Land Essays (Examples)

Land Use Terms

Land Use

The author of this response is asked to define a few terms. There are three terms in total and all of them relate to land use and land rights in some manner or form and how personal land ownership rights are juxtaposed against that of a land owner or a government that wishes to take ownership of land for public use, the latter of which is commonly known as eminent domain.

Allodial Title

The definition of allodial title is the ownership of property such as land and/or buildings. The ownership has to be free of any higher power over the land such as a landlord or other leasing power. In other words, the land has to be entirely owned and otherwise legally held by the part that has allodial title over the land and/or property. This is in contrast to land that is subject to…

Leopold further asserted that human beings were not superior to others in their ecological system since every one has an important role to play especially the land. The idea that "The Whole informs the part" was also critical to understanding Leopold's land ethic. The author maintains that man needs to understand and appreciate the other members of the universe in order to determine his place in it. The one important lesson that land ethic seeks to instill in the reader is that "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise." In short, Leopold wants us to develop a relationship with land and nurture it the way we nurture all other relations. The bond between man and land should be based on appreciate, admiration, care and respect.

eference

The Land Ethic" from Leopold, A…

Reference

The Land Ethic" from Leopold, A Sand County Almanac, Oxford University Press, 194

The wealthy mine operator has a good reason to pretend he doesn't get Leopold.

This is the root of the problem with Leopold's idea: it requires people to think too much against their natural tendencies. It is the natural tendency of essentially every other creature on Earth to find a niche and stay put, being constrained from unlimited growth by predators and the availability of food and water. This is not the case for human beings. Humans, gifted with brains capable of fine ideas such as Leopold's, nevertheless have a quite different propensity from other creatures; our unspoken policy is one of continuous expansion. Whether through nature or nurture, our inclination is toward exploration, exploitation, and accumulation.

This is what Leopold is up against. To be practical, his land ethic would require a change of heart in every human being in the world, and it would have to be a…

his dilemma brings the Kelo case to the forefront of public policy debate.

he Kelo case involved "New London, a city in Connecticut, using its eminent domain authority to seize private property to sell to private developers. he city said developing the land would create jobs and increase tax revenues" Oyez.org. 2005). he plaintiffs contended that the takings by the city were not designed for public use but rather private gain. In the Supreme Court's decision the majority answered that the taking was for economic development which would benefit the community as a whole and as such "the Fifth Amendment did not require "literal" public use, but the "broader and more natural interpretation of public use as 'public purpose'" (Oyez.org. 2005). he decision significantly broadens the interpretation of what public officials can designate public use and calls into question to what extent private properties can be taken for "just compensation."…

The Kelo case involved "New London, a city in Connecticut, using its eminent domain authority to seize private property to sell to private developers. The city said developing the land would create jobs and increase tax revenues" Oyez.org. 2005). The plaintiffs contended that the takings by the city were not designed for public use but rather private gain. In the Supreme Court's decision the majority answered that the taking was for economic development which would benefit the community as a whole and as such "the Fifth Amendment did not require "literal" public use, but the "broader and more natural interpretation of public use as 'public purpose'" (Oyez.org. 2005). The decision significantly broadens the interpretation of what public officials can designate public use and calls into question to what extent private properties can be taken for "just compensation."

The fact that urban renewal projects require significant public investment and tax dollars underscores the significant policy issues associated with eminent domain and private property transfer from one owner to another. In theory any proposed urban renewal or revitalization project could be construed as beneficial to the public at large however, the immediate economic benefits would flow to the private firms who are in receipt of the transfer, and "homes, small businesses, and other properties would be razed in favor of high-profile private developments" (Lehavi, a. & Licht, a. 2007). Invariably "this situation would leave landowners with minimal compensation based on the pre-project objective land values" (Lehavi, a. & Licht, a. 2007).

In addition to the ramifications of "public use" the other significant development concern is the possibility of gentrification of the

The Economic Development Council is an organization that is helping business to relocate to McLean Country through a number of programs to include: providing vision / direction, recruiting / developing new businesses, improving the community and providing oversight / investor relations. ("About EDC," 2010) While the loomington Historic Preservation Commission is helping to restore a number of areas that are vital for redevelopment efforts. These different elements are important, because they are highlighting how both organizations are: encouraging economic growth and redevelopment throughout the region. Over the course of time, these various programs are addressing the needs of the community, by ensuring that a diverse amount of employers are located in the city.

When you step back and analyze the different efforts, it is clear that they are helping to support future economic development, by establishing a foundation of support. This is important, because when businesses and residents are relocating…

Bibliography

2008 Bloomington Demographic Profile (2008). City of Bloomington. Retrieved from: http://www.cityblm.org/library/sitewide/pdfs/demographics2008.pdf

About the City. (2010). City of Bloomington. Retrieved from: http://www.cityblm.org/page.asp?show=section&id=2717

About EDC. (2020). Economic Development Commission. Retrieved from:  

In Don DeLilo's hite Noise, the relationship between humanity and the environment in discussed in light of the television news coverage of catastrophes, and this discussion demonstrates the kind of hyper-conservation emergent as a result of the modern media environment. In particular, hite Noise enacts a prediction made by Aldo Leopold in his essay "The Land Ethic," by showing how the dominance of the television has created a divide between humanity and the land, to the point that the environment as represented onscreen has little mental connection to the environment of the viewer. As a result of this, even natural disasters have become commodified, so that "conservation" takes the form of film recording, because according to the novel, disasters only have value when they can be seen and broadcast across the world. In effect, hite Noise demonstrates how the specific lack of a land ethic in modern American culture has…

Works Cited

DeLilo, Don. White Noise. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 1985. Print.

Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press,

1949. Retrieved from

00

Leasable area (75%)

3,540,000.00

Occupancy (80%)

2,832,000.00

Gross Rental Rev, 1st year, sq ft

Net rental rev / sq ft (75%)

Net rental revenue (?)

669,060,000

Cap rate

0.075

All in cost

8,920,800,000

Land price estimate (30%)

2,676,240,000

This gives a return in the first year of 7.5%, which is higher than on the other HLP projects -- these range from 5.7% to 6.7%.

The calculation is highly sensitive to the rent. If rents are at the low end (similar to Wuxi and Shenyan 66, the other two massive projects) then the value of the property is around? 1.44 billion, roughly 46% lower than the current estimate. If rents are at Jinan levels, then the value of the property is around ?2.2 billion. HLP needs to feel comfortable with the high-end revenue estimate. Given the strong economic growth in Chengdu and its status as a major regional center not…

Ferrey, S. (2010). he Failure of international global warming regulation to promote needed renewable energy. Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 37(1), 67-126. Retrieved from GreenFILE database.

Ferrey's article reviews international standards for global warming reduction and claims that the current regulations and suggestions do not address the need for renewable energies. he work claims that without this aspect of the regulations and suggestions being adopted by the Kyoto protocols the plan will ultimately not answer for this significant need, which could in part be why the U.S. did not sign the Kyoto protocols. Currently the researcher claims the system only offers limitations for fossil fuel consumption but does not offer or mandate significant interests in renewable energy sources and therefore is only a one sided mandate system. his then leaves all the answers to these questions entirely up to the nations involved. hese nations are left with the burden…

Taylor discusses a dark issue in the production of renewable energy technology. The work illuminates the issue of the lack of transparency in the production of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels and stresses that the production produces many toxic chemicals that were not produced by more expensive solar technology. Taylor stresses that the U.S. needs to take the lead in creating transparency in the production of more cost effective solar technology and the industry needs to self-regulate and come up with answers to the toxicity of its processes. Taylor suggests that the switch over to PV solar panel production occurred almost exclusively based on the desire to build systems that were more cost effective for consumers or even investors but that in rushing to production the industry failed to implement technology and account for the increase in toxic byproducts. Taylor contends that cost effective solar panels are paramount especially to individuals investing in personal use technology and to increase investment potential for larger scale operations but that the PV producing companies need to implement tougher standards and invest in research that could mitigate toxic waste byproducts. This work offers a good example of the potential risk associated with rushing to production for the wrong reasons. Though the companies answered an important call for less expensive solar technology they are doing so at a cost that needs to be resolved.

