Airport Security Essays (Examples)

Airport Security Law:
Airport security is one of the major issues that have emerged in today's society for travelers across the globe. It is a major issue because of the increase in insecurity, especially with the increase in global terrorism. Actually, global terrorism has been a problem for air travelers and airlines despite enhanced security measures at airports. The events of 9/11 attacks highlighted the various security risks that airports face and demonstrated that the adopted the security initiatives were not enough to protect airlines and airline travelers. Generally, airport security can be described as methods and techniques used to safeguard staff, passengers, and aircraft from harm, accidents, threats, and crime. As a result of the increased security threats across airports, there are several legislative initiatives that have been taken to enhance security. One of the recent aviation laws that relate to airport security is the proposal by U.S. House Democrats…

It is the harsh reality of life in post-9/11 America that the global terror continues to exact a high toll on American lives and interests at home and abroad, and the terrorist agenda continues to include attacks in the future that may involve weapons of mass destruction.
Furthermore, these types of diminutions of basic constitutional rights are not unique in American history, and President Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in response to the threat to national security during the Civil War and President oosevelt interred over a hundred thousand Japanese-American citizens following the attack on Pearl Harbor. As the level of threats to the national security have ebbed and flowed, then, so too has the level of civil liberties that are afforded the citizens of the United States. In the current environment, it is reasonable to suggest that the need for continuing high levels of airport security remains…

The physical passage from the entrance hub should consist of a single hallway, as narrow as safety limits will allow and without any branching, to ease the monitoring of movement.
This hallway would connect the entrance hub to the main public area of the airport, where shopping and food service establishments would located. Again, this area should be modeled after many existing airports; a large and open area resembling a shopping mall food court that can be easily monitored, and without multiple point of egress and ingress. Everyone entering the area would either have come through the screening process at the entrance hub, or from a plane in one of the terminals where presumably they had been screened before being allowed to board. A single hallway exit from the food/shopping area to the terminals would increase security in the area, as there would ten be only two points of entrance…

Airport Security Design and Implementation
The objective of this work in writing is to devise a plan for setting up a state-of-the-art airport security system. This work will discuss: (1) The security force: selection, organization and training; (2) Airport lay-out: suggest a design which maximizes security management efficiency and passenger flow while minimizing discomfort and delay to air travelers; (3) the screening system step-by-step detailing the process, the equipment used and the function of that equipment; (4) how systems would be integrated for maximum efficiency; and (5) security management of freight air carriers in brief. The design of an airport security plan is complex and inclusive of many considerations to ensure the safety of passengers and employees. The airport security plan serves to increase communication between airport tenants, airport manager and law enforcement as well as serving to identify specific activities to be reported and to increase awareness of airport security…

Airport Security Policies
Few events in life have the potential to impact each and every single member of society, whether it is on a macro (indirect) or micro (direct) level. Even fewer such events actually do impact every single citizen. The Columbine school shootings, the Kent State university shootings, the Oklahoma city bombings, Pearl Harbor, and Vietnam are just a few of the events which are forever embedded into the psyche of millions of Americans. On September 11, 2001, two airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center buildings in New York, another airplane crashed into the Pentagon, and a fourth airplane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania. In addition to the sheer magnitude of these airplane crashes, what makes these crashes notable is the fact that all four airplanes were hijacked by suspected terrorists. As a result of these horrific terrorist attacks, thousands of individuals lost their lives in an instant,…

Almost 30% of the screened baggage is falsely identified as positive for explosives that require manual screening wasting time for the passengers. Also Lollis et.al (2003) reported that passengers are increasingly complaining about the damage or theft to their personal belongings. A survey conducted by Woodyard and Lollis reported that 63% of passengers felt that airport security is " becoming more of a hassle." [Garrick et.al, 2005] Further, the delay in baggage clearing is more prominent in large airports leading to mishandling and delayed arrival of baggage. Airline industry experts feel that the inconvenience with baggage clearance is causing considerable negative impact on passengers and is already affecting the demand for air travel. [Garrick et.al, 2005]
SPOT

