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Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) Instrument Analysis
Research to evaluate interventions to promote sleep in critically ill patients has been restricted by the lack of brief, inexpensive outcome measures (Richards, O'Sullivan, & Phillips, 2000). Usually the critically ill are given different medications that help them sleep. However, in many cases this is insufficient to achieve enough rest and sleep periods are generally fragmented and with decreased restrictiveness. Most researchers believe that a few days of partial sleep or even complete sleep deprivation in a healthy adult for brief periods is completely benign. However, for patients in critical care settings the effects of sleep deprivation can contribute to major complications.
Sleep is divided into two distinctive states, rapid eye movement (REM) and nonREM states. The former is defined by periods of episodic burst of rapid eye movements and the later (NREM) has a set of sub-stages that include for separate phases that can be identified through EEG activation. As an individual progress through the NREM cycles, each cycle last approximately eighty minutes each. Currently available techniques for measuring sleep include polysomnography (PSG), actigraphy, observation, and patient perception. PSG is the best tool for measurement and data collection on sleep, yet this requires expensive equipment and highly trained operators. Furthermore, it...
Because this tool is so difficult to use in this setting, the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) has been proposed as an effective proxy tool to collect data in critical care patients.
Description of the Instrument
The researchers who designed the RCSQ questionnaire were trying to find a valid alternative to the more comprehensive PSG tools since these instruments are simply not feasible in a critical care setting. There are five categories of information that the RCSQ tries to capture. These items are:
1. Sleep Depth
2. Falling Asleep
3. Number of Awakenings
4. Percent of Time Awake
5. Overall Quality of Sleep
The RCSQ items are constructed as visual analogs so that the patients could easily provide answers. To answer the questions the patients need only mark an "X" to the answer they are seeking. The patients' place the "X" on a visual scale in which must the data point must be recorded by measuring the distance of the "X" in millimeters from the low end of the scale. The content included in these categories were constructed by a panel of experts as well as items that were identified in a literature review of Medline articles that were published within the range of 1976 to May of 1999 using the key…
References
Richards, K., O'Sullivan, P., & Phillips, R. (2000). Measurements of Sleep in Critically Ill Patients. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 8(2), 131-140.
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