Traviss, N., Thelen, B., Ingalls, J., & Treadwell, M. (2010). Biodiesel vs. Diesel: A Pilot Study Comparing Exhaust Exposures for Employees at a Rural Municipal Facility. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 60(9), 1026-1033. doi:10.3155/1047-3289.60.9.1026.

Traviss, Thelen, Ingall, & Treadwell discuss the common switch from petroleum-based diesel to bio-deisel among many organizations and especially municipalities. The switch though fully supported by the public and the government needs to be addressed from a public health perspective. This work compares the exhaust exposures of municipal workers working with either petroleum or biodiesel use areas. The work measured particulate matter and other air toxins at a recycling center in a comparison between first petroleum diesel and then 20%-80% blend of soy-based biodiesel. This was then taken as a litmus to occupational exposure using standard methods for this conversion. The results indicate that the biodiesel blend significantly reduced particulate matter and formaldehyde gas in the air while volatile organic compounds showed variable changes between the two forms, with some being higher in the petroleum alone test sample and others being higher in the blend test sample. The study concludes that biodiesel overall produced far less risk through environmental exposure to known toxic matter for workers and supports the idea that such a transition is both useful and responsive to health and environmental concerns. The researchers also stress the need for further testing in this area including higher concentrations of biodiesel in the blend and possibly other feedstock derived biodiesel to determent potential health risk for individual workers.

This increased profitability of any REIT is an incredibly attractive feature to many smaller (and larger) investors when it comes to publicly traded REITs, as this allows for the direct profits of real estate earnings to be transferred to shareholders as dividends (and indirectly in increased stock value/equity) without requiring these investors to endure any of the hassle of real estate ownership. Public trading and ownership also allows for much faster capital growth and thus real estate holding growth, meaning that publicly traded REITs can grow much faster than private corporations and thus would easily -- and as history has shown, did easily -- grow to dominate the real estate ownership landscape in the United States.

Drawbacks to public ownership, of course, do exist. When compared to private corporations, public companies must keep a stricter eye on the short- and medium-term bottom line. There are also more owners and thus…

O Pioneers

Land is the central motif of illa Cather's O Pioneers! Land becomes a symbol of personal and political empowerment, and it also connects past, present, and future as land is transferred through multiple generations. Land is more than just an "image in the mind" for central characters like Alexandra. Land is linked to identity, family, and livelihood. However, land does serve a symbolic as well as a practical role for all the characters. Land is much more than ground beneath the feet; land is the lens through which the characters view the world. For instance, land helps measure the passage of time: "he years seemed to stretch before her like the land; spring, summer, autumn, winter, spring; always the same patient fields, the patient little trees," (Part IV, Chapter 5). Land serves an almost religious function for Elizabeth, who had "believed in the land" just as her father…

Work Cited

Cather, Willa. O Pioneers! Project Gutenberg eBook. Available online:  http://www.gutenberg.org/files/24/24-h/24-h.htm

Cronin must use the words of European observers and attempt to glean the facts about Native American behavior behind the tone of judgmental prose. Cronin admits that some of his history is impressionistic, to some degree, given that the hard data about the ecology of the Americas is not available to him, as even extant documents did not contain the meticulous detail he might have liked about the native land (Cronin 179).

For example, in attempting to demonstrate how the Indian methods of growing were more sustainable, Cronin quotes a European traveler who was shocked by the apparent scattered diversity of Indian methods of planting crops, versus orderly European monoculture (Cronin 50). By not having a monoculture system, however, the Indian methods did not deplete the soil to the same degree as the Europeans. The benefits of diversity also yielded better nutrition. However, monoculture systems of agriculture are typical of…

Work Cited

Cronin, William. Changes in the land: Indians, colonists, and the ecology of New England.

Hill & Wang, 2003.

Additionally, policy makers and politicians have to take into account the viewpoints and sensitivities of their constituencies given that voters are most certainly impacted by transportation developments as residents, motorists, commuters, and taxpayers. Unpopular projects pushed through over vocal protests will very likely produce a backlash at the ballot box. Indeed, promoting a particular transportation project can be a political campaign in and of itself.

Similarly, paying for city transportation projects is a political endeavor because it involves utilizing the public funds. Project financing can come from many different sources. There are user fees such as vehicle registration fees, fuel taxes, and public transit fares; non-user funds including property, sales, and income or payroll taxes; special benefit fees such as traffic impact fees, service charges, and tax increment financing; debt financing such as bonds; private financing like developer funding and negotiated investments; and special revenue streams such as a lottery…

References

Benz, G.P. (1999). Financial and economic considerations. In J.D. Edwards (Ed.),

Transportation planning handbook (2nd ed.) (pp.239-338). Washington, D.C.: Institute of Transportation Engineers.

Patriksson, M. (1994). Traffic assignment problems: Models and methods. Utrecht: VSP

International Science.

he process shows why silk is so expensive, because it is a very time consuming process.

I did not know that silk was such an ancient enterprise, and that was very interesting. It made me wonder how people first discovered the process and the actual silk fiber, and then how to weave it into cloth. It would be interesting if there were some history that described how they figured it out. I would like to find that in a Web site or other source, but there does not seem to be information available on that topic. It was also interesting to learn about the vast number of mulberry trees that were necessary to keep the industry running. I did not know that silkworms ate so much, or had to eat so many times during the day. We take silk for granted today, but it is a complicated process, and this…

This is a good site because it follows silk through the ages, and talks about it today, too, including how silk fabric is actually made.

 http://www.squidoo.com/history-of-silk 

I really like this site because it combines history with information on how silk is actually made. It includes photos of the actual silk thread, silkworms, and includes information on alternatives to silk, which is nice for the silkworms.

Yet they were still not the smartest nation. So they sent out an ambassador to look all over the land for the best way to become the smartest and most knowledgeable state. After traveling for several days, the ambassador came across a boy who was standing on his head and reciting the alphabet and time table. He had a big medal on his chest saying, "The Best." The ambassador was so impressed he did not ask the boy why he was doing this and did not find out it was for the Book of Guinness Records. The ambassador could not wait until he returned and told everyone the trick to being "The Best." Within one week every boy and girl from kindergarten to seniors in college were taught how to stand on their heads for the whole day while they recited all the data they had learned. Everyone in "Whatisit?"…

They are so much into the material gains of this world that they forget what the religion that they are preaching teaches. Muhammad lived a simple life where he never accumulated any wealth. There would be days when his household would not have any food to eat. Whatever money he would get from the booty of the wars, he would distribute it among the poor rather than accumulating it. Another remarkable quality of this leader was the simplicity with which he lived his life. He would mend his own shoes, repair his own clothes, and also indulged in normal household work. With the spread of Islam Muhammad was like the king of Arabia yet he possessed absolutely nothing and lived like a normal man in a small house. He never built any palaces nor spent wealth to buy the luxuries of life. Amazingly enough he would even sit on the…

changes brought about by the Land Registration Act 2002, with particular focus on adverse possession, do enough to protect purchasers from overriding interests?

Interests in land that cannot be registered as separate titles are either overriding interests or interests which need protection on the register. Overriding interests are enforceable without being protected on the register and bind a registered proprietor and his transferee despite the fact he does not know of their existence. This means overriding interests effectively detract from the principle that the register should be a mirror of the title. Under the old regime of the Land Registration Act 1925, overriding interests were listed in section 70 (1) which states these to be "all incumbrances, interests, rights, and power not entered on the register but subject to which dispositions are to take effect."