This is another novel method of screening used in the U.S. airports. Known as SPOT, (Screening Passengers by Observation Techniques) this technique involves observing the facial expression and body language of persons to identify…

pecifically, current definitions and limitations in the area of profiling make it impossible to implement the types of policies and precautions such as those that have proven successful in Israel. According to acknowledged U.. (Larsen, 2007) and international experts (Hoffman, 2003) in aviation security, the entire approach of screening passengers (1) randomly and (2) only after they set foot onto airport property is not an effective way of preventing terrorism against aviation. By contrast, in Israel, Mossad agents have the authority to question any passenger scheduled for departure on El-Al, Israel's national airline that was once the world's most targeted airline for terrorists (Hoffman, 2003).
Their agents are trained to recognize behavioral cues consistent with possible criminal intent. Vehicles approaching Israeli airports are screened long before they reach airport; Mossad agents conduct preliminary investigations immediately after passengers book flights; and civil rights are not so broad as to limit the…

Airport Security
About the Airport

Current Security Arrangements to Counter Terrorist Threats

Aviation Security System: Available Measures

Analysis of the Current Security System at the Airport

Security Measures equired to Strengthen the Airport

About the Airport

In this study we examine the security measures and processes at the Los Angeles International Airport in USA.

This airport that is popularity referred to LAX airport -- the IATA airport code, is the primary airport the serves the second-most populated metropolitan area in the United States - the Greater Los Angeles Area.

The airport is also one of the busiest in the U.S. as well as the world. This evident from the amount of cargo and passengers that the airport handles every year. 70,622,212 passengers were handled by the airport in 2014 which is by far the highest in the last 14 years. The second largest was 67.3 million in 2000. LAX was identified to be "the world's busiest origin and destination…

Aviation Security
It is important to note that the aviation industry is critical to global trade and industry. It is therefore sad that this also happens to be one of the industries that have in the past suffered the brunt of terror and other security threats. There is need to embrace more effective and efficient security and surveillance measures in seeking to not only discourage crime but also reduce opportunities for the same to occur. This text concerns itself with crime prevention through environmental design in airports. In so doing, it will largely focus on whether or not the principles of CPTED have been considered in Dubai International Airport's terminal 3.

In basic terms, "crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) incorporates security into design using cost-effective methods that increase security plans and procedures while maintaining aesthetics" (Center for Transport Services, 2011). To be able to determine to what extent the principles of…

The anonymous tip proved true and one of the carry on bag of a Comair employee had 13 semiautomatic guns and one .22 caliber rifle along with 8 pounds of marijuana. This incident clearly shocked the TSA and the entire nation and clearly exposed the inherent loopholes in the airport security system. Subsequent to this incident, the TSA made amendments to its security policy requiring airport employees to be screened before they enter the sterile zone. However, the fact remains that neither the federal government or the TSA have made it compulsory to implement 100% screening of employees. Instead what now exists is a random screening of staff who access the sterile zone. With the exception of the Miami international Airport, no other airports in the country insist on 100% screening of the staff on a routine basis. [artholomew Elias, 2010, pg 220]
Higher Standards For Hiring

The need for maintaining…

Price Safety? A Study of Security Costs at FW
allas/Fort Worth Airport initiated some big changes in 2000, changes that will make air travel safer, easier and more convenient for our customers and make getting around inside the Airport quicker and simpler - improvements that will serve the needs of our customers well into the 21st Century."

What a difference a year can make. In 2000, the allas/Ft. Worth Airport was most concerned with providing "world-class service and amenities." Since declaring their intent in their 2000 Annual Report, which was released to the public in early 2001, safety and security issues have come out of the shadows. In the wake of September 11, 2001, Airport officials, the traveling public, the media, the industry and our government have struggled to reassess the role of security and incorporate stricter rules into our daily lives.

