¶ … scientist's need to acquire knowledge trumped the patient's or research subject's rights to autonomy and other, personal individualistic rights. The affirmative side advocated a utilitarian approach to ethics. Utilitarianism deems that when there is a conflict between the rights of one group and those of another, the decision-making prioritization should favor the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The affirmative stated that when conducting medical research, the emphasis from a utilitarian perspective should be on the potential knowledge that can be gained from the research that can help future generations, rather than specifically how the research can benefit the research subjects. This means that some forms of deception regarding the purpose of the research derived from the study is ethically acceptable.
The negative side of the debate invoked a deontological ethical argument, pointing out that informed consent is a widely-accepted medical principle...
Ever since the Nuremburg trials, the potential dangers of medical research, as well as the potential benefits have been of great ethical concern to the medical community.
The negative side also gave specific emphasis on what can occur if researchers believe they are not bound by professional ethics, only the ethics of finding out new scientific knowledge. Vulnerable research subjects in the past have been exposed to a worsening of their physical condition, new diseases, psychological distress, and even emotional and psychological abuse. Research subjects make considerable sacrifices for the name of science, giving up their time and often forgoing treatments with known benefits for experimental procedures or even potentially no treatment at all if they are randomly placed in a…
Global Environmental & Social Problems The four unit course in Contemporary Global Environmental and Social Problems explores and critiques some of the most pressing global social / environmental issues and problems that are not limited to one nation or region. Thesis: The most serious environmental and social issues on the planet -- issues that threaten the health, safety and productivity of the human race -- should be given serious, critical
Full creativity allows the production of greater wealth, for a stronger and more evolved society. Further in defense of the moral systems or perceived lack thereof in terms of newly created wealth, D'Souza asserts that most wealth currently created is the result of personal effort, rather than means such as inheritance. The wealth can then indeed be seen as the reward for effort, rather than wealth as a result of
Com industry crash after the boom This is a paper examining some of the factors that caused the dot-com crash Many believe the root cause of the dot-com crash was over valuation of stock prices relative to the actual underlying value of the companies themselves. Stocks of Internet companies traded at Price-Earning ratios of higher then 30, buoyed by a speculative bubble. When reality set in for investors many realized that
Sustainability More About Politics Than Science? The environment is a word which refers to the natural effects around us including the atmosphere, seas and oceans, rocks and mountains, plants, ice formations, human beings, stars and several others. These effects are best left in their natural state because when they get disturbed, they could have serious consequences on the atmosphere, electricity, water, weather, fire and the earth's magnetism. Sadly, this is
Wondering what to do the articles tells that the study of David Pearson entitled "What Research Has to Say to the Teaching of Reading published by the International Association 1992 was the "most compelling research available." Pearnson's research claimed that "thoughtful proficient readers make connections, draw upon prior knowledge, create visual imagery, make inferences, ask questions, determine important ideas, and synthesize what they read." Lansdowne set out to test