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In other words, p values correspond to statistical significance, while NNT corresponds to clinical significance. In clinical trials, statistical validity reflects the theoretical basis of the study, with hypotheses being formulated and quantified in terms of likelihood. Clinical significance is concerned with the practical outcome of trials, and with the results of actual treatment and how this relates to the hypotheses that are proven or void.
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In nursing practice, both statistical and clinical significance play an important role in research. In practice, however, it is clinical significance that should have the greatest impact upon nursing practice. Clinical significance provides actual data from research conducted to determine such effects. It concerns the outcome of trials, while statistical significance is more concerned with determining new research and the likelihood of success before trials have been conducted.
Indeed, Davidson notes that an advantage of NNT is the format of its results -- resulting from clinical trials upon human subjects, they can be easily related to the human patients...
A focus on NNT help clinicians to make more critical decisions when it comes to administering therapy.
It must also be taken into consideration however that NNT by itself cannot provide a complete picture of the situation or condition in question. Other determinants such as relative risk reduction, absolute risk, and indeed the p value should remain part of the study. Furthermore, the hypothesis formation stage of statistical significance is important to determine the importance of conducting certain studies over others. In terms of general importance for the practical rigors of nursing, however, clinical significance is of most importance, as it concerns the actual effects of therapy.
References
Davidson, Richard a. (1994) Does it Work or Not?: Clinical vs. Statistical Significance. Chest, Vol. 106, No. 3. Retrieved from http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/106/3/932.long
Kain, Z.N. (2005, Nov.) the Legend of the P. Value. Anesthesia & Analgesia, Vol. 101, No. 5. Retrieved from http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/101/5/1454.full
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