If however, an overriding interest appears on the register (as in Re Dance Way, West…

Miscellaneous interests

There are five categories of overriding interests that have been grouped together under a miscellaneous heading under Schedule 1 paragraphs 10-14 of the 2002 Act. These are rare, of ancient origins and not always easy to discover. They have maintained their overriding interest in the same way as under the Land Registration Act 1925 and are as follows, a franchise, a manorial right, a right to rent which was reserved to the Crown on the granting of any freehold estate (whether or not the right continues to be vested in the Crown), a non-statutory right n relation to an embankment or sea or river wall, and a right to payment in lieu of tithe (corn rents).

Maintaining these miscellaneous items as overriding interests had been thought unpopular, but the Law

Land Development

The problem that is discussed in this document and which requires a public policy solution is land development. In virtually every country, state, province, and city, there are always adamant partisans who are either for or against land development. Generally speaking, those who tend to favor developing land are those who are pro-business. Those who tend to side towards land conservation are typically environmentalists. Still, this problem is a fairly common one that will require a solution -- and frequently more than one solution -- from the public sector to help set guidelines about where exactly the private one ends and the public one begins in relation to the usage of land.

The research article that is pro-conservation and anti-land development is by Santos et al. It is entitled "The push and pull of land use policy: reconstructing 150 years of development and conservation land acquisition." The crux…

References

Santos, M.J., Watt, T., Pinceti, S. (2014). The push and pull of land use policy: reconstructing 150 years of development and conservation land acquisition. PLOS One. 9(7), 1-9.

Ye, L., Wu, A. (2014). Urbanization, land development and land financing: evidence from Chinese city." Journal of Urban Affairs. 36(1), 354-368.

New York City's zoning laws as a principle means of regulating land use.

Use four relevant sources of information.

Through zoning, a city regulates building size, population density and the way land is used. Zoning recognizes the changing demographic and economic conditions of the city and is a key tool for carrying out planning policy.

Land Use and Zoning

Red

What public purpose does zoning attempt to serve?

New York City enacted the nation's first comprehensive zoning resolution in 1916 and continues to be a leader in zoning policy in the United tates. Zoning really helps shape a city. The main purpose of zoning is to regulate the way land is used, to control population density and to have some type of control on building size.

New York City's Department of Planning is responsible for implementing the zoning regulations. In order to effectively carry out the concepts identified by the…

Sources

http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us.Department of City Planning. General Information. http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us.Department of City Planning. Press Release. November 15, 2002

Reducing the Cost of NYC Housing. http://www.law.nyu.edu.1999.

Negotiating the Regulatory Maze." NYC Small Business Center.

Landbridges

Defining a landbridge is a matter of understanding how land masses are formed and where they can be found. A landbridge is a tract of land that is sometimes submerged by the ocean, and sometimes it's not. As this is a fluid situation, the tract of land at times is large enough to accommodate migration between the two larger bodies of land between which it is located, and sometimes it is so small as to be non-existent. The fluidity involved is based upon ocean waves and the depth of the ocean as it ebbs and flows. Because the ebbs and flows of the ocean change so slowly, the resulting landbridge usually changes just as slowly.

There are a number of notable landbridges including the Beringia Straits that in centuries gone by connected North America and Asia. The Sinai Peninsula connected Asia and Europe, and the Isthmus of Panama connects…

Works Cited

Bronken Eidesen, P.; Carlsen, T.; Molau, U.; Brochmann, C.; (2007) Repeatedly out of Beringia: Cassiope tetragona embraces the Arctic, Journal of Biogeography, Vol. 34, Issue 9, pp. 1559-1574

Smith, B.T.; Amei, A.; Klicka, J.; (2012) Evaluating the role of contracting and expanding rainforest in initiating cycles of speciation across the Isthmus of Panama, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 279, Issue 1742, pp. 3520-3526

Contract Law

The author of this report is asked to look at the case study of ami and his impatience related to selling his property in New York City. The questions that will be answered include whether a contract was formed, whether the buyer (Fahd) can get his deposit returned, whether Fahd can sue for damages based on common law tort, whether Fahd can due for the common laws of contract, the implications from the Conveyancing Act of 1919 and some counterpoints to all of the above based on the totality of the facts and circumstances. While there are some factors that may end up cooking Fahd's proverbial goose, ami was grossly negligent and fraudulent in the way the house was listed and sold and this was despite being told straight away that he should not act in such a way.

Analysis

For a couple of reasons, there would seem…

References

Australia. (2015). Legislation.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 15 March 2015, from  http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/fullhtml/inforce/act+66+2002+FIRST+0+N#pt.3-div.5-sec.51 

Australia. (2015). Legislation.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 15 March 2015, from  http://www.legislation.nsw.gov.au/inforcepdf/1919-6.pdf?id=eef4196d-ae4e-ea7d-e25b-ed739569861d

It is argued that while land tenure data can be instrumental in addressing land-related conflicts, much of the practical value is lost because of inconsistency of information and because information is not readily accessible, or cannot be combined to allow for greater depth of analysis. In practice, this means that policy-makers cannot make immediate use of the information that is available because additional time and expense are required either to collect additional information or to verify the validity and accuracy of existing information.

This article is a report of a short-term study commissioned by the FAO Land Tenure Service to review and analyse Thailand's land tenure data. The objectives can be divided into five major areas, namely: (i) to identify how and why the collection of selected land tenure data in Thailand can be valuable to policy-makers; (ii) to review and assess the current status of collection of land tenure…

Bibliography

BOOKS

NEWSPAPERS

AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES INCREASE RETURNS." The Kentucky Post (Covington, KY), April 26, 2004.

Akkad, Dania."Produce Safety Measure Approved: Marketing agreement allows flexibility." Monterey County Herald (Monterey, CA), February 8, 2007.

Canada Land Management

World Wildlife Fund: Canada Land Use and Management

Land management is a critical environmental issue for any nation that wants to honestly preserve its resources. Canada, in many ways, has done better than most other nations (for example, the Canadian government has not had the historical problems that the United States has had with this issue), but there have been problems that the government has not been able to properly manage. Thus, there needs to be some way to effectively manage these resources so that people and nature can coexist in a more harmonious way.

One method used that has worked in recent years is to allow certain organizations, that have conservationist goals, the ability to help manage natural resources within the country. World Wildlife Fund -- Canada is an organization whose sole focus is assisting the animals of the planet through conservation efforts. The main thrust…

References

Belfontaine, T., Haley, J., & Cantin, B. (2010). Exploring the role of the Canadian government in integrated land management. PRI Publication: Sustainable Development. Retrieved March 27, 2012 from http://www.horizons.gc.ca/doclib/2010-0038-eng.pdf

Bickis, L.M.B. (2008). Improving strategy for the Canadian wildlife service: A comparative study with the parks Canada agency and the department of fisheries and oceans. University of Waterloo (Canada)). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses,  http://search.proquest.com/docview/304811361?accountid=11233 

Canadian Council of Forest Ministers. (2010). Integrated forest land use planning. Retrieved March 27, 2012 from  http://www.sfmcanada.org/english/pdf/LandPlan_FS_Eng.pdf 

Dearden, P., & Dempsey, J. (2004). Protected areas in Canada: Decade of change. Canadian Geographer, 48(2), 225-239.  http://search.proquest.com/docview/228314163?accountid=11233

Scarce Land in Hong Kong

Land, capital, labour and entrepreneurship constitute the four factors of production. These are referred to as factors of production because people need them in their economic production ventures. Hong Kong, like many fast growing cities with vast population, is running short of land. In fact, it is already, a scarce resource. Problems such as insufficient housing are all due partly to the scarcity of land. Land is also required for public infrastructure and commercial structures. When land is scarce as it is in Hong Kong, it is the people who bear the brunt of high prices for housing. This is an indirect tax on land. Businesses face high costs of operation. It also becomes hard to put up critical infrastructure (So, 2014).

