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Smokers should pay for their own health costs.
Health care costs of smoking are expensive and smoking is reduced more to motivational determinants than to biological factors; the essay, therefore, recommends that smokers pay for their own health costs.
Smokers can abstain from smoking if they wish to. Self-efficacy is essential
"Analysis shows that the intention to stop smoking was dependent not only on the perceived health benefits but also on the subject's confidence that hey would succeed if they tried to stop… When the follow-up data are considered, reported attempts to quitting were strongly related to previously declared intentions " (Eiser et al., 1984, 321)
In a broadly quoted study that was conducted by Eiser and colleagues in 1984, researchers discovered that out of 1848 smokers surveyed, 797 had tried to stop smoking, 709 had reduced their consumption, and 164 had become abstinent. Analysis showed that success in quitting smoking was directly related to smoker's resolutions...
Smoking may not be biological as claimed. Therefore smokers can abstain
"The relationship between smoking and psychiatric status may not be simply a biological one as several sociocultural and economic factors could influence smoking behavior…. As smoking is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality, there is a serious need to review the neurobiological issue of smoking .. considering the influence culture and social practices could have upon the behavior." (Srinivasan & Tara, 2001, 68)
Addiction to smoking has been frequently attributed to biological causes and has, therefore, been said to be indeterminsitic and something that individuals cannot so readily stop without costly medical help. Srinivasan and Tara, (2001) found that patients could and did stop smoking…
Eiser, Pligt, Raw, & Sutton (1985) Trying to stop smoking. Affects of perceived addictions. Journal Behav. Med., 8
Srinivasan, T & Tara, R. (2001) Smoking in schizophrenia -- all is not biological Schizophrenia Research, 56, 67-74
Zohrabian, A & Philipson, TJ (2010) External Costs of Risky Health Behaviors Associated with Leading Actual Causes of Death in the U.S.: A Review of the Evidence and Implications for Future Research
Smoking Instead, much of the money is being spent on other pork-barrel projects. It is time that the government realize that prohibition did not work in the 1920s and 1930s and it will not work any better in the 21st century. Since the smokers pay taxes already, making them pay for other health care costs is simply adding insult to injury by the chief drug pusher of all -- the federal
healthcare costs for smokers are significantly higher than their non-smoking counterparts, and this paper reviews the relevant literature to measure the degree, if any, to which smokers are currently paying their own health care costs. An analysis of the costs that are associated with the second-hand smoke generated by smokers to identify additional costs is followed by a summary of the research and important findings are presented in the
Health Smoking and the Health Care System Smoking causes ischemic heart disease, cancer, stroke, and chronic lower respiratory diseases which are the leading causes of death and disability among adults. Smoking-attributed diseased are an economic burden due not only to health care expenses, but also productivity losses related to disability or early death. ~California Department of Health, 2010 Smoking is a major health hazard, and since nonsmokers are healthier than smokers, it seems only
Benefit Analysis Introduction and Analysis of the Project: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Proposed New Health Warnings on Tobacco Products (Report, 2003) The new regulation introduced in July 2004 to be implemented for all the years till 2030, have significant cost impact on the economy. Certain benefits are also associated with it, the primary ones include health improvement, increased revenues for non-tobacco industry and the decreased healthcare expense. The major costs are related
Evaluation Plan: Outcomes to be Assessed: The primary objective is to see that subjects of the program cease smoking and remain abstinent from tobacco use. This will be the primary outcome to be assessed therefore. Individuals in both the experiment and control groups would be consulted at the six-month juncture and the one year point in order to determine how many among them have remained abstinent from tobacco use in that duration
Wellness Program at Work Wellness programs at work Healthy workforce is a productive workforce (Bray & Bray, 2009). Healthy employees can give more attention to their job responsibilities, work more dedicatedly, and devote themselves whole heartedly to their organization (Duncan, 2008). On the other hand, unhealthy employees are not able to give their best at the workplace due to the negative impacts on their health caused by their unhealthy living habits and