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At the same time, however, they gathered views of educators through focus groups and learned many teachers believe tests provide a roadmap for instruction and yield useful data. Buck et al. also concluded that test prep did not necessarily squelch teachers' creativity. Researchers and teachers both cited the Arkansas State Assessment Test as a positive example of an open-response test that requires creativity in student responses; hence, creativity is needed in the teachers' approach to the material.
Winkler (2002) found that new teachers were more likely than veteran teachers to see advantages to standardized testing. Veteran teachers were frustrated, feeling that standardized testing robbed them of power and freedom. New teachers in the study felt that standardized testing helped foster a climate of collaboration, in which teachers met to discuss pedagogy and methods with an eye toward improving students' performance and mastery.
There are dual goals as educators and policymakers review standardized testing. One is to ensure that tests increasingly provide opportunities for students...
In addition, teacher-training programs must help prepare new educators to work with standardized tests and not against them. It is important to help new teachers understand how standardized tests will guide instruction and enable them to better prepare their students to participate in them.
References
Buck, S., Ritter, G.W., Jensen, N.C., & Rose, C.P. (2010). Teachers say the most interesting things -- an alternative view of testing. Phi Delta Kappan 91 (6), pp. 50-54.
Friesen, S. (2010). Uncomfortable bedfellows. Teacher Librarian 38 (1), pp. 8-14.
Oswald, J. (2008). The future of testing. District Administration 44 (9), pp. 58-59.
Steedle, J., Kugelmass, H., & Nemeth, Al. (2010). What do they measure? Comparing three learning outcome assessments. Change 42 (4), pp. 33-37.
He begins by introducing the concept of neo-Fordism (or neo-industrialization) which was characterized by product innovation. The age of neo-Fordism led to distance education adapting itself to the more demanding consumerist society as it started to produce a wider array of small-scale courses on which constant innovation can be made possible. Post-Fordism (or post-industrialization), on the other hand, does not have much difference from neo-Fordism only that it adds
Economic Motivators for Employers on Employment Rates for People With Disabilities in Atlanta Qualitative Research Quantitative Research Definition of Disability Statistics for Individuals with Disabilities Effects Of ADA On Persons With Disabilities Economic Motivators for Employers Hiring People with Disabilities Factors Affecting Economic Motivators for Employers Lack of Information and Knowledge Regarding Economic Motivators Misconception about Individuals with Disabilities Inaccessible Hiring Strategies Conflicts with Existing Programs Lack of Appropriate Planning and Difficulties in implementations Economic Incentive Programs Unemployment Among People with Disabilities Summary Conclusion CHAPTER
Growth Aided by Data Warehousing Adaptability of data warehousing to changes Using existing data effectively can lead to growth Uses of data warehouses for Public Service Getting investment through data warehouse Using Data Warehouse for Business Information Ongoing changes in Data Warehousing The Origin of Data Warehousing and its current importance Relationship between new operating system and data warehousing Developing Organizations through Data Warehousing Telephone and Data Warehousing Choose your own partner Data Warehousing for Societal Causes Updating inaccessible data Data warehousing for investors Usefulness
Convergent questions seek one or more very specific correct answers, while divergent questions seek a wide variety of correct answers. Convergent questions apply to Bloom's lower levels of Knowledge, Comprehension, and Application and may include questions like "Define nutrition," "Explain the concept of investing," and "Solve for the value of X." Divergent questions apply to Bloom's higher levels of Analysis, Synthesis, and Evaluation; are generally open-ended; and foster student-centered discussion,
It's a tidal wave that's going to engulf us all within the next five years. Cloud services will be a $160 billion industry by the end of 2011" (Ginovsky 2011, 21). Although the decision to transition from a traditional approach to cloud computing will depend on each organization's unique circumstances, a number of general benefits have been cited for those companies that have made the partial or complete transition to
In addition, characterising distance education as the most industrialised form of teaching and learning is also regarded as out of proportion and criticised because it is claimed that this characterisation is obsolete because for some time now we have been in a post-industrialist age (Peters, 3-4)." Peters does, however, make a good point about the lack of pedagogy on the subject of distance education and learning. There is very little