The land matter has been sensitive since the colonial days. Laurence Wong, the president and founder of Many Wells Property Agent Ltd. says…

Railroad Land Grants: Economically Justified?

The American government's land grant policy and provision of subsidies to private railroad companies in the nineteenth century has been the subject of much discussion by historians and economists alike. However, few writers have examined the economic issues involved in the subsidies in detail, leading at times to the wrong conclusions. Lloyd J. Mercer, a rofessor of Economics at the University of California (Santa Barbara) is one of the select few who have attempted to carry out an economic analysis of the land-grants policy in order to determine whether the policy was economically justified and socially beneficial. This paper summarizes the professor's article Land Grants to American Railroads: Social Cost or Social Benefit (1969) by identifying the main thoughts of the author followed by a critical analysis of what he has suggested in the article.

Summary

rofessor Mercer disagrees with the commonly held view of…

Perhaps, due to the reason that economics is not an exact science, the economic theories and analysis of economists often suffer from the personal political leanings of the economist. For example, if an economist is a "leftist" he would tend to favor social welfare and economic equality through his work while a proponent of laissez faire economy would tend to justify minimal government interference in the market through his work. Professor Mercer's analysis of the railroad land grants too seems to suffer from such a bias as he justifies the land grants and subsidies as a profitable deal for the public while ignoring the unsavory aspects of the issue such as price fixing, illegal kickbacks, real estate speculation, tax evasion et al. By the big business interests.

The Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is the discount rate at which the Present Value (PV) of the annual stream of earnings minus the investment costs over the life of the project is zero

See Railroads & Clearcuts Campaign Website [http://www.landgrant.org/]

Bean and Land's End: The Impact Of Internet Sales

In 1911, when Leon Leonwood Bean grew tired of wet, leaky boots, he experimented with various remedies and came up with the Maine Hunting Shoe, a boot with rubber soles and feet and leather uppers. To sell his new product, he opened a mail-order store, L.L. Bean, in 1912, targeting recreational hunters in Maine identified via a mailing list supplied by Maine's hunting license bureau. Little did Mr. Bean realize or dream that some 90 years later, his famous boots would be selling in Japan via something called the Internet. In 1995, the descendents of Mr. Bean established a web presence for the traditional retail mail order company. Similarly, Lands' End, another traditional catalogue apparel company launched its business on the web in 1995. It is the thesis of this paper that L.L. Bean and Lands' End internet sales have impacted…

References

Cooper, L. (1996). Webbing for dollar. Communications Week Interactive (13 January 1996). [Online]. Found at http://www.internetwk.com/cwi/pages/011397/645web.htm.

Cullen, L. & Szczesny, J. (2002). Have it your way. Time (12/23/2002), Vol. 160, Issue 26, 42-44.

Hill, K. (2002). Customer satisfaction paves way for E-tail success. CRM Daily (3 December 2002). [Online].

Found at  http://www.crmdaily.com/perl/story/20137.html .

. The state gives tax incentives for the creation and restoration of private wetlands and riparian zones, and the state's "Acres for Wildlife" program encourages farmers to take land out of production for the benefit of wildlife (Arkansas, 2007).

Environmental Concerns During Construction

Environmental issues are accounted for in planning and in the granting of permits, usually on the basis of an Environmental Assessment (EA) as required by law. During construction, the provisions of such a statement are to be followed to the satisfaction of city, state, and federal agencies charged with monitoring such issues, depending on the type of construction and jurisdictional considerations.

Public Participation

Public participation is encouraged during the hearings held by the Little ock Planning Commission in deciding on permits requested by developers and others or by the zoning agency if a variance is sought. The public may also participate in a similar manner when new…

References

Arkansas (2007). New Mexico Center for Wildlife Law. Retrieved December 16, 2007 at http://ipl.unm.edu/cwl/statbio/arkansas.html.

City of Little Rock (2007). Retrieved December 16, 2007 at  http://www.littlerock.org/ .

Planning (2005). City of Little Rock. Retrieved December 16, 2007 at  

Furthermore, safety risks to residents should be calculated in terms of safeguarding and cleaning costs. If a safety risk is perceived, it is likely that the value of any new housing will diminish, and that the risk of law suits as a result of health issues may arise. This may eventually detract from the profit that is possible from the project.

There are thus three things that need to be taken into consideration and calculated carefully prior to buying the land. The first is the extent to which the land has been cleared of all waste, hazardous or otherwise. Furthermore the steps to be taken prior to building need to be assessed. If such steps are costly, the cost should be calculated against the buying price of the land. The same is true of worker and inhabitant safety. If the safety of construction workers in terms of training and equipment…

In Rowson's version he mimics Eliot in the sense that his comic book is part satirical, it is pessimistic, and it is told in fragments, as well. But the two literary works could hardly be farther apart in substance, as Rowson parodies a crime novel's trashy tone -- parodying noted pulp crime writer Raymond Chandler more than Eliot or Eliot's poem -- and it shows in his edgy comic drawings that there is more than one "waste land" in the world.

Rowson had some problems in getting his lawyers to sign off on his parodies of Eliot's lines; for example, in Eliot's "The Fire Sermon," line 205, the poet writes "Jug jug jug jug…" and originally Rowson had his hero, Chris Marlowe ("Philip Marlowe" was a Chandler character ) walking past six jugs in the British Museum (which he uses in his comic illustrations). So instead of the six "jug[s]…"…

Works Cited

Eliot, T.S. (1922). The Waste Land. Bartleby.com. Retrieved January 2, 2012, from  http://www.bartleby.com/201/1.html .

Rowson, Martin. (1990). The Waste Land. New York: Harper and Row.

Zoning and Land Use

New York City has positioned itself as the capital of the world. The City is the world's financial capital and is playing a global command post in the business services, fashion, media, and culture and technology sectors. The City is also a popular tourist destination. According to the Strategic Policy Statement delivered by the Mayor in 1999, New York City will build on its economic successes in the past and continue to pursue its policies of lowering business taxes, streamlining regulations and improving public services to secure economic growth and opportunity Zoning is the way the governments control the physical development of land and the kinds of uses to which each individual property may be put. Zoning laws typically specify the areas in which residential, industrial, recreational or commercial activities may take place. For example, an R-1 residential zone might allow only single-family detached homes as…

Bibliography

Herbert H. Smith, The Citizen's Guide to Zoning, Amer Planning Assn; (July 1983)

Richard F. Babcock, Zoning Game: Municipal Practices and Policies, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy; (December 1966).

Richard F. Babcock, The Zoning Game Revisited, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy; Reprint edition (September 1990)

Larz T. Anderson, Guidelines for Preparing Urban Plans, Planners Pr; (June 1995)

(Eliot, 1971).

The Subjective over the Objective

Modernism was a reaction against Realism and its focus on objective depiction of life as it was actually lived. Modernist writers derived little artistic pleasure from describing the concrete details of the material world and the various human doings in it. They derived only a little more pleasure from describing the thoughts of those humans inhabiting the material world. Their greatest pleasure, however, was in expressing the angst, confusion, and frustration of the individual who has to live in that world. (Merriam-Webster, p. 1236).

