This essay examines the relationship between culture and health care, arguing that cultural differences significantly shape patients' health beliefs and their interactions with providers. The paper defines culture in both broad Western and localized American contexts, explains how cross-cultural communication requires environmental and cultural self-awareness, and draws on scholarship by Singer & Kassim-Lakha (2003) and Skelton et al. (2001) to demonstrate that health professionals who invest in cultural competency improve patient outcomes and quality of life across diverse populations.
Culture is a difficult and slippery term in today's vocabulary. It is always changing, moving toward new preferences and attitudes that shape its followers' belief structures. Health care is a part of culture, and different segments of society approach this idea in different ways. The purpose of this essay is to highlight the differences among cultures in their perceptions of health and health care, to identify the principles of cross-cultural communication, and to explain how cultural differences can become obstacles in the communication between patients and their health care providers.
Before discussing the influence of culture on health care, it is important to define what the term means. Western culture is a hybrid of many other cultures. Scaling down further, American culture can also be localized into distinct segments of appropriate behavior. Race, ethnic heritage, and religion all compose the ideals behind culture, but it is expressed in local communities bound by a common understanding that is largely invisible and impossible to define wholly.
Cross-cultural communication therefore requires environmental awareness of one's own personal surroundings. It is mistaken to assume that the same health care practices work equally well in every culture. Cultures, by definition, have different environmental conditions, and illness arising from those conditions should require solutions from someone who is versed in local cultural traditions and customs.
"Scholarly support for cross-cultural medical training"
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