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Oppositional Defiant Disorder
The symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder as identified by the DSM have changed from DSM-4 to DSM-5. However, there has been some criticism of the new manual by physicians and psychologists, who lament the fact that Big Pharma played a substantial role in producing the manual. This point will be discussed later in the paper. For now, the symptoms as described in DSM-4 were: a demonstrated pattern (6 months or more) of negative and defiant behavior, including at least 4 of the following activities: frequent loss of temper, arguing with elders, refusal to conform to rules of elders, deliberately annoying, places blame for faults on others, testy, full of disrespect and scorn, full of spite and a desire to "get even." Furthermore, this behavior should impair the individual's ability to function socially, academically and/or occupationally, and these behaviors should be exhibited in ordinary situations -- not just during a mood or psychotic disorder. The individual should also not be diagnosed as having conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).
DSM-5 has refined these symptoms still further. The symptoms are grouped by type and range: "angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, and vindictiveness" (American...
15). Also, the "exclusion criterion" used in DSM-4 is no longer used, allowing for an easier diagnosis. Another change is that there is no severity rating that is determined by how pervasive the symptoms appear to be. The disorder is also lumped together with conduct disorder and intermittent explosive disorder under the heading Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders.
In a person, this disorder would look like the following: the individual would appear self-centered and consistently angry "about everything," as though there were a tremendous chip on his or her shoulder -- although this "chip" would not be in proportion with what the individual is actually "suffering" from others. The individual would be consistently disrespectful, as though he or she couldn't help but be rude and disrespectful to persons in authority. The individual would consistently challenge others and argue, which would diminish his or her ability to make friends, keep steady employment, or do well in school. In other words, the individual would be failing in all sectors of his or her life as the result of his or her "bad attitude" which seems to have no justification.
The media is rarely unbiased in its portrayals of disorders, as the more sensational a depiction,…
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, Fourth Edition. Retrieved from http://behavenet.com/node/21490
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV -- TR to DSM-5. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf
Cosgrove, L. (2010). Diagnosing Conflict-of-Interest Disorder. AAUP. Retrieved from http://www.aaup.org/article/diagnosing-conflict-interest-disorder#.Vb9nRflViko
Lonely and distressed adolescents are easy prey to alcohol abuse and drug use causing crime, as well. Substance abuse causes a number of problems for the users as well as the attached parties. It distorts the adolescent's decision making processes and makes them more rigid in what they believe other than what should be done (Turkum, 2011, pg 130). There are a number of reasons behind substance abuse, including; to
E., respect) to the teacher. Conclusion First, it would seem that the karate training in the Palermo article is a terrific idea especially when dealing with young boys, who have a lot of energy and usually respond well to athletic activities. Tightly organized basketball games, or soccer, could also be used in this same context. This is a great idea and a program worth sharing with teachers and school administrators. Secondly, the
Self-Efficacy and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Oppositional Defiant Disorder The challenges of adolescence have always loomed large for young people and for families -- for as long as adolescence has been a recognized stage in human development. A constellation of skills is needed by young people to bridge the transition from childhood dependency to adult independency (Smith, Cowie, & Blades, 1998). For some young people, the transition is especially difficult and skill development
One work specifically isolates a type of treatment that is helpful for ODD or milder CD: In this book our focus is on supportive-expressive play psychotherapy for a particular kind of patient: the school-aged child who meets the criteria for oppositional defiant disorders and mild or moderately severe conduct disorders (DSM-III-R). There are, however, important qualifications. First, the child must demonstrate some capacity for genuine guilt, remorse, or shame about
Parental Interventions for Oppositional Defiant Disorder Kids Oppositional Defiant Disorder is characterized by irritability and anger among children. Such children also tend to be argumentative, defiant and vindictive towards anyone with authority over them. Their conduct is an impediment towards the normal daily activities expected of them. There is a lifetime prevalence of ODD that has been measured to stand at about 11% of the population in general. The ODD symptoms
Oppositional defiant disorder falls within a new classification of disorders known as "Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders" in the DSM-V (American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013, p. 15). In prior editions of the DSM, including its most recent predecessor the DSM-IV-TR, many of the disorders in this category, including oppositional defiant disorder, were classified as "Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence." Problems with self-control are the primary characteristic linking