Modernist writers used novel means for expressing these newly intense emotions. They did not always express the individual's confusion and frustration by relating the inner discourse of the individual. Instead, they manipulated the structure, style, and content of their works to cultivate a certain effect on the reader. (aym, Vol. D, p. 17). They wanted to convey the experience…

Bibliography

1. Snow, C. (1968). The Realists: Portraits of Eight Novelists. New York: Macmillan.

2. Fried, M. (1997). Realism, Writing, Disfiguration: On Thomas Eakins and Stephen Crane. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

3. Wilson, E., & Reill, P. (2004). Encyclopedia of the enlightenment. New York, NY: Facts on File.

4. Zafirovski, M. (2011). The Enlightenment and Its Effects on Modern Society. New York: Springer.

Return Native Land

Autonomy and Self-Definition in Cesaire's Notebook of a Return to the Native Land

The concept of selfhood is one of the most complex and essential elements in Aimee Cesaire's book-length poem Notebook of a Return to the Native Land. There is a constant dialogue -- often an argument -- between the external and internal elements that attempt to define and control the identity of the speaker. At times, there is even a marked consciousness in the speaker's resolve to deny external influences (Cesaire). Even here, though the very refusal speaks of a certain acknowledge influence. Furthermore, the fantasies of autonomy, or at least freedom from the immediate external influence that the speaker perceives, are themselves dominated by large-scale external forces. After dismissing a cop in his immediate reality, the speaker reflects on his own fragility in respect to the Earth and "its grandiose future -- / the…

Work Cited

Cesaire, Aime. Notebook of a return to the Native Land, Clayton Eshelman and Annette Smith, trans. Middleton, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2001.

Strangers in Their Own Land, Arlie Hochschild presents what she calls the "great paradox" of American society: why ultra conservatives vote against their best interests. By almost all accounts, red states are poorer economically, have much poorer health and educational outcomes, and a lower quality of life overall than blue states. That being the case, why would the reds continue to vote for the same platforms, even going so far as to make their situation potentially worse by voting in Tea Party candidates or the likes of Trump? The answer, according to Hochschild, is that conservatives tend to vote for emotional reasons. Because of its inherent irrationality, the great paradox cannot necessarily be resolved, as Hochschild points out. However, the great paradox can be understood with an empathetic viewpoint. Using empathy encourages understanding, which can in time tear down the cognitive and emotional barriers that create divisiveness and impede social…

Joseph made me hate Communists, then intolerance, and finally everything that could break the charmed pattern of our lives. I am not sure the Sisters of St. Joseph expected this from their daily lessons on the Red threat. The nuns' stories made me want to keep everything that I could. First, I would keep my faith. Much later, I would keep our regard for each other, and the ways which we revealed ourselves in these small houses.

The return from the very bloody and life changing WWII also peppers the reflections of the work, through both the ability of the community to embrace the Red scare with complete and utter servitude, build civic and amateur bomb shelters and honor those who returned with constancy. Many of the homes in Lakewood were purchased by young couples, the male partner being a returning veteran from WWII, as a result of the programs…

Bibliography

Waldie, D.J. Holy Land: a Suburban Memoir. New York: W.W. Norton. 1996.

D.J. Waldie Holy Land: A Suburban Memoir (New York: WW Norton, 1996) 73-74.

Ibid. 16, 33, 85, 86, 87, 168.

Ibid. 108, 112, 113.

Leadership design at Lands' end

Integrity

How deep are your convictions on things you count on? Exactly what do you count on A Lot about your work that you will withstand anybody about it? Just how much are you about to jeopardize your crucial beliefs? To exactly what degree do your habits and tne options you make align with your leading worths and concepts?

Integrity suggests sincerity and even more. It describes having sturdy internal leading concepts that one does not jeopardize. It indicates dealing with others as you would want to be dealt with.

Numerous professionals known that a strong sense of right and wrong and sturdy leading concepts are the most vital and standard of all leadership abilities or attributes. Integrity advertises depend on, and very little is achieved without depend on.

Integrity is an ability to the degree that we see it in activity. However it goes…

References

Arthur, W., Jr., Bennett, W., Jr., Edens, P.S., & Bell, S.T. (2003). Effectiveness of training in organizations: A meta-analysis of design and evaluation features. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 234-245.

Barker, R.T., & Stowers, R.H. (2005, December). Learning from our students: Teaching strategies for MBA professors. Business Communication Quarterly, 481-487.

Barrie, S., Ginns, P. & Prosser, M. (2005). Early impact and outcomes of an institutionally aligned, student focused learning perspective on teaching quality assurance. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education 30 (6), 641-656.

Bostrum, L. And Lassen, L.v (2006), 'Unravelling learning, learning styles, learning strategies and meta-cognition', Education + Training, vol. 48 no. 2/3

Promised Land/Black Girl

Ousmane Sembene's short story "The Promised Land," which was later adapted into a film called Black Girl, asks its audience to step into the life and subjectivity of a young Senegalese woman working in France, and attempts to demonstrate the isolation and persecution she experiences. The story opens with police arriving at the villa where the main character, Diouana, has killed herself, and immediately the story reveals the distinct divide between the French and Diouana, as nearly everyone calls her "the black woman" (Sembene 85). From this introduction, Sembene returns to Diouana's origins and traces how she went from an excited young woman to a disillusioned and ultimately suicidal servant, and the result is a tragic, though ultimately enlightening look at the ramifications of colonialism and the implicit racism it leaves as a legacy. Even though it was first published in 1974, the story is still relevant…

Works Cited

Sembene, Ousmane. Tribal scars, and other stories. New York: Inscape, 1974.

However, the author devotes the other major focus of her book to the excessive consumption and waste that unnecessarily increase the amount of garbage that society must deal with.

In that regard, the author provides an awareness that many readers might have lacked into the imperfect nature of waste disposal from two perspectives: first, she describes the degree to which even the highly regulated approved methods of storing waste are susceptible to leakage and to exposing society to dangerous chemicals; second, she explains that certain forms of mass consumption result in pollution that cannot be mitigated even by the most sophisticated waste disposal methods. For example, in the case of ordinary shoes, she writes:

" & #8230;conventional rubber soles are stabilized with lead that degrades into the atmosphere and soil as the shoe is worn. Rain sluices this lead dust into sewers, and thence into sludge bound for agricultural fields.…

However, later she notes the predators can really be either sex, especially when it comes to sex and sexuality. Because she had a fantastic body, some of her female lovers abused her and used her too, and in fact, it was her first lover, "Jan" that said she had a body good enough to model with and earn money.

It must be remembered that Faderman had few choices as a young girl growing up in the 1950s, especially if she was gay. Maury the counselor told her if she was not going to marry, she was going to have to work, so she needed an education, so the attitude was still that a woman's real career option was to marry and have children. Feminist author Monique Wittig writes, "Lesbians should always remember and acknowledge how 'unnatural,' compelling, totally oppressive, and destructive being "woman" was for us in the old days…

References

Faderman, Lillian. Naked in the Promised Land.

Wittig, Monique. "One is Not Born a Woman." Everyday Theory. Ed. McLaughlin and Coleman. New York: Longman, 2005. 553-560.

Traditional Land Tenure in the Modern Pacific

The Nature of Traditional Land Tenure in the Pacific

The land utilization and development necessary for a modern Pacific state could feasibly occur at reasonably good clip. Hughes suggests that, "all Pacific islands could be viable at high standards of living within a generation if they adopted policies that match their endowments" (2004, p. 1). This line of thinking is decidedly that of a non-indigenous economist, yet, if Hughes and other Western economists are correct, the Pacific islands, and particularly Papua New Guinea, are rapidly losing economic ground. The policy changes recommended by Hughes and others are formulaic and familiar. The one most pertinent to this topic of traditional land tenure is to switch from "communal land ownership to individual property rights" (Hughes, 2004, p.1). This paper discusses the effect that land tenure has on modernization and economic development in the Pacific against…

References

Acquaye, B. (1984). Land tenure and productivity in the Pacific Islands. Rome, Italy: Institute of Pacific Studies, South Pacific University, Suva (Fiji),

Banks, G (2005). Globalization, poverty, and hyperdevelopment in Papua New Guinea's mining sector, Focaal, European Journal of Anthropology, 46, 128-43.

