, at the expense of allowing an examination of more painful issues. This is especially problematic for disenfranchised and failing students, who, through this type of structure, receive direct and indirect messages from the group structure to not deal with the depths of their pain, anger, frustration, sadness, hurt, anxiety, or fear." (Bemak, 2005, p.1)

The need for a culturally diverse approach must not be lost, either in the approach of education of counselors and educators, despite the need to build teams and effective groups. Controversially, Bemak entertains the suggestion that an ethnic and gender match between students and guidance counselors might be a needed additional support for students from at-risk groups, although he finally rejects the idea as impractical. (Bemak, 2005, p.5) the article is provoking and challenging to accepted norms, suggesting that the need to build…… [Read More]

Education Performance the Examined Literature

The ease of use of email systems for example generally tend to relate to high satisfaction levels. According to the study, students find it extremely convenient to be able to contact instructors at any time according to their convenience and available time frame. This does away with the inconvenience of specific office hours or telephone availability. This satisfaction is however also related to the ability of the instructor to respond to email in a speedy fashion. In Enockson's study, for example, the instructor made an effort to consistently respond within 24 hours. Students also experienced the online system as particularly convenient, as physical barriers to communication were eliminated, and students were able to set their own hours for instruction and communication. The time and costs of commuting are also eliminated by the use of such a system. This is the basic advantage of a generally online system of instruction as…… [Read More]

Why Reviewing Literature for a Research Project Is Important

¶ … advance greater understanding of the research subject/topic is evident upon completion of the review. Literature consists of all the information that researches have contributed to a field of study in the past and can go back many years to give the student a deeper knowledge of how research has developed and evolved over the years. By looking at it in this way, the student can put together a picture in his mind of how a subject has come to be better understood because of all the work and studies that other researchers have contributed to the pool of knowledge that is the body of literature on that subject (Adams, 2007).

The best sources of information for conducting a literature review are those found in academic or scholarly journal databases either online or in university libraries. These can be found using keyword searches in online databases such as Questia…… [Read More]