Immediately after the events of September 11, FW officials did…

Protecting U.S. Skies and Airports: Israeli Security Methods in U.S. Airports As Gaines and Miller (2013) point out, American security forces focus on finding weapons while Israeli security focuses on finding terrorists. The difference gets to the heart of why the Israeli system is so much more efficient. However, Israel has a population of 8 million—less than that of New York City. And New York City is home to just one of many hubs and international airports in the U.S. Approximately 17 million travelers flew into Ben-Gurion Airport in Israel last year, as well—which is about a third of the number that flew into JFK (Zeff, 2017; NBC, 2018). Because of the sheer volume of travelers throughout the U.S., which dwarfs Israel’s numbers completely, the question is whether Israel’s methods can actually scale and work in a nation as big and open to the rest of the world as the U.S.…

Terrorism Threat There is little doubt that terrorism is at least somewhat of a threat. This was obviously proven by the several planes hijacked on 9/11. Since then, there have been several wars fought and other military-related initiatives undertaken. These attacks and missions have related to the deposing of terrorism-supporting or terrorism-causing leaders. It has also involved the attacking and repression of groups like Al Qaeda and ISIS/ISIL. While terrorism groups are not the threat they were ten to twenty years ago, to suggest that the Transpiration Security Administration (TSA) and its efforts are not needed is simply not true.
Analysis
The proverbial equation that is cited when it comes to airport security is how many rights and freedoms people are willing to give up in exchange for safety. In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, this was obviously not hard to justify or explain. The creation of the Department of Homeland Security…

Airport Screening for Terrorists
There are a variety of reasons why United States security does not profile terrorists, particularly at major national and international venues such as airports. The main reason why terrorists are not profiled in this setting is because it is virtually impossible to devise a neat, categorical description of what a quintessential terrorist is/looks like. It is true that virtually all of the terrorists involved in the destruction of the World Trade Center were Middle Eastern men from the ages of 20 and 40. Does this fact mean that a Middle Eastern man who is 41, for instance, could not be a terrorist? Or perhaps one that is 19? Although the terrorists who destroyed the World Trade Center all fit one neat category, others do not. For instance, the young man from Nigeria who attempted to detonate some sort of homemade explosive while above Detroit was not Middle…

The Miami International Airport terminal is stated to present "notable life safety challenges because of large occupant loads, presence of significant combustible loads, complex security restrictions, and less than ideal egress provisions from interior spaces." (Miami International Airport, 1998) The Life Safety Master Plan (LSMP) is stated to provide a summary of the fire safety surveys and studies conducted. The first line of defense is stated to be that of prevention of fire however, the facility's size and complexity makes a requirement that there is complete coverage "by automatic fire protection systems...in place in case prevention fails." (Miami International Airport, 1998 ) Also required in combination with highly reliable automatic protection systems are manual fire fighting capabilities of an enhanced nature.
Drug Trafficking Threats

The South Florida HIDTA reports that the Miami International Airport (MIA) is not only the busiest airport in the United States for international cargo but it is…

They compete with each other for business, seek to build both aviation and non-aviation revenue streams and they must also deal with enhanced security requirements. This places significant pressure on the airport sector. The response within the sector has been twofold. Some airports have become privatized, which allows major airport operators to utilize their expertise across a range of markets. The other solution is the development of public airports that serve as branches of their governments, attracting passengers and investment to the region. Both types of airports have strong, multifaceted strategic mandates and are among the vanguard of modern air transportation.
orks Cited:

Babu, V., Batta, R. & Lin, L. (2004). Passenger grouping under constant threat probability in an airport security system. European Journal of Operational Research. Vol. 168 (2) 633-644.

Barnard, B. (2010). Global air cargo revenue grows 40%. The Journal of Commerce. Retrieved November 8, 2010 from http://www.joc.com/air-expedited/global-air-cargo-revenue-grows-40-percent

Cidell, J. (2004).…

Airport PDA
A consistent problem for many of the thousands if not millions of airline passengers that pass through airports every day is keeping track of luggage, and making sure that their baggage remains with them. Once the bags are checked in with the airline, it truly is out of the passengers' hands, and lost or misdirected luggage is still a major problem -- though numbers are down significantly from previous years, bags are still lost at a rate of three out of every thousand handled (USDOT, 2011). Given the number of bags handled each day, this quickly adds up to a significant problem. The proposed wireless network and PDA application will provide a way for both airport/airline personnel and passengers to track their bags by establishing a network that covers all baggage handling areas as well as passenger terminals, and is connected to computer terminals at customer service desks as…

Take for instance the privacy which could be infringed by being recorded on a video camera while boarding on a plane or being in the company of a partner other than one's spouse.
Then, there is the multitude of checkups to which the travelers is subjected, starting with the general verification of the documents, to the very personal and invasive body search. In some cases, women are asked to take off their shoes so that the high heels can be scanned. While all these are not necessarily illegal, they can be invasive and denigrating.

