Non Profit Management The primary objective of forming a nonprofit organization is to provide services to the community. The term "nonprofit" is used for those types of business, which are formed on the principle that profits will not be distributed to the owners. Majority of the non-profit organizations are organized under the cover of corporations, which are formed under the corporation law of the state in which they are operating. States have their own legislations for the formation of non-profit corporations and some of them allow the formation of other forms of organizations such as a trust or an unincorporated association. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has exempted those organizations from taxes, which are serving any kind of charitable, religious, scientific or educational purposes.

The typical structure of a non-profit organization includes three major areas. These are control, programs and central administration. The control or governance function of a non-profit organization is responsible for overall strategic planning, decision-making, guidance and control of the organization. Effective governance is necessary to keep the activities of the organization in line with its objectives. Moreover, the goals and objectives defined by the top management of the non-profit organizations are to be materialized. This can be done through effective utilization of resources, owned by the organization, to organize different programs for the benefit of the society. The success of these programs is then measured in terms of their outcomes. Outcomes are usually measured by analyzing the impact of organization's services on the society. Finally, to keep the functions of the organization running, it employs some expert staff in it's central administration. As non-profit organizations are limited in terms of resources, they try to keep the cost of hiring administrative personnel as low as possible. This issue is itself a challenge for these organizations.

Challenges faced by non-profit organizations:

The major challenge faced today by the non-profit organizations is that of "devolution." The terminology of "devolution" is used by the non-profit professionals for the cutbacks in the federal funding for non-profit organizations. Recent legislations passed by the Congress have reduced the obligations of the federal government in providing assistance to the needy and the poor. Federal government...

According to this new arrangement, funds will be assigned to states, allowing them to allocate these funds on their own decision. Although, with the decentralization of funding operations, there will be lesser bureaucratic red tapes and more control at the local level but the services programs initiated by the non-profit organizations will be exposed to great level of risk because of reduced federal funding. From the absence of federal contributions, most of the non-profit organizations will be facing significant financial problems because they receive around 30 to 40% of their funding from federal sources. To worsen the situation, these organizations are faced with a continuous increase in demand for human services, which is very difficult to fulfill in the current scenario.
Devolution has created several challenges for the leaders of non-profit organizations. Now they have to run their functions with increased efficiency with reduced level of resources. In this regard, they have to redefine their operating procedures and try to search for other sources of funding. With the lack of funds for human services, non-profit organizations will have to adopt several traditional "for profit" organizational strategies like strategic alliances and restructuring.

Another challenge faced by the non-profit organizations is of fees and fundraising. Fees is usually charged by these organizations for the services provided by them and is to be paid by either the person receiving it or a third party such as the government or any other charity organization. However, a fee is not the primary source of revenue for the non-profit organizations because their fees rarely cover the cost of the product or service being provided. This is the reason why non-profit organizations search extensively for additional revenue sources and get involved in different fund raising activities. Interestingly, the services provided by the non-profit organizations are of high worth to the communities but it is extremely difficult to measure the outcomes of these services. It may take years to experience a significant change in the behavior of the society because of the efforts of any organization. As a result of this limitation, non-profit organizations are unable to demonstrate results of their efforts and therefore donors become hesitant…