Banks, G. (2006). Mining, social change and corporate social responsibility: Drawing lines in the Papua New Guinea mud [Chap. 13]. In Globalisation and governance in the Pacific islands, edited by Stuart Firth, ANU E. Press. Retrieved http;//epress.anu.edu/ssgm/global_gov/pdf/ch13.pdf

Boydell, S. (2001). Land tenure and land conflict in the South Pacific [Consultancy report for the Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations]. Retrieved  http://www.undp.org/cpr/documents/we_do/drt_land%20policy%20and%20conflict%20in%20pacific.pdf

particularly using multicriteria analysis model of land use planning and land use management and how it affects the future of land management. It has 10 sources in APA format.

Issues pertaining to land use management, and land use planning are as varied in nature as their challenging existence. Taking diversity as one challenge, it is noticed that ascertaining the various goals, values and techniques of the land user have remained a crucial task. The intention of this paper is to detail some methodologies on selected issues of land use management and land use planning, and present relevant literature review that give credence to these methodologies.

The determination of how our land is or will be used is coined as land use planning and land management. Seeking to create a vision for use and management of lands and the natural resources, the land and resource management plans requires the involvement of…

Works Cited

Toit, D.C. du.[July 2001]. Wise Land Use, White Paper On Spatial Planning And Land Use Management Ministry Of Agriculture And Land Affairs, available at:  http://www.polity.org.za/html/govdocs/white_papers/landdev.html?rebookmark=1 

Author not available, [2002]. United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development, Chaper 10, Agenda 21, available at:  http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/land.htm 

Author not available, [2001]. United Nations Economic and Social Council, Commission on Sustainable Development http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N01/312/96/PDF/N0131296.pdf-OpenElement

O'Callaghan, M. [2001]. Global Vision, Sustainable City, available at: www.global-vision.org/city/intro.html

Sales Channel Comparison

Consumer Channel (Lands' End)

Land's End is a world leader in multi-channel retailing and multi-channel management, selling online, over the telephone, through its own stores, affiliate stores and through Sears' larger retail outlets. Sears Holdings acquired Lands' End in 2001 and has since then continually integrated the company's products into the Sears selling channels as well. The core focus of the company from a product standpoint is casual and customizable clothing for men, women and children including infants. In addition, the company also sells many accessory items including handbags, travel accessories and weather-related personal products. Another part of the company's channel are its 15 different Inlet and NQP-branded stores operating in Illinois, Minnesota, New York and Wisconsin. The company has made many horizontal marketing system decisions including expanded into Land's End School and Land's End Business Outfitter, in addition to Land's End International. This last venture moved…

References

Sue F. Abdinnour-Helm, Barbara S. Chaparro, & Steven M. Farmer. (2005). Using the End-User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) Instrument to Measure Satisfaction with a Web Site. Decision Sciences, 36(2), 341-364.

Prabhu Aggarwal, & Ram Ganeshan. (2007). Using risk-management tools on B2Bs: An exploratory investigation. International Journal of Production Economics, 108(1/2), 2

Baker, Thomas L. (1993). Leaders in selling and sales management: An analysis of the. The Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 13(2), 91.

A GE B2B Faces Life on Its Own. (2002, June). Business Week (Online),1.

Clearly, at the time when the dam was being built, no one cared if it would have had devastating effects on certain communities, since it had been certain that no white community would have been affected by the construction. One could go as far as claiming that the Native Americans have been discriminated, and, that they had no eyes in favor of the people that have approved the dam's construction in the territory.

The American government would come across several problems when being put against the ancient burial ground ethical dilemma. Leaders normally pay great importance to getting as much people as they can to vote them. Thus, if the present American president would continue to ignore the demands made by the Native American tribe, it would ruin his reputation among Native American tribes across the U.S.

The Federal Government will lose large amounts of money if it were to…

Works cited:

1. Coffey, Louis. (2006). Mediated Settlement of a Native American Land Claim. The CPA Journal. Questia, Web, 21 Feb. 2010.

2. Grigg, William Norman, (2002, July 15) Protector of the Nez Perce: Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Tribe Excelled as a Military Strategist, Courageously Fought as a Warrior, and Valiantly Protected Those Entrusted to His Care," the New American, Questia, Web, 21 Feb. 2010.

3. Kay Roels, Starla, (1998) Borrowing Instead of Taking: How the Seemingly Opposite Threads of Indian Treaty Rights and Property Rights Activism Could Intertwine to Restore Salmon to the Rivers. Environmental Law 28.2: 375, Questia, Web, 21 Feb. 2010.

4. Simms, Andrew, (2003, September 15). Who Owns the World? Everything-From Land, Water and Plant Seeds to Folk Stories and Football Results-Can Now Be Claimed as Private Property. Andrew Simms on the New Enclosures," New Statesman, Questia, Web, 21 Feb. 2010.

interactions of the Europeans and the Native Americans during the days of the colonists. In addition the author looks at Natice American lifestyles and traditions that have survived the building of America and still exist today. There was one source used to complete this paper.

Then and Now

Students throughout the nation, study the beginning effects of the Europeans arriving on American soil and the reactions both to and of the Native Americans who had already been here for many years (Cronon, 1984). However, after the land dividing was over, and the native Americans and the Europeans began to live as peacefully as could be expected considering the circumstances, that is where most studies stop. Following the initial period however, there was a transitional period that occurred between the Native Americans and the European colonists that is a vital part of our land's history. William Cronon detailed this transition in…

"The shift from Indian to European dominance in New England entailed important changes (Cronon, 1986)." Because of the way the Europeans settled in the animal and plant population were negatively affected. Before the colonists arrived the Native Americans would hunt and work one area, then move on to another area. This gave areas they left a chance to re-grow and repopulate for future use. The colonists moved here and stayed in one place. In time they depleted much of the animal and plant life that had been a natural part of the eco system. This caused them to have to change the way things were done and to grow new food and raise new animals. Instead of letting the natural system take its course as the Native Americans had always done, the colonists took over the course and force fed it. This set the pattern that we still live with today.

The Native Americans took part in the destruction of the eco system as well. They were intrigued with metal and the utensils that were made with metal so they killed more animals than they would normally have killed for the ability to trade. All in all both sides contributed to the change in the system and the changes that caused to the land.

Few Native American traditions pertaining to the land have survived the years. However, the idea of planting in one area, then moving to another and letting the first area regain its health has been adopted by farmers all over the nation. The changes that were forced upon our lands set in motion a system that we are bound by today. But along the way we did adopt some of the Native American elements of respecting the land and the Native Americans adopted some of the European ways of settling in one place.

War Makes Humanity Less Important Than Political Peace

No Man's Land

Argument

War is an agonizing reality, which accentuates ethnic, racial and religious differences amongst people. Tanovic in his film No Man's Land, sets out to show us his optimistic views on human bonding amid the frenzy surrounding cross-cultural differences and resulting conflicts. This bleak picture of war is interspersed with light-hearted humor and abrupt craziness that gives a positive touch to the otherwise gross war drama. No Man's land is set against the never-ending Serb-Bosnia conflict where peacekeeping missions failed to do any positive work. Tanovic has chosen absolutely absurd event to highlight the bond of humanity or more specifically human-hood that exists between soldiers of warring factions while thrashing the "peacekeepers," the politicians and their senseless reasons to go to war. The tense movie centers on the actions and emotions of two soldiers, Siki, a Bosnian (Branko Djuric),…

References

Anderson, J. (2001). In 'No Man's Land,' War Is (as Funny as) Hell. Publication: Newsday

Kirkland, B. (2002). A Unique Spin In No Man's Land, Sun Media Edition. Publication: The Ottawa Sun

Shiva Nagaraj, (2002) Take the trip to 'No Man's Land', University Wire

ritish agricultural revolution and English settlement patterns in their colonies in New England. It is the authors contention that the world view of the English influenced their agricultural practices and the way that these practices changed the ecology of the land in New England. While largely a failure as a commercial enterprise in New England, it did however have commonalities with the Middle and Southern colonies, a relentless drive West and a decimation of Native American cultures and populations. Needless to say, there were huge differences between this English world view and English agricultural policies and the Native American world view, agricultural practices and approach to the environment.