There is also the enhanced search of all people who seem of Arab descent, due to the misconception and fear manifested upon the presence of an Arab within an American airport. This behavior can easily lead to situations of discrimination, which are as illegal as it gets. Additionally, "special treatment" is also being offered to native born…

security career is varied, offering people wishing to pursue this option with jobs like security guard, loss prevention specialist, crossing guard, deputy sheriff, even security management specialists. The cross fields and some need special training as well as a degree for a person to gain access too, not to mention, some jobs requires prior experience, at least one year. With that said, the most in demand and easy to apply and access job in the security career field is loss prevention specialist. Although it can be hard at times to catch suspected shoplifters, it will teach the person working the job, how to spot suspected criminal activity and learn how to properly detain and question criminal suspects.
Often this kind of job only requires a high school diploma and doesn't need long-term training. Furthermore, the hours are not long unless the person elects to work for a 24-hour store, which…

Airport Security
Has airport security improved since 9/11/2001

There are certain historical moments which change everything: 9/11 is one of them. In addition to the seismic policy and personal effects of the tragedy, airport security and attitudes towards airport security have undergone substantial reforms. New screening methods of passengers in airports cost about $4 billion per year and security is now handled by the government in the form of the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), within the Department of Homeland Security, versus the private entities which used to handle security previously for the major carriers (McClure 2005). Security has clearly grown more visible and tighter but the question arises: is it truly safer to fly in the post 9/11 world? "Before 9/11, airport security consisted of a ticket agent asking if you packed your bag yourself, if it had been in your continuous custody since you packed it, and whether you had been…

To offer an information security awareness training curriculum framework to promote consistency across government (15).

Security awareness is needed to ensure the overall security of the information infrastructure. Security awareness programs is the can help organizations communicate their security information policies, as well as tips for users, to help keep systems secure, and the practices the entire organization should be utilizing. However, as Kolb and Abdullah reiterate, "security awareness is not about training but rather designed to change employee behavior" (105).

A program concerning security awareness should work in conjunction with the information technology software and hardware JCS utilizes. In this way, it mitigates the risks and threats to the organization. Security awareness is a defensive layer to the information system's overall security structure. Although not a training program, per se, security awareness does provide education to the end users at JCS, regarding the information security threats the organization faces, and the…

Airports, Airspace, And Air Traffic Control
A Manager's Perspective from an Aeronautical Point-of-View on Airports, Airspace, and Air Traffic control

Team resource management defines the efficient and effective use of resources that are available including people, information, and equipment. It always targets security enhancement and efficient management of air traffic control (Hikmat, 2013). The principles that guide the management of the team in air traffic control include the following aspects.

Developing human factors

Linking the human factors with constantly occurring events

Using the best practices to manage the crew

These principles are effective to counter human error having an optimum use of all the available resources, thereby improving services and operations of an air traffic controller (Wiene, Kanki, & Helmreich, 1993). Human factors in air traffic control have an enormous contribution in the management of air traffic. The constantly increasing delays in air traffic and accidents all arise from instructional human error. Management works to improve…

They carry structural firefighting protective clothing because the FAA considers the fuselage of an airplane to be a structure."
Larry illiams is a training consultant for aircraft firefighting and he points out in the Jackson report (p. 8) that the technology of crash fire rescue firefighting has advanced "…well beyond the days of chemical foam and asbestos suits to the point where a 6,000-gallon capacity crash vehicles can be operated by one person." Just about all actual firefighting by airport firefighters is done from inside that vehicle, illiams explains. The FAA has a similar view. The advanced capability of Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF) "…now enable airport firefighters to control and essentially extinguish large aviation fuel fires while still in the attacking vehicle" (Jackson, p. 9).

