a-to-C equation (Action-to-Characteristics)
The a-to-C equation: The profiling debate
The A-to-C equation (actions-to-characteristics) model is a critical component of investigative psychology, without which effective police investigating would be extremely difficult. The A-to-C equation presumes that certain crimes and certain crime scenes are more likely to be associated with criminals that possess certain types of characteristics vs. others. For example, serial killers tend to be male rather than female; gang-related activities associated with certain street gangs, based upon location and also gang symbolism tend to be the products of specific gangs (which often have members with very specific ethnic characteristics). The model is far from foolproof, but when the police are beginning with very few viable leads, such A-to-C profiling can help. Rapists and arsonists also often have very specific characteristics, depending on the subtype of these types of crimes and the specifics of the crime scene (Douglas 1986: 402).
There are certain problems with the presumptions of the A-to-C equation of course. First of...
Literature Review 1. The dilemma of Obesity Mokdad et al., (1999) in his study found that the issue of unhealthy weight, overweight and obesity are perhaps one of the rising concerns for the Americans in the 21st century as more and more U.S. citizens become vulnerable to the circumstantial risks and dangers of the phenomenon (Mokdad et al., 1999). It is usually the body mass indexes (BMI) that indicate whether a person
An act, the purpose of which was the elimination of prejudice and the provision of equal opportunity for all, could not possibly have been endorsing the setting up of a new system of reverse discrimination. To select applicants solely on the basis of their racial background is to deny the opportunity of others on the basis of their racial background. Under the plan advocated by the Journal for Blacks
Multicultural education researchers and educators agree that preservice teachers' attitudes, beliefs, and understandings are important: foci in multicultural education coursework (Cochran-Smith, 1995; Grant & Secada, 1990; McDiarmid & Price, 1993; Pohan, 1996). Teacher attitudes and beliefs influence teaching behaviors, which affect student learning and behavior (Wiest, 1998)." 1996 study used 492 pre-service teachers to try and gauge the attitudes and beliefs among the group when it came to understanding diversity and
2.5. Limitations of the study At the level of the limitations, these refer to the usage of secondary information, as opposed to the collection of primary data through the direct analysis of the Chinese market. This limitation is nevertheless addressed through the integration of multiple sources of valid and verifiable information, leading as such to the creation of solid, relevant and reliable findings. The second limitation is one common to all research
Spotlighting Samplings 4 Qualitative Research Research Choices 6 the Phenomenology Method The Ethnography Method DEPTH Four Qualitative Approach Comparison Strengths and Critiques of Case Studies "A research design indicates the full research process from conceptualization of the research problem, generation of data, analysis and interpretation of findings, and dissemination of results" (Magilvy & Thomas, 2009, What and Why… Section, ¶ 4). The Question of Interest What type of research design should the researcher use? To answer the study's critical research
6. The rabbits will never die. The question was how many male/female rabbit pairs will be there after a year or 12 months? When the experiment begun, there is a single pair of rabbits. After duration of one month, the two rabbits have mated though they have not given birth. As a result; there is still only a single pair of rabbits. After duration of two months, the initial pair of rabbits will give
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