While agriculture was largely a failure as a commercial enterprise in New England, the idea in the English settlers mind to keep pushing West to find arable land was alive and well and continued throughout the colonial period. Surprisingly enough, this English…

Bibliography

Canterbery, E. Ray. The Making of Economics: The foundation. Hackensack, NJ: World Scientific

Publishing Company, 2003.

Cochrane, William W. Development of American Agriculture: A Historical Analysis . Rochester, MN:

Univ Of Minnesota Press, 1993.

The doctor knows that he cannot be as effective as he once was, and the nurse no longer needs him to lead and guide her, so even the changing nature of their relationship on a personal level is important. On a professional level it is also significant because they used to have mutual respect for one another and now they are finding that they do not seem to work together well.

Findings

Managed care and the way that is has changed medical care in this country is one of the biggest culprits when looking for a scapegoat regarding why there are so many problems between these two people at this point in time. The doctor clearly no longer takes the nurse seriously, but that is something that is between them as people, not as doctor and nurse. The managed care issue and how their work has changed because of it…

Chechnya Dilemma

The land occupied by the fledgling state of Chechnya is strategically, and somewhat remotely located between the Black and Caspian seas. Lying in a natural land corridor which is a land bridge between the northern ussian and ussian federation nations, and the countries of Iraq and Turkey, although the terrain is hilly with little to offer in the way of natural resources, Chechnya holds a strategic position for travel to or from ussia, Turkey, and Iraq. As for the peoples groups in this part of the world, freedom has been only a fleeting experience. When the Tzars of ussia weren't conquering the land, the Soviet epublic was. The area has tried to put together a stable existence while living on the boarder of two world wars, so the concept of self rule, and the responsibilities which come with it have only been ideas in the minds of generations…

Resources:

Chechnya," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2003

http://encarta.msn.com. Accessed 1 Dec 2003.

Charlton, A. Putin hopes for end to Chechnya war, probes launched into troop abuses

AP Worldstream. 04/17/2002.

When the author explains why deaths are common in this place, she writes about illusions that desert creates and the effect it has on a thirsty traveler. Austin observes: "There are many areas in the desert where drinkable water lies within a few feet of the surface, indicated by the mesquite and the bunch grass (Sporobolus airoides). It is this nearness of unimagined help that makes the tragedy of desert deaths....To underestimate one's thirst, to pass a given landmark to the right or left, to find a dry spring where one looked for running water -- there is no help for any of these things." This is a vital piece of information and might help an aspiring traveler in his desire to come back from the place unscathed.

Some of the information provided is not meant to help an aspiring traveler but are merely mentioned for entertainment purpose. This is…

eitz contends that the concept of art must be flexible to accommodate new creative efforts in the shifting art world" (4). Perhaps what eitz is saying is that art should never be put in the box, but left alone outside it's walls. It doesn't matter if we are trying to be creative with our housing, or painting a masterpiece. Art is just like beauty - it is seen in the eye of the beholder. The only way for one to grow creatively is to not be afraid to experiment or push the boundaries that have been set. If society puts a definition on what is and is not art, how can one ever grow creatively?

An artist should remember that not everyone interprets or visualizes one's work with the same open-mindedness that a work has been created with. Having said this, one should remember that an artist loses his right…

Work Cited

Postrel, Virginia. "The Boundaries of Design." Emerging: Contemporary Readings for Writers. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2010. Print.

Lankford, Louis, and David B. Pankratz. "Justifying Controversial Art in Arts Education." Web. 18 Oct. 2010.

You chose a good topic and you do a good job of summarizing the issues. Overall your paper could use more analysis and incorporation of outside sources. Also your writing is hard to understand because you use passive voice and generalizations. Stick to active voice and clarify your characters/actions.

By editing the grammar and punctuation, the paper flows better. I changed and/or deleted some wording. I kept to using an active voice (as recommended by the professor). I feel that by cleaning up the work, the paper now has a clear analysis. Using the third outside source offered by your professor might further prove the point you're trying to make. After the 4th paragraph would be an ideal place to introduce another source.

eaving the stories of characters of types of people from Esther to Freud allows Barker to show a broad-sweeping panorama of history, from the lower classes to the intelligentsia of Europe. hile characters come from very different segments of society, the commonly-shared desires for love, riches, and self-improvement unite them all. All of the characters, however tangentially are linked, and show different aspects of the American Dream. For example, to depict the immigrant experience, Baker has Esther dating a non-Jew, Kid Twist, who emigrates on the same ocean liner that Freud and Jung take across the seas. The novel begins with the Kid rescuing a newsboy (who is actually a dwarf named 'Trick') from to Esther's brother, Gyp the Blood. This illustrates the Kid's kind nature, despite his impoverished existence, in contrast to the criminal Gyp who eventually tries to kill the Kid.

The strength of Dreamland as a novel…

Work Cited

Baker, Kevin. Dreamland. HarperCollins, 1999.

(Kim, 2000)

Thus, growing up with this confusion did not limit Scott's educational strivings, as Stanford is one of the leading American graduate universities in America! To channel his feelings about his often-reversed name, the designer imagined a couple different ways "to invert my own name," as a computer graphic to express what he saw as the creativity inherent in possessing a name that was frequently confused. American creativity and even American confusion became a positive for Scott Kim, as he used different ways of writing his name to create a creative computer graphic! The difficulties he experienced fitting in because of his easily flipped flopped name became a source of creativity, and Kim's graphic arts are highly esteemed in his profession and amongst his friends. He even designed a graphic for his own wedding of his name and his fiancee's name.

Another Korean named Bo-Young Kim takes a different…

Works Cited

Young-shick, Chloe. "What's in a Name?" Korea Now. 2001. http://www2.gol.com/users/coynerhm/whats_in_a_name.htm

Kim-Bo Young. U Mass Web page. 2005.  http://www.cs.uml.edu/~bkim/ 

Kim, Benjamin. "Physician's Index." 2005.  http://www.healthgrades.com/directory_search/physician/profiles/dr-md-reports/Dr.-Benjamin-Kim-MD-79EF00E6.cfm 

Kim, Hannah. Physician's Index. 2005.  http://www.healthgrades.com/directory_search/physician/profiles/dr-md-reports/Dr.-Hannah-Kim-MD-3AEED385.cfm

American Land

President Bush's recent initiatives regarding the environment represent a significant change from the government environmental policies of the past century. Bush, who presents himself as a steward of the environment, believes that conservation and protection are best achieved through a partnership with industry. Instead of relying on strict government regulations, Bush believes that forests would be preserved and rivers would be cleaner if market forces are allowed to run their natural course ("Bush reshapes environmental debate").