Meanwhile, when it comes to a situation where an aircraft has crashed at an airport and there is an emergency rescue and firefighting task ahead,…

Transportation Security and Intrusiveness of Security Screenings
America's land, seaways, and air transportation systems are structured in such a manner that enhances efficiency and enables easy access, the two features that also at the same time make these transportation systems susceptible to attacks. The expenses and difficulty of protecting the entire transportation systems from attacks raises a critical issue for legislators and other policymakers in the government: in that how much money and effort should be utilized towards preventing attacks in the country compared to the alternative of pursuing and defeating terrorists wherever they are. While completely proofing the entire transportation sector from attacks is an almost impossible task, strategies can be formulated to significantly reduce the risk of attacks. The emphasis by policymakers should be put in coming up with the resources to build a prevention, protection, and rapid response system that can greatly reduce the likelihood and consequences of…

Honolulu International Airport (HNL) is one of the world's largest, oldest, and most beautiful airports.
As the principal aviation gateway of the city and county of Honolulu on Oahu in the State of Hawaii, HNL is also identified as one of the busiest airports in the United States. Total traffic now exceeds 21 million passengers a year and is rising (Honolulu International Airport, 2016).

Owned and operated by the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, HNL covers 4,520 acres of fast and submerged land. The airport itself is larger than the major resort destination of Waikiki, which is located 10 miles to the south (Honolulu International Airport, 2016).

HNL has four active runways, including the 12,000-foot Reef Runway. When it was built, the Reef Runway was the world's first major runway built entirely offshore (Honolulu International Airport, 2016). The airport is served by 27 international and domestic carriers, two interisland airlines, and four…

Orlando Airport Might Join Ranks of Those Hiring Private Screeners
Orlando International Airport has been in the news a lot lately as they are one of several airports in the United States at the forefront of the airport scanner and security pat down issues. Most people have heard of the issue, but for those who have not, it is quite simple: increased security needs at the airport have created a need for new and improved technology, and the new airport security screeners have been implemented in response to this issue. These scanners make an image of the outline of the body, much like an X-ray. If somebody has something stashed under their clothing, the scanner would show it. There are split opinions on the validity and fairness of these scanners.

Some people are saying that the scanners are violating their rights. They say that they are near pornographic in nature because they…

However, just how one is supposed to recognize future threats is difficult to determine. After all, if one imagines that excessive support in intervention, arms supply, technology, and financial backing is a key factor, combined with a strong religious motivation of the recipient nation, group, or organization, Israel or at the very least the Israeli right wing may one day be as dangerous as any Islamic threat may pose today.
Although much thought can be devoted to the necessary international, political and military strategies employed by the United States as a world power, it remains clear that of foremost concern to American families is their safety at home. Of course, war is never easy, particularly for those deployed in battle, or for their families. However, when a nation is attacked on its own soil it not only faces a "real damage," but it also suffers greatly in morale (Schweitzer, 2003).…

Technology changed Security and Terrorism?
Terrorists have evolved in their warfare and now they exploit modern technologies to facilitate every stage of their operation such as recruitment, training, planning and attack. Counter terrorism efforts therefore require more effort, continued research and high tech solutions to prevent, protect and to safeguard innocent citizens. The key to victory is not just the volume of information at our disposal but more importantly how effectively the information is analyzed and disseminated among anti-terror vigilance networks in different nations. Only a coordinated approach to counter terrorism would yield fruit, and for this, standardization of security measures across the international checkpoints is indispensible. There is no one solution to solve the problem of terrorism but with the development of newer technological solutions such as iometric identification, iosensors and terahertz imaging systems and other software solutions we can look forward to achieving the objective of a safer…

OSIIT
An analysis of IT policy transformation

The aim of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of information security policy in the context of an organization, OSI Systems, Inc. With presence in Africa, Australia, Canada, England, Malaysia and the United States, OSI Systems, Inc. is a worldwide company based in California that develops and markets security and inspection systems such as airport security X-ray machines and metal detectors, medical monitoring anesthesia systems, and optoelectronic devices. The company is also represented by three subsidiary divisions in offices and plants dedicated to the brands, apiscan Systems, OSI Optoelectronics and SpaceLabs Healthcare.

