Land Use Terms
Land Use

The author of this response is asked to define a few terms. There are three terms in total and all of them relate to land use and land rights in some manner or form and how personal land ownership rights are juxtaposed against that of a land owner or a government that wishes to take ownership of land for public use, the latter of which is commonly known as eminent domain.

Allodial Title

The definition of allodial title is the ownership of property such as land and/or buildings. The ownership has to be free of any higher power over the land such as a landlord or other leasing power. In other words, the land has to be entirely owned and otherwise legally held by the part that has allodial title over the land and/or property. This is in contrast to land that is subject to feudal duties and/or as…...

The wealthy mine operator has a good reason to pretend he doesn't get Leopold.
This is the root of the problem with Leopold's idea: it requires people to think too much against their natural tendencies. It is the natural tendency of essentially every other creature on Earth to find a niche and stay put, being constrained from unlimited growth by predators and the availability of food and water. This is not the case for human beings. Humans, gifted with brains capable of fine ideas such as Leopold's, nevertheless have a quite different propensity from other creatures; our unspoken policy is one of continuous expansion. Whether through nature or nurture, our inclination is toward exploration, exploitation, and accumulation.

This is what Leopold is up against. To be practical, his land ethic would require a change of heart in every human being in the world, and it would have to be a permanent…...

Leopold further asserted that human beings were not superior to others in their ecological system since every one has an important role to play especially the land. The idea that "The Whole informs the part" was also critical to understanding Leopold's land ethic. The author maintains that man needs to understand and appreciate the other members of the universe in order to determine his place in it. The one important lesson that land ethic seeks to instill in the reader is that "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise." In short, Leopold wants us to develop a relationship with land and nurture it the way we nurture all other relations. The bond between man and land should be based on appreciate, admiration, care and respect.
eference

The Land Ethic" from Leopold, A Sand…...

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Reference

The Land Ethic" from Leopold, A Sand County Almanac, Oxford University Press, 194

his dilemma brings the Kelo case to the forefront of public policy debate.
he Kelo case involved "New London, a city in Connecticut, using its eminent domain authority to seize private property to sell to private developers. he city said developing the land would create jobs and increase tax revenues" Oyez.org. 2005). he plaintiffs contended that the takings by the city were not designed for public use but rather private gain. In the Supreme Court's decision the majority answered that the taking was for economic development which would benefit the community as a whole and as such "the Fifth Amendment did not require "literal" public use, but the "broader and more natural interpretation of public use as 'public purpose'" (Oyez.org. 2005). he decision significantly broadens the interpretation of what public officials can designate public use and calls into question to what extent private properties can be taken for "just compensation."

he…...

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The Kelo case involved "New London, a city in Connecticut, using its eminent domain authority to seize private property to sell to private developers. The city said developing the land would create jobs and increase tax revenues" Oyez.org. 2005). The plaintiffs contended that the takings by the city were not designed for public use but rather private gain. In the Supreme Court's decision the majority answered that the taking was for economic development which would benefit the community as a whole and as such "the Fifth Amendment did not require "literal" public use, but the "broader and more natural interpretation of public use as 'public purpose'" (Oyez.org. 2005). The decision significantly broadens the interpretation of what public officials can designate public use and calls into question to what extent private properties can be taken for "just compensation."

The fact that urban renewal projects require significant public investment and tax dollars underscores the significant policy issues associated with eminent domain and private property transfer from one owner to another. In theory any proposed urban renewal or revitalization project could be construed as beneficial to the public at large however, the immediate economic benefits would flow to the private firms who are in receipt of the transfer, and "homes, small businesses, and other properties would be razed in favor of high-profile private developments" (Lehavi, a. & Licht, a. 2007). Invariably "this situation would leave landowners with minimal compensation based on the pre-project objective land values" (Lehavi, a. & Licht, a. 2007).