This essay examines the evolution of Bush's position in light of the American policies regarding the environment over the past 100 years. It looks at how environment policies have changed, from the time President Theodore Roosevelt established the wildlife preserve in Pelican Island Bay, Florida. This essay also examines the changing perceptions Americans hold regarding their environment -- which has been first been viewed as an infinite natural resource, then as a…

Zoning and Land Use

roperty Development and Zoning in New York

In most of the United States' cities, property development is the main economic growth strategy. Dating back to the 1950s through 1970s, local governments facing decentralization and low investment depended on federal financial assistance to manage constructions in their urban centers. However, the gradual fading of the federal government from the urban policy in more recent decades, gave cities power to control land development through the legal mechanism of bulk zoning. In addition, cities maintained the freedom to develop the property by providing the needed infrastructure and goods. Regulation of land usage and access to low-interests capital to enhance constructions by cities are crucial in the efforts of urban economic development

This is equally essential for economic development officials in international cities, especially those that focus on globally exported entertainment, business and in cases where accessing land is considerably…

Property-Led Development and Use Zoning

Property-Led development is a public sector tactic that aims at encouraging economic growth within a city developing regulations, which real estate investors should adhere to and can achieve value from land use. Extracting value from land usage has been the norm of cities since the beginning of metropolitan decentralization in the 1920s. Therefore, most of the American cities engaged in fostering property development, which the government was to fund. The cities received funds from the federal government for some time, until the year 1970, when the government withdrew the funds. This saw to the emergence of private sector in property development, and the private sector has thrived to date

Such development is highly attractive because it relies on private funds, and in most cases produces profits, and it is often achievable through incremental and entrepreneurial planning. Moreover, the local government is well established to this tactic, and due to its reliance on real estate taxes, realizes more benefits than other levels of governments because it receives a large proportion of the revenues from land development. This property development strategy is the main industry that generates revenue

Tolstoy and Shakespeare

"How Much Land Does a Man Need?"

The short story "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" By Tolstoy serves to teach a lesson to the reader. It is a morality play explaining the sin of greed and how it leads to trouble. The story begins with a peasant complaining that he does not have enough land. "If I had plenty of land, I shouldn't fear the Devil himself!" (Tolstoy 140) Land is thereby equated with lack of fear. In the end, greed is what causes the peasant Pahom's death. He believes that he can outwit his neighbors and get their land at a fraction of its value. His cockiness leads him to have a heart attack at sunset and be buried in a six foot grave. "Six feet from his head to his heels was all he needed" (140). The title of the story becomes ironic…

Works Cited:

Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. New Haven: Yale UP, 2006. Print.

Tolstoy, Leo. "How Much Land Does a Man Need?" The Kreutzer Sonata and Other Short

Stories. New York: Dover, 1993. Print.

Perceptions of Self-Efficacy Among Counseling Students

Today, increasing numbers of college students are enrolled in online courses that either supplement or entirely replace traditional land-based counseling graduate degree programs (Smith, Mcaullife & ippard, 2014). These trends may have an effect on the respective levels of self-efficacy that counseling students develop as a result of their online or land-based coursework. To help determine the extent of these differences, if they exist, this paper was guided by the following research question: "What are the differences in perceptions of self-efficacy among counseling students in online and land-based counseling graduate degree programs?" In order to develop a timely and informed answer to this research question, a definition of self-efficacy is followed by a proposed 10-item survey that measures the respective levels of self-efficacy of online and land-based counseling students. A listing of the 10 survey items is followed by supporting rationale for their inclusion…

References

De Vaus, D. (1996). Surveys in social research. London: UCL Press.

Lane, J & Lane, A. (2009, January 1). Selfs-efficacy and academic performance. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 29(7), 687-690.

Smith, J. E. & Mcaullife, G. (2014, December). Counseling students' transformative learning through a study abroad curriculum. Counselor Education and Supervision, 53(4), 306-310.

Sheperis, C. J., Young, J. S., & Daniels, M. H. (2017). Counseling research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods (2nd ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

Since they did not have stone, the Sumerians made do with brick, building a myriad of famous constructions during this period according to their needs.

As kings of rival city-states ruled Sumer during this period, they would often go to battle. For this reason, the Sumerians also engineered many important forms of warfare technology. These include the wheeled chariot and the discovery of bronze (via the melding of copper and tin.)

The second major stage of Sumerian development was marked by the invasion of Sargon the Great, who would come to rule all of Mesopotamia. Sargon would conquer the first known empire, which extended all the way across Syrian into southeastern Turkey. Among Sargon's many accomplishments, he standardized weights and measurements in the disparate lands that he came to rule over. This made trading possible in his kingdom. Sargon was also the first Sumerian king who managed to maintain a…

Bibliography

Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,

Roux, Georges. Ancient Iraq. New York: Penguin USA, 1993.

Tripp, Charles. History of Iraq. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Deuteronomy

How does the general structure of Deuteronomy as a covenant help us to understand the message of the book? Identify the structural framework and discuss how it shapes the way we read and understand Deuteronomy.

The structure of Deuteronomy is based in large part on the thoughts and words of Moses. Jesus, Peter, and Paul attributed Deuteronomy 32:21 to Moses, although the author of the conclusion of the book is not known, according to Biblica. But the structure technically is the handing off of responsibility from Moses to Joshua, as the Israelites are about to cross the Jordan River into the "promised land." That's what this book of the Bible is all about.

The book structurally is set in the scene where the Jordan River flows into the Dead Sea; Moses and the Israelites are in the territory of Moab, and Moses is preparing to transfer the leadership to…

Works Cited

Bible.org. (2011). Analysis and Synthesis of the Book of Deuteronomy. Retrieved February 14, 2016, from  https://bible.org .

Biblica.com. (2010). Deuteronomy. Retrieved February 14, 2016, from  http://www.biblica.com .

The Glory of the Grind, (2011). Trust and Obey: The Message of Deuteronomy. Retrieved February 14, 2016, from  https://thegloryofthegrind.wordpress.com .

underground location of landmines complicate detection?

Landmines are notoriously difficult to detect due to being buried underground and often-in hostile environments. Contrary to 'above ground' investigation of weapons or bombs that, given their miniscule size, are in themselves challenging to discover, they, at least, can be sniffed out by thoroughly trained and vigilant dogs. Concealed explosives can be detected at limits that are as low as a few ppb (parts per billion) since the detectors search for insignificant and infinitival molecules. These searches, however, occur to objects that are 'above ground' and the searches take place in countries that seek to obliterate terrorism. Landmines, on the other hand, pose far more of a threat since they may be anywhere underground and are usually existent in hostile environments. We, therefore, have approximately 100 million landmines that go untreated on planet earth, and just as several are dealt with, tenfold more reappear…

References

Anderson, J., & Bauer, B. FIXOR: A New Approach to Neutralizing Landmines and UXO Landmines in Latin America.

 http://maic.jmu.edu/journal/5.2/features/fixor.htm 

Niemann, W. et al. (2000) Detection of buried landmines with x-ray backscatter technology  http://www.ndt.net/article/ecndt02/96/96.htm 

Science Daily (Aug., 28, 2007). Simple and inexpensive landmine detection system Is Under Development. Science News.

Land Use Planning Policies and Urban Sprawl

IMPORTANCE

Land planning for distribution has progressed manifolds in the past century. Increase in the number of communities in the country raises the demand for urban development. Developments are often referred as revolutionary plans meant for better living. However, by the end of the 20th century perception of better living means away from the mainstream urbanism. Communities shifted to new areas with open space, tranquility and yet with almost the same kind of amenities as those in the urban areas [illiams, 2000].

Urban spread has become a major concern for various reasons. According to some urban sprawl should be controlled through extensive planning campaigns. Proponents of this group argue that the open spaces for farmland, once considered an off-limits arena for the urban commuters, today with the help of developers has slowly encroached on farm designated land. Opponents to sprawl are quick to…

Works Cited

Jacobs, Harvey M. Fighting Over Land America's Legacy... America's Future? Vol. 65 no, Journal of the American Planning Association, 04-15-1999.

Oliver, Charles. "Regulations Are Crimping the Suburbs," Investor's Business Daily, June 23, 1998.

Kaiser, Edward J.; Godschalk, David R., Twentieth century land use planning: a stalwart family tree... Vol. 61, Journal of the American Planning Association, 06-22-1995, pp 365(21).

Gordon, Peter; Richardson, Harry W., Are compact cities a desirable planning goal? Vol. 63, Journal of the American Planning Association, 01-01-1997, pp 95(12).