Sign Up Now
Get instant access to over 1 million+ study documents
OR
Already registered? click here to login
By creating your account, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and student honor code.
Worldwide, the distribution pattern of WNV is mainly found in the northern, eastern and southern regions of Africa, parts of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, and South Asia. On a global scale, mortality rate of diseases caused by WNV human infection could range from 2.4% to as high as 47% (Bourne, 2011). In the United States, CDC reports its latest (2011) data showing that there have been a total of 432 WNV infections reported as of October 2011. Sixty-seven percent of this reported human infections are neuroinvasive cases (encephalitis / meningitis), while about 5% resulted to death. Across states, California has the most number of cases of WNV human infection at 87 cases (20%), followed by Mississippi as far second (46 cases, or 11% of total reported cases). The prevalence of WNV human infection in these states reflects the virus' characteristic as thriving in tropical / temperate regions. CDC has not published any reported case of WNV human infection in Oklahoma as of October 2011, indicating that among the U.S. states, the distribution pattern of the virus and diseases resulting from its infection are potentially not prevalent in the state at all (taking into account the fact that among U.S. states, only Hawaii, Alaska and Oregon do not report "WNV human, bird, veterinary or mosquito activity" since 1999 (Mostashari et. al., 1999).
Population at risk of WNV infection are found to be the elderly, indicating that "something associated with older age results in a higher risk for development...
Reported cases of laboratory workers on infectious disease are also known to be at risk of WNV human infection. Populations living in tropical or temperate regions reported to have prevalent WNV human infection, such as parts of Eastern Europe, Africa, and Central and South Asia, are also identified as at-risk populations.
As per CDC regulations, mandated prevention and control for WNV infection is to implement an integrated mosquito management program. This includes heightened larval mosquito surveillance, virus surveillance, water management and lastly, health education and public information about WNV infection in susceptible and at-risk populations (CDC, 2003).
References
Bourne, D. (2011). "West Nile Virus Disease." Available at: http://usgs.wildlifeinformation.org/List_Vols/westnile/Disease_WNVInfection/04WNVMortality.html
"Epidemic/Epizootic West Nile Virus in the United States: Guidelines for Surveillance, Prevention and Control." (2003). Center for Disease Control (CDC) Website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/resources/wnv-guidelines-aug-2003.pdf#page=47
Mostashari, F., Bunning, M. And Kitsutani, P. (1999). "Epidemic West Nile Encephalitis: Results of a household-based seroseroepidemiological survey." In Lancet 2001; 358. Center for Disease Control Website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/surv&controlCaseCount11_detailed.htm
The Zika virus has come to the United States. A virus from the Flaviviridae, is spread via the A. albopictus or A. aegypti mosquitoes that feed and transmit the virus to humans during feeding. Related to the West Nile, yellow fever, and dengue viruses, it spread eastward and eventually made its way to the Americas where it created the 2015-16 Zika virus epidemic. While the virus itself does little to
LD50 values are not always given on the pesticide label; rather, the relative toxicity of a pesticide product is exposed by one of three signal words: DANGER, WARNING, or CAUTION. The rationale for signal words is to alert the user to the level of toxicity of the product. The signal word is usually assigned based on the pesticide's inhalation, oral or dermal toxicity, whichever is the most toxic" (Lethal
Disease Prevention Strategies For as long as human beings have fallen ill and succumbed to the ravages of disease, society has struggled to comprehend the invisible menace of microbial germs. The spread of infectious disease from person to person, from home to home, and within entire communities, has always wreaked havoc on humanity, and the field of medicine has struggled to counter the consequences of passable infections. From the Black Death
Public Health Care Agency and Contribution to Core Functions of Public Health The objective of this study is to examine a public health agency and its contribution to the core functions of public health. The public health agency chosen in this study is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also known as the CDC for short states its mission as being that of collaborating
Health care concerns related to global climate change Increased exposure to vectors that transmit Zika, West Nile virus, or malaria Scientific research has proven that climate change affects the health of mankind. The impact on health varies in line with the immunity of the humans in question and the local environmental conditions (Paz, 2015). One significant effect of climate change is the spread of vector-borne diseases such as West Nile virus (WNV),
Nursing organizations have a tremendous impact on the profession and on the good of society. When nurses begin their practice after graduation, many of them are well aware that they are responsible for their own professional development. Joining a nursing organization is the best way to dedicate oneself seriously and realistically to one’s professional development since these entities have such a strong focus on continuing education and shaping society for