In addition to the ramifications of "public use" the other significant development concern is the possibility of gentrification of the

The Economic Development Council is an organization that is helping business to relocate to McLean Country through a number of programs to include: providing vision / direction, recruiting / developing new businesses, improving the community and providing oversight / investor relations. ("About EDC," 2010) While the loomington Historic Preservation Commission is helping to restore a number of areas that are vital for redevelopment efforts. These different elements are important, because they are highlighting how both organizations are: encouraging economic growth and redevelopment throughout the region. Over the course of time, these various programs are addressing the needs of the community, by ensuring that a diverse amount of employers are located in the city.
When you step back and analyze the different efforts, it is clear that they are helping to support future economic development, by establishing a foundation of support. This is important, because when businesses and residents are relocating…...

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Bibliography

2008 Bloomington Demographic Profile (2008). City of Bloomington. Retrieved from: http://www.cityblm.org/library/sitewide/pdfs/demographics2008.pdf

About the City. (2010). City of Bloomington. Retrieved from: http://www.cityblm.org/page.asp?show=section&id=2717

About EDC. (2020). Economic Development Commission. Retrieved from:  

In Don DeLilo's hite Noise, the relationship between humanity and the environment in discussed in light of the television news coverage of catastrophes, and this discussion demonstrates the kind of hyper-conservation emergent as a result of the modern media environment. In particular, hite Noise enacts a prediction made by Aldo Leopold in his essay "The Land Ethic," by showing how the dominance of the television has created a divide between humanity and the land, to the point that the environment as represented onscreen has little mental connection to the environment of the viewer. As a result of this, even natural disasters have become commodified, so that "conservation" takes the form of film recording, because according to the novel, disasters only have value when they can be seen and broadcast across the world. In effect, hite Noise demonstrates how the specific lack of a land ethic in modern American culture has…...

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Works Cited

DeLilo, Don. White Noise. New York, NY: Penguin Books, 1985. Print.

Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press,

1949. Retrieved from

00
Leasable area (75%)

3,540,000.00

Occupancy (80%)

2,832,000.00

Gross Rental Rev, 1st year, sq ft

Net rental rev / sq ft (75%)

Net rental revenue (?)

669,060,000

Cap rate

0.075

All in cost

8,920,800,000

Land price estimate (30%)

2,676,240,000

This gives a return in the first year of 7.5%, which is higher than on the other HLP projects -- these range from 5.7% to 6.7%.

The calculation is highly sensitive to the rent. If rents are at the low end (similar to Wuxi and Shenyan 66, the other two massive projects) then the value of the property is around? 1.44 billion, roughly 46% lower than the current estimate. If rents are at Jinan levels, then the value of the property is around ?2.2 billion. HLP needs to feel comfortable with the high-end revenue estimate. Given the strong economic growth in Chengdu and its status as a major regional center not only in heavily-populated Sichuan but as the largest city in the country's western regions, there is…...

Ferrey, S. (2010). he Failure of international global warming regulation to promote needed renewable energy. Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, 37(1), 67-126. Retrieved from GreenFILE database.

Ferrey's article reviews international standards for global warming reduction and claims that the current regulations and suggestions do not address the need for renewable energies. he work claims that without this aspect of the regulations and suggestions being adopted by the Kyoto protocols the plan will ultimately not answer for this significant need, which could in part be why the U.S. did not sign the Kyoto protocols. Currently the researcher claims the system only offers limitations for fossil fuel consumption but does not offer or mandate significant interests in renewable energy sources and therefore is only a one sided mandate system. his then leaves all the answers to these questions entirely up to the nations involved. hese nations are left with the burden then…...

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Taylor discusses a dark issue in the production of renewable energy technology. The work illuminates the issue of the lack of transparency in the production of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels and stresses that the production produces many toxic chemicals that were not produced by more expensive solar technology. Taylor stresses that the U.S. needs to take the lead in creating transparency in the production of more cost effective solar technology and the industry needs to self-regulate and come up with answers to the toxicity of its processes. Taylor suggests that the switch over to PV solar panel production occurred almost exclusively based on the desire to build systems that were more cost effective for consumers or even investors but that in rushing to production the industry failed to implement technology and account for the increase in toxic byproducts. Taylor contends that cost effective solar panels are paramount especially to individuals investing in personal use technology and to increase investment potential for larger scale operations but that the PV producing companies need to implement tougher standards and invest in research that could mitigate toxic waste byproducts. This work offers a good example of the potential risk associated with rushing to production for the wrong reasons. Though the companies answered an important call for less expensive solar technology they are doing so at a cost that needs to be resolved.

