Child Development Observation: Toddler at Age Two
This paper presents a structured observation of Thomas, a two-year-old boy, during a typical afternoon at home. The running record captures his behavior across several activities — watching television, coloring, eating an apple, and playing with Legos alongside older siblings. The analysis applies developmental frameworks from Piaget, Erikson, and researchers such as Fagot et al. and Fiese to assess Thomas's physical, cognitive, language, and social-emotional development. The paper concludes that Thomas demonstrates typical developmental patterns for his age, including representational thought, object permanence, emerging emotional self-regulation, and multiple forms of play.
- Running Record: Narrative observation of Thomas's afternoon activities
- Physical Development: Assessment of motor skills and physical milestones
- Cognitive Development: Piaget's stages applied to Thomas's behavior
- Language Development: Communication skills and speech patterns observed
- Social-Emotional Development: Temperament, attachment, and types of play
- Conclusion and Summary: Reflection on typical toddler developmental patterns
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What makes this paper effective
- The running record is vivid and richly detailed, grounding the subsequent analysis in concrete, observable behavior rather than abstract claims.
- Each developmental domain — physical, cognitive, language, and social-emotional — is addressed separately, giving the analysis clear organization and making it easy to follow the developmental profile.
- Theoretical frameworks (Piaget's sensorimotor and preoperational stages, Erikson's trust vs. mistrust) are applied directly to observed behaviors, demonstrating the bridge between theory and practice.
Key academic technique demonstrated
The paper exemplifies the observation-to-analysis method common in early childhood education courses: raw field notes are recorded objectively in a running record, then interpreted through named developmental theories in a separate analytical section. This separation prevents the observer from editorializing during recording and shows the student's ability to apply course concepts retroactively to real behavior.
Structure breakdown
The paper is divided into three clearly labeled parts. Part 1 (Running Record) is a narrative observation of Thomas over one afternoon. Part 2 (Analysis) is organized by four developmental domains, each citing at least one scholarly source. Part 3 (Conclusion and Summary) reflects on what the observation revealed about toddler development broadly and recaps Thomas's specific behaviors. The References section follows APA format.
Running Record
Thomas is watching Paw Patrol on the couch — not so much sitting as lying on his stomach with his feet in the air. When the episode ends, he cries out, "IT'S OVER!" He gets no response, so he hops down from the couch and looks for his mother. "It's over, Mama!" he whines. "Okay, well, I told you you could watch one episode!" she responds. Thomas whines more loudly. "I want to watch another one! I want to watch Blaze!" he cries, stretching out the sounds in the last words to emphasize them. He pouts, fusses, and pulls at his hair and face as though he cannot stand the predicament. His mother says, "Why don't we color?" Thomas cries more vehemently. His mother, unperturbed, says lovingly and with some excitement in her tone: "We got those new coloring books and crayons from the store! Remember?" Thomas stops crying. "Oh yeah! We got crayons and coloring books!" He is now excited about coloring and jumps up and down, claps his hands, smiles, and laughs. His mother gets up to retrieve the crayons and coloring books.
Thomas colors for a few moments. He does not stay in the lines, but he uses a variety of colors and fills each individual section of the page before selecting a new crayon for the next section. After coloring several pages, he says, "All done, Mama! Now can I have uh apple?" His mother says, "Just one minute." Thomas sidles up alongside her and persists, "Mama, can I have uh apple?" "One minute," she replies. He waits perhaps three seconds, then asks with a little more pout in his tone — his familiar face-pulling and whine appearing — "I want uh apple…" followed by a whimper. "Okay, let's get an apple," his mother says. He follows her happily into the kitchen, jumping and skipping as he goes. She cuts an apple for him, and he dances around the room while eating it.
When his older brother and sister come in, he roars with excitement and shouts with a mouthful of apple, "APPLE!" He spins in several circles before crashing off down the hall. He follows his older siblings and begins watching them play with Legos, mimicking their actions. He sets his apple down and picks up some Legos. Thomas puts three Lego blocks together, then holds them in his hand and picks his apple back up as he stomps around the room roaring like a dinosaur. He stops, moves his head from side to side — his whole body swaying with it — and sings the Paw Patrol theme song in broken toddler English: "Paw Puhchol, Paw Puhchol! Be there on uh double!" as he continues to sway and walk around the room, clutching his Legos and finishing his apple.
References
Fagot, B. I., Hagan, R., Leinbach, M. D., & Kronsberg, S. (1985). Differential reactions to assertive and communicative acts of toddler boys and girls. Child Development, 1499–1505.
Fiese, B. H. (1990). Playful relationships: A contextual analysis of mother–toddler interaction and symbolic play. Child Development, 61(5), 1648–1656.
Garner, B. P., & Bergen, D. (2006). Play development from birth to age four. Play from birth to twelve: Contexts, perspectives, and meanings, 3–12.
Piaget, J. (1964). Part I: Cognitive development in children: Piaget development and learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2(3), 176–186.
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