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The dependent variable was a measure of stress by virtue of physiological responses. Those variables were perfectly chosen for the study topic.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis was that exposure to music during the immediate pre-operative period would correspond to a reduction in stress in the experimental group as compared with the control group. This hypothesis is perfectly appropriate and capable of empirical testing for substantiation or non-substantiation.
Sampling, Research Design, and Data Collection Methods
The sample size was very small and acknowledged as an inherent limitation of the study. Other limitations included the use only of subjects scheduled for minor arthroscopic surgery and the fact that subjects could have changed their responses to please the...
The research design and collection methods were appropriate in that they utilized and collected objective physiological data that are generally relevant to stress. However, that design presumed that (1) the specific data collected necessarily corresponded to stress, and (2) that there were no other equally (or more) relevant measures than the specific data chosen for collection.
Data Analysis and Interpretation and Discussion of Findings
The data did reveal statistically significant reductions in stress to the extent that the data chosen in the experimental design correspond to stress. The researchers' conclusions that the issue warrants further (and broader) study and that the use of music should be increased are both logical and appropriate to the findings of the study.
Music What music do you associate with childhood? How did/does this music make you feel? How do your choices reflect your childhood experiences? Music that is associated with childhood has special significance as it not only contributes to the mental development of the child but also reminds one of the happy memories of the childhood. Even the research shows that the music that a child hears has influence on him throughout his
Music therapy as a formal discipline emerged soon after the Second World War, when veteran's hospitals across the United States started to host musicians to improve quality of life of patients. Since then, a wealth of scientific literature has emerged about the efficacy of music therapy. Nearly every patient population seems to respond to music therapy, including animals. Music has been shown to have anti-anxiety, pro-immunity properties and can raise
This is particularly the case in elderly patients who suffer form various debilitating diseases and conditions, where it has been found that music therapy produces positive outcomes. References Anatomy of Melancholy. Retrieved April 8, 2008, at http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/b/burton/robert/melancholy/S2.2.6.html Bhat, M. Udupa S. (2003) the Evolution, Appreciation and Representation of Music. MCGILL JOURNAL of MEDICINE, 7(2), pp. 190 -195. Black bile. Retrieved April 8, 2008, at http://www.answers.com/topic/melancholia. Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Biomedicine. Retrieved April 9,
Music is sound, which enters the outer ear and passes through the middle ear into the inner ear and the brain by means of electrical energy. In the brain, it can generate motor responses, draw emotions, release hormones and trigger higher-order processes. The brain develops its response as it perceives the sound. If a loud sound creates fright, calm music can soothe. Records on music therapy date as far back
Music therapy involves incorporating music into therapist-patient relationship development for promoting the latter's physiological, psychological, emotional and social health. One can consider music therapy to be a part of creative arts treatment, clinical treatment, or supplementary treatment relative to the conventional medical model. It encompasses numerous techniques such as playing a musical instrument, singing a song, listening to music and improvisation (McCaffrey 42). Autism spectrum disorder represents a lasting developmental
Melanie's frequency of inappropriate behavior was not consistent; she experienced unpredictable increases and decreases in hair pulling, screaming, scratching, and tantrum behavior. The study occurred in a self-contained classroom for children and youth with autism, which was housed within the special education department of a large state medical center. The classroom included four students, one certified classroom teacher, and three paraprofessionals. Students received one-on-one instruction; group instruction; speech-language, music, art,