Traviss, N., Thelen, B., Ingalls, J., & Treadwell, M. (2010). Biodiesel vs. Diesel: A Pilot Study Comparing Exhaust Exposures for Employees at a Rural Municipal Facility. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995), 60(9), 1026-1033. doi:10.3155/1047-3289.60.9.1026.

Traviss, Thelen, Ingall, & Treadwell discuss the common switch from petroleum-based diesel to bio-deisel among many organizations and especially municipalities. The switch though fully supported by the public and the government needs to be addressed from a public health perspective. This work compares the exhaust exposures of municipal workers working with either petroleum or biodiesel use areas. The work measured particulate matter and other air toxins at a recycling center in a comparison between first petroleum diesel and then 20%-80% blend of soy-based biodiesel. This was then taken as a litmus to occupational exposure using standard methods for this conversion. The results indicate that the biodiesel blend significantly reduced particulate matter and formaldehyde gas in the air while volatile organic compounds showed variable changes between the two forms, with some being higher in the petroleum alone test sample and others being higher in the blend test sample. The study concludes that biodiesel overall produced far less risk through environmental exposure to known toxic matter for workers and supports the idea that such a transition is both useful and responsive to health and environmental concerns. The researchers also stress the need for further testing in this area including higher concentrations of biodiesel in the blend and possibly other feedstock derived biodiesel to determent potential health risk for individual workers.

This increased profitability of any REIT is an incredibly attractive feature to many smaller (and larger) investors when it comes to publicly traded REITs, as this allows for the direct profits of real estate earnings to be transferred to shareholders as dividends (and indirectly in increased stock value/equity) without requiring these investors to endure any of the hassle of real estate ownership. Public trading and ownership also allows for much faster capital growth and thus real estate holding growth, meaning that publicly traded REITs can grow much faster than private corporations and thus would easily -- and as history has shown, did easily -- grow to dominate the real estate ownership landscape in the United States.
Drawbacks to public ownership, of course, do exist. When compared to private corporations, public companies must keep a stricter eye on the short- and medium-term bottom line. There are also more owners and thus…...

O Pioneers
Land is the central motif of illa Cather's O Pioneers! Land becomes a symbol of personal and political empowerment, and it also connects past, present, and future as land is transferred through multiple generations. Land is more than just an "image in the mind" for central characters like Alexandra. Land is linked to identity, family, and livelihood. However, land does serve a symbolic as well as a practical role for all the characters. Land is much more than ground beneath the feet; land is the lens through which the characters view the world. For instance, land helps measure the passage of time: "he years seemed to stretch before her like the land; spring, summer, autumn, winter, spring; always the same patient fields, the patient little trees," (Part IV, Chapter 5). Land serves an almost religious function for Elizabeth, who had "believed in the land" just as her father did…...

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Work Cited

Cather, Willa. O Pioneers! Project Gutenberg eBook. Available online:  http://www.gutenberg.org/files/24/24-h/24-h.htm

Cronin must use the words of European observers and attempt to glean the facts about Native American behavior behind the tone of judgmental prose. Cronin admits that some of his history is impressionistic, to some degree, given that the hard data about the ecology of the Americas is not available to him, as even extant documents did not contain the meticulous detail he might have liked about the native land (Cronin 179).
For example, in attempting to demonstrate how the Indian methods of growing were more sustainable, Cronin quotes a European traveler who was shocked by the apparent scattered diversity of Indian methods of planting crops, versus orderly European monoculture (Cronin 50). By not having a monoculture system, however, the Indian methods did not deplete the soil to the same degree as the Europeans. The benefits of diversity also yielded better nutrition. However, monoculture systems of agriculture are typical of…...

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Work Cited

Cronin, William. Changes in the land: Indians, colonists, and the ecology of New England.

Hill & Wang, 2003.

