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Intelligence is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend ideas and language, and learn (Intelligence). Some researchers such as Charles Spearman have proposed that intelligence is a single quantity or concept, but others such as Howard Gardner assert that intelligence really consists of a set of relatively independent abilities. While there is much debate over the validity of the two theories, Spearman's theory of intelligence is more accepted by psychology today.
According to Spearman's two-factor theory of intelligence, the performance of any intellectual act requires some combination of "g," a general intellectual ability which is available to the same individual to the same degree for all intellectual acts, and of "specific factors" or "s" which are specific to that act and which varies in strength from one act to another (Charles Spearman, Human Intelligence). Spearman concludes that the most important information to determine a person's intellectual ability is an estimate of their "g" because...
Gardner identified seven primary forms: linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial, body-kinesthetic, intrapersonal (e.g., insight, metacognition) and interpersonal (e.g., social skills). Gardner also emphasizes the cultural context of multiple intelligences, stating the different cultures tend to emphasize particular intelligences.
While the definition and importance of intelligence is somewhat controversial, the concept of a single dominant factor of intelligence, general mental ability or "g," is accepted by most psychology experts according to an American Psychological Association task force report issued in 1995. (Gottfredson, 1998). The reason is that there is sufficient psychometric and biological evidence to prove that the "g" factor actually…
Bibliography
Charles Spearman. Human Intelligence. Retrieved January 24, 2005 from Indiana University Web site: http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/spearman.shtml
Gottfredson, L. (1998). Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. Retrieved January 24, 2005 from Web site: http://www.lrainc.com/swtaboo/taboos/apa_01.html
Gottfredson, L. (2004). Intelligence: Is it the epidemiologists' elusive "fundamental cause" of social class inequalities in health?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Vol. 86, No. 1,174-199. Retrieved January 24, 2005 from Web site: http://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/seminars/docs/soc995_04Nov03_2.pdf
Intelligence. Retrieved January 24, 2005 from Web site: http://www.portaljuice.com/intelligence_1.html
Multiple intelligences. Retrieved January 24, 2005 from Theory Into Practice Web site: http://tip.psychology.org/gardner.html
Intelligence Testing Intelligence -- Nature/Nurture Debate In psychological terms, intelligence can be defined as "the general mental ability involved in calculating, reasoning, perceiving relationships and analogies, learning quickly, storing and retrieving information, using language fluently, classifying, generalizing, and adjusting to new situations" ("intelligence," 2013). However, interest in and importance of emotional intelligence has flourished in recent years because of which general and applied psychology has made emotional intelligence a standardized concept (Antonakis,
Intelligence Testing It is often essential to measure the human intelligence so as to provide special attention to the deficient ones. Being an abstract concept it is absurd to think of expressing its magnitude in numbers. However, expressing in terms of imaginary units psychologists could visualize to accord ranks and quantify the intelligence. The intention of measuring intelligence originated ever since the era of Chinese emperors during 2200 BC when it
The severity of mental retardation covers a wide spectrum, as discussed before, and variation in ability of individuals within this spectrum is wide (Tammi, 2006). In order to understand and to assist such persons, it is important to know the category in which they fall and the possible causes of the condition. In most cases, a little psychological instability leads to a mental retardation and therefore psychological interventions can
Sometimes, it is even necessary to carry out certain clandestine operations like deceptions, clandestine collection of information, covert actions, and also the carrying out of the exercise of distributing disinformation or misleading information, which would mislead the suspected threat. The United States Intelligence Community is, as stated earlier, made up a number of different agencies. The Central Intelligence Agency is one of these. Also known popularly as the CIA, this
Vocational training can help place within the adolescent mind the strategies they will need to adapt to life as an adult. Further research is needed within the field of adolescents with the condition. According to research, "Unfortunately, most psychiatrists are ill-equipped to handle this situation, having received little or no formal training in this area," (Sebastian 2008). Therefore, more research can only open up new information to psychiatrists and physicians
Hughes proceeded to institute a system of "Confusing Military Structures," the www.CDNMilitary.casitecontinues. Battlefront unites were "constantly formed, disbanded, reformed and disbanded again"; and as though that wasn't enough, the Ross Rifle issue was another problem that Hughes' legacy is left with, according to the site. One army driver is quoted as saying, "To hell with the [Ross Rifle]. I'll take a club." In fact, Ross did not fully understand why