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Medical Marijuana: Benefits, Risks, and Effects on Children

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Abstract

This essay examines the ongoing debate surrounding medical marijuana laws, exploring arguments from both opponents and proponents. It addresses whether marijuana holds legitimate medical value, evaluates the health risks of use relative to other legal substances, and assesses the claim that medical marijuana policies encourage drug use among children. Drawing on sources including a 1999 U.S. Institute of Medicine study and statements from DEA officials, the paper concludes that marijuana does have legitimate therapeutic applications, that risk is a relative concept requiring individual assessment, and that available data does not support the assertion that medical marijuana laws increase marijuana use among youth.

Key Takeaways
  • Introduction: Overview of the medical marijuana debate
  • Arguments Against Medical Marijuana: IOM study and Schedule 1 classification concerns
  • Health Risks and Social Messaging Concerns: Smoking harms, accidents, and children's perceptions
  • Arguments in Favor of Medical Marijuana: Therapeutic benefits for multiple medical conditions
  • Weighing Benefits Against Risks: Relative safety compared to legal substances
  • Medical Marijuana and Youth Use: State data refutes claims of increased youth use
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What makes this paper effective

  • The paper presents a balanced structure, dedicating roughly equal attention to both sides of the medical marijuana debate before offering a measured conclusion.
  • It grounds claims in cited evidence, including the 1999 U.S. Institute of Medicine study and a DEA Administrative Judge's statement on drug safety, lending credibility to the analysis.
  • The conclusion on youth use is supported by an empirical claim — state-level data — rather than opinion alone, which strengthens its persuasive force.

Key academic technique demonstrated

This paper demonstrates the counterargument-and-rebuttal technique. It first presents the strongest opposing claims (no medical value, health risks, harm to children) and then systematically refutes each with supporting evidence. This structure is particularly effective in persuasive writing because it anticipates reader objections and directly addresses them rather than ignoring them.

Structure breakdown

The essay opens with a brief framing introduction, then moves through two sections developing the case against medical marijuana (lack of medical value, health risks, and social messaging). It then pivots to proponent arguments covering therapeutic applications, a relativistic view of drug safety, and the youth use question. Each major claim made in opposition is answered, creating a clear point-counterpoint flow throughout.

Introduction

The debate over medical marijuana laws has fueled discussion over its true benefits, its risks, and its impact on children. This essay examines the pros and cons of these arguments, finding that medical marijuana does have legitimate medical purposes. It may carry risks, but this is a relative term that must be weighed under individual circumstances. Furthermore, available data does not support the contention that medical marijuana use is increasing drug use among children.

Arguments Against Medical Marijuana

Opponents of medical marijuana contend that it lacks any meaningful medical value. A 1999 U.S. Institute of Medicine study assessing the potential health benefits of marijuana concluded that smoking marijuana is not recommended for the treatment of any disease condition. The study indicated that more effective medications are currently available. Additionally, marijuana is classified as a Schedule 1 drug, which means it has a "high potential for abuse, inducing dangerous side effects, and having no currently accepted medicinal use in treatment in the U.S."

Even if marijuana does have medical value, critics argue that the risks of use exceed its benefits. Smoking three to five joints is roughly equivalent to smoking approximately twenty cigarettes, and marijuana smoke leaves three times more tar on a person's lungs. As a result, daily marijuana-only smokers have a nineteen percent higher rate of respiratory complaints than non-smokers. Because marijuana degrades short-term memory, concentration, judgment, and coordination in complex tasks including driving, daily users also face a 30% higher risk of injuries from accidents.

Health Risks and Social Messaging Concerns

Medical studies have further found that "marijuana contains much more tar, carbon monoxide, and other dangerous chemicals than tobacco; that marijuana smoking affects fertility in both men and women; that it has led to increases in cancers of the head, mouth, and neck; and that it affects school and work performance more than any other drug."

There is also a social messaging concern. By characterizing the use of illegal drugs as quasi-legal and state-sanctioned, critics argue that legalizers destabilize the societal norm that drug use is dangerous. Allowing the medical use of marijuana, they claim, sends the wrong message to children. Children entering drug abuse treatment have routinely reported that they heard marijuana described as medicine and therefore believed it to be beneficial for them.

3 locked sections · 270 words
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Arguments in Favor of Medical Marijuana130 words
Those in favor of medical marijuana believe that studies such as the 1999 U.S. Institute of Medicine report are politically motivated and outdated. There are…
Weighing Benefits Against Risks100 words
Medical marijuana proponents argue that the drug's medical value exceeds its risks, and that there are legal substances more harmful than marijuana. DEA Administrative Law Judge Francis Young stated, "In medical treatment, 'safety'…
Medical Marijuana and Youth Use40 words
It is easy to refute the suggestion that medical marijuana will increase use by children. Data shows that no state with medical marijuana laws has experienced…
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Key Concepts in This Paper
Medical Marijuana Schedule 1 Drug Therapeutic Use Health Risks Drug Safety Youth Drug Use IOM Study Risk-Benefit Analysis Cannabis Policy Social Messaging
Cite This Paper
PaperDue. (2026). Medical Marijuana: Benefits, Risks, and Effects on Children. PaperDue. https://www.paperdue.com/study-guide/medical-marijuana-benefits-risks-children-71097

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