Additionally, policy makers and politicians have to take into account the viewpoints and sensitivities of their constituencies given that voters are most certainly impacted by transportation developments as residents, motorists, commuters, and taxpayers. Unpopular projects pushed through over vocal protests will very likely produce a backlash at the ballot box. Indeed, promoting a particular transportation project can be a political campaign in and of itself.
Similarly, paying for city transportation projects is a political endeavor because it involves utilizing the public funds. Project financing can come from many different sources. There are user fees such as vehicle registration fees, fuel taxes, and public transit fares; non-user funds including property, sales, and income or payroll taxes; special benefit fees such as traffic impact fees, service charges, and tax increment financing; debt financing such as bonds; private financing like developer funding and negotiated investments; and special revenue streams such as a lottery…...

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References

Benz, G.P. (1999). Financial and economic considerations. In J.D. Edwards (Ed.),

Transportation planning handbook (2nd ed.) (pp.239-338). Washington, D.C.: Institute of Transportation Engineers.

Patriksson, M. (1994). Traffic assignment problems: Models and methods. Utrecht: VSP

International Science.

he process shows why silk is so expensive, because it is a very time consuming process.
I did not know that silk was such an ancient enterprise, and that was very interesting. It made me wonder how people first discovered the process and the actual silk fiber, and then how to weave it into cloth. It would be interesting if there were some history that described how they figured it out. I would like to find that in a Web site or other source, but there does not seem to be information available on that topic. It was also interesting to learn about the vast number of mulberry trees that were necessary to keep the industry running. I did not know that silkworms ate so much, or had to eat so many times during the day. We take silk for granted today, but it is a complicated process, and this…...

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This is a good site because it follows silk through the ages, and talks about it today, too, including how silk fabric is actually made.

 http://www.squidoo.com/history-of-silk 

I really like this site because it combines history with information on how silk is actually made. It includes photos of the actual silk thread, silkworms, and includes information on alternatives to silk, which is nice for the silkworms.

Yet they were still not the smartest nation. So they sent out an ambassador to look all over the land for the best way to become the smartest and most knowledgeable state. After traveling for several days, the ambassador came across a boy who was standing on his head and reciting the alphabet and time table. He had a big medal on his chest saying, "The Best." The ambassador was so impressed he did not ask the boy why he was doing this and did not find out it was for the Book of Guinness Records. The ambassador could not wait until he returned and told everyone the trick to being "The Best." Within one week every boy and girl from kindergarten to seniors in college were taught how to stand on their heads for the whole day while they recited all the data they had learned. Everyone in "Whatisit?"…...

They are so much into the material gains of this world that they forget what the religion that they are preaching teaches. Muhammad lived a simple life where he never accumulated any wealth. There would be days when his household would not have any food to eat. Whatever money he would get from the booty of the wars, he would distribute it among the poor rather than accumulating it. Another remarkable quality of this leader was the simplicity with which he lived his life. He would mend his own shoes, repair his own clothes, and also indulged in normal household work. With the spread of Islam Muhammad was like the king of Arabia yet he possessed absolutely nothing and lived like a normal man in a small house. He never built any palaces nor spent wealth to buy the luxuries of life. Amazingly enough he would even sit on…...

According to some authors, divorce is a problem when it comes to delinquency. Others do not see a strong correlation. For example, "The variables that predict male delinquency were found to be different from those that predict female delinquency. Characteristics of the parents' marriage play an important role for boys, while misbehavior of girls is more strongly predicted by variables measuring parent-child interaction and parental control." comes from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1982.tb01014.x/abstract and appears to say that only boys are affected by factors in their parents' marriage when it comes to delinquency. However, this article: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J087v39n01_07#.UnhDkOLufLY states that divorce is a cause of....

Leasing to someone can be risky. Make sure you charge enough rent, and that you get a good security deposit. Check local laws in your area to find out how much of a deposit you can collect. In some places it's no more than 1.5 times the rent. Other places allow for a larger amount. Check the person's credit, background, and references. Look for problems paying bills, broken lease agreements, and any past criminal history. Also talk to your insurance company. If you're renting/leasing your home, you can't just keep your standard homeowner's policy. You won't be covered if you have....

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