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Spearman and Gardner Intelligence
Spearman's Model of Intelligence and Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theories have both played important roles in modern understanding of intelligence. At the same time, the theories are fundamentally very different. Spearman's model is based on an understanding of intelligence as a single, measurable variable 'g'. In contrast, Gardner sees intelligence as an amalgamation of as many as eight different forms of intelligence. Gardner's model allows for a more fluid understanding of intelligence that takes into consideration cultural differences, while Spearman's model is more rigid and innate.
The study of intelligence is notoriously difficult. In many ways, intelligence is an abstract concept that is composed of a number of different components. It is an internal, mental process that is not truly based in a concrete, objective reality. As such, Spearman and Gardner's attempts at understanding intelligence are both ultimately limited by the very nature of intelligence itself.
Spearman's Model of Intelligence has been widely accepted...
Charles Spearman first formulated his theories on general intelligence in 1904. In his seminal work, he argued that there was a common element that acted as the basis of all other intelligences. This general intelligence is referred to as 'g', while more specific intelligences are described as 's'. In Spearman's two-factor analysis, individuals use 'g' in order to deal with different problems.
Spearman's theory has its roots in the observation that certain individual school children tend to score well in a variety of different subjects, including French, mathematics, and the classics. Thus, he began to consider that a single intelligence governed human intellect, allowing for the similarity in scores across a wide variety of subjects.
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences disagrees with Spearman's assertion that basic intelligence is a single factor that can be measured through intelligence tests. In contrast, Gardner argues that intelligence is an actually made up of several different…
References
Harvard University. Theory of Multiple Intelligences. 06 December 2003. http://www.pz.harvard.edu/sumit/MISUMIT.htm
Spearman, C. (1904.) General Intelligence objectively determined and measured. American Journal Of Psychology, 15, 201-293.
Intelligence is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend ideas and language, and learn (Intelligence). Some researchers such as Charles Spearman have proposed that intelligence is a single quantity or concept, but others such as Howard Gardner assert that intelligence really consists of a set of relatively independent abilities. While there is much debate over the validity of the two theories,
The questions seen on the test prove to be inventive and good quality (Brown YEAR). Although the goal of the test is not to reflect an entire curriculum, it aims at "focus[ing] deliberately on skills and conceptual strategies of knowing rather than upon the content of the knowledge," (Brown YEAR). Thus, the Bristol Tests aim to gauge a student's capabilities of knowledge and methodologies of storing and retaining that
intelligence theories of Charles Spearman and Howard Gardner. There were three sources used to complete this paper. There have been many ideas presented to the world about the theory or intelligence and while some of them have received lukewarm reviews there are two in which the world took a long hard look and decided they might be possible. It is interesting to note that the theories of Charles Spearman and
The standard IQ tests based on the work of Alfred Binet and Lewis Terman are also based on the idea of a single-ability measure of intelligence. Multiple intelligence The idea of a single g factoring intelligence, however, has numerous critics. As early as 1938, psychologist L.L. Thurstone criticized the narrowness of Spearman's model. Thurstone argued that mental abilities such as verbal comprehension, spatial visualization and reasoning were distinct forms of intelligences
He hypothesized that certain parts within the brain could map with certain areas of cognitive functioning, such as social, cognitive, or creative functions. To prove this, Gardner cites cases of brain damage that leads to the loss of some, but not all, cognitive functions. On this basis, one could also say that Spearman's test findings, while all located in the brain, relate to different parts of the brain and
In other words Emotional Intelligence means that the individual is capable of: (1) Accurately perceiving emotions in oneself and others; (2) Uses emotions to facilitate thinking; (3) Understands emotional meanings; and (4) Manages emotions well. This model is referred to as the 'ability' model of emotional intelligence. (Mayer & Salovey, 1997) DANIEL GOLEMAN-PERSONAL & SOCIAL COMPETENCE Daniel Goleman proposed the model of emotional intelligence based on the Personal and Social competencies