US Pakistan Relations Since 9 11

Annotated Bibliography

Bashir, F., & Aman, S. (2021). US Security Assistance to Pakistan in Post 9/11 Period. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 15(2), 96-116.

Bashir and Aman (2021) explain that trust between the US and Pakistan is deeply tied to aid and security: Since the Obama Administration, the US has reduced the amount of aid and security it has provided to Pakistan, thus deteriorating whatever trust had appreciated under the Bush Administration post-9/11. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that intelligence suggests a military coup is underway. Based on what Bashir and Aman (2021) reveal, it should be recommended that the US get word to Pakistani leaders about restoring trust through aid and security initiatives that can help re-establish Pakistan-US relations. Bashir and Aman are experts in their fields; Bashir holds a PHD and teaches at the Islamia College Peshawar, while Aman is an assistant professor in the Department of Political Science. Both have a perspective that is understanding of the Middle Eastern mind and can be used to help orient the Western mind towards a proper assessment of the situation is it is in real terms. Indeed, Bashir and Aman apply a realist and neo-realist theoretical framework to Pakistan-US relations, which helps to show the actual degree to which security and aid facilitate the development of trust between the two countries. The article reveals that from a pragmatic standpoint, the US could ease tensions with Pakistan by simply adopting a win-win approach that the Pakistani government could see as acceptable. However, barring such an approach, it is unlikely that relations could be restored, as Pakistan wants to see what it is in it for them, and the US is reluctant to offend other states, as is clear from what other researchers have shown on this topic.

Article link: http://sbbwu.edu.pk/journal/Summer%202021_Vol.15-No.2/6.%20US%20Security%20Assistance%20to%20Pakistan%20In%20Post-2.pdf

Other sources considered:

Rashid, M. I., Javaid, P. D. U., & Shamshad, M. (2020). Pakistan-US Relations after 9/11: Points of Divergence. South Asian Studies, 33(2), 541-553.

Analysis of the deteriorating relationship between the US and Pakistan. The authors highlight common goals that the two countries share at the end, and discuss how the two states could improve relations by uniting on the Kashmir issue, by the US refraining from interfering on the polity of the Muslim country, by promoting security through sacrifice, by respecting Pakistan’s territorial sovereignty, and by dropping backdoor diplomacy.

http://111.68.103.26/journals/index.php/IJSAS/article/viewFile/3182/1359

Shah, A. (2018). Do US drone strikes cause blowback? Evidence from Pakistan and beyond. International Security, 42(4), 47-84.

Analysis of the degree to which relations between Pakistan and the US are affected detrimentally by drone strikes. The author makes the case that blowback does indeed occur locally, nationally, and transnationally, and that the US could help restore relations between Pakistan and the US by protecting civilians in accord with international law and standards.

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aqil-Shah-2/publication/324954803_Do_US_Drone_Strikes_Cause_Blowback_Evidence_from_Pakistan_and_Beyond/links/60171b6e45851517ef2e89e1/Do-US-Drone-Strikes-Cause-Blowback-Evidence-from-Pakistan-and-Beyond.pdf

Mirza, M. N., & Mushtaq, N. (2019). Pakistan-US Relations: Transactional-Transformational Debate. Journal of Security & Strategic Analyses, 5(2), 07-30.

Analysis of Pakistan-US relations from the standpoint of the transactional approach and the role that China and India play in the relationship. The authors indicate that Pakistan has shifted towards China while the US has shifted towards India as part of a much larger geopolitical shift taking place currently.

https://ojs.thesvi.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/105

Ashraf, I., & Ali, A. (2018). Socio-economic well-being and women status in Pakistan: an empirical analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 7(2), 46-58.