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¶ … Recognition Within Criminal Justice Setting
Within the criminal justice profession the act of memory retrieval is essential to the act of investigating cases of all variety -- from the petty theft committed by a purse-snatcher to the wanton violence inflicted by a murderer -- because invariably the state's case against those accused will involve the statements of sworn eyewitnesses. While the American system of jurisprudence has placed a great deal of faith in the ability of ordinary people to recall sequences of events and crucial details under high-stress circumstances, as well as their proficiency at recognizing facial features and identifying markers during the commission of a crime, contemporary research on the subject of memory retrieval suggests that this trust may be misplaced. An article published in 2008 on the divergence between recall and recognition -- written by a team of British researchers led by Charlie D. Frowd and titled "Improving the Quality of Facial Composites Using a Holistic Cognitive Interview" -- illuminated the various differences...
According to Frowd's explication of recall and recognition, "the former is concerned with verbalizing information, such as events and facial appearance; the latter, with comparing whether an image or person being presented is the same as that seen previously (i.e., at the scene of the crime)" (Frowd et al., 2008), and while recall and recognition may appear to be merely functions of memory, the complex nature of each process must be understood completely by the criminal justice system if they are to be exploited as effectively and accurately as possible.
One of the central objectives of the research conducted by Frowd and his team concerned the ways in which recall and recognition occur on a cognitive level, and their conclusion is that "the recall and recognition of visual information are known to be largely separate mental processes & #8230; (as) the underlying neural mechanisms also reside in separate lobes of the brain" (Frowd et…
References
Frowd, C.D., Bruce, V., Smith, A.J., & Hancock, P.J. (2008). Improving the quality of facial composites using a holistic cognitive interview. Journal of Experimental Psychology:
Applied, 14(3), 276.
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