In 2010, OSI, Inc. had sales of $595 million with net income of over $25 million. As of June 2010, the company was comprised of 2,460 personnel globally. The parent company provides oversight and fiscal control to the different divisions, and is connected through its virtual network world-wide intranet system; with external integration…

Beginning in October of 2005, organizational arrangements for emergency management functions on a federal level were put into place, in the reorganization begun by Secretary Chertoff.
Pros and Cons about the Homeland Security Program

There are good things about the Homeland Security Program in the U.S. A list of positives would include the fact that some safeguards must be implemented in order to keep the country safe. Local and national law enforcement efforts to this effect might keep thousands or millions of people in the U.S. from being wounded or killed. Counterintelligence efforts, legal or otherwise have turned up some plots by terrorists to wreak havoc, though the equal potential for abusing this privilege is omnipresent. Likewise, the prosecution of terrorists has instilled an awareness and deterrence of like crimes, though the potential for abuse has been raised as a legal issue. The people have come to rely on the agencies…

The management of large organizations is a very crucial issue, whether they are government-related or not (Argyris, 1993; Argyris & Schon, 1978; Broom, Jackson, Harris, & Vogelsang-Coombs, n.d.; Brown & Brudney, 2003; Hatry, 1999; Haynes, 1999). Often, however, the government does not seem to realize that it must manage itself in the same way that a business would in certain aspects if it is to succeed and therefore it does not market itself to the public.
The spending that has been involved with the Department of Homeland Security is also crucial, because it has changed over time to reflect the needs and the realization of what it takes to make the Department work (Eggen & Mintz, 2003). This spending is important to discuss, because it indicates how much of the government's money - and by extension how much of the tax dollars of Americans - is going toward funding this…

Thus, the progress was, in fact, achieved through the intergovernmental ability of those commanding our country to have their requests travel both ways, and the DHS thus enabled Washington to reach the average policeman.
Early criticisms of the DHS, though existent, have now all but been erased. However, these criticisms at first included references of redundancy. Many thus questioned whether the DHS was actually necessary especially in the aftermath of the attacks. This matter was corner-stoned by the belief of many that security had indeed not been improved but rather nominal measures were taken to simply look as if the Bush administration was being tough on terrorism. Despite such criticism, the DHS, in hindsight, as there were no known terrorist attacks on American soil since, one can state that the DHS has achieved some security. However, one cannot say whether it prevented attacks or whether they were even planed; however…

Administrative Search Exception
Administrative Search Exemption

Administrative search exception: Why it applies to airport searches

The 'administrative search exception' has often been called the TSA's attempt to circumvent the Fourth Amendment. However, "while the new TSA enhanced pat downs may violate the Fourth Amendment on the surface, what most people are not aware of is that the 9th Circuit Court of the United States ruled on the search of passengers in airports back in 1973, which effectively suspends limited aspects of the Fourth Amendment while undergoing airport security screening" (Frischling 2010). The U.S. Supreme Court case which established the exclusionary rule as a rule of law (the idea that 'fruit of the poisonous tree' evidence obtained illegally could not be used against a defendant in a court of law) was not found to be applicable in this particular category of searches. The U.S. Supreme Court had already established in 1968 that police officers…

However, the reviews published by customers have also tended to shine a positive light on the personnel at the airport, nothing that the staff seems to be particularly well-tuned to the needs of passengers even during such infrequent but challenge system-wide failures.
Major success factors

Major success factors will be the reduction or outright prevention of security breaches, the retained convenience of flying, the prevention of system failures, the maintenance of schedule, the acceptance on the part of employees of changing security culture and the overall ability of the airport to remain within the parameters of federal compliance.

Major risk factors

The primary risk factor is in changing the airport's security to a reliance which is more heavily it based, with the understanding the employees must adopt the change or the overall security of the facility will be compromised.

orks Cited

Airport Fact. (2009). Naples Muni Airport (APF) Real Time Status. APF KAPF Flight &…

Adopt an Airport
The Miami International Airport (code MIA) generates upwards of $30 billion in revenue per year, bringing in the vast majority (70%) of all international visitors to the entire state of Florida ("About Us," 2017). Therefore, MIA is a gateway airport to Florida and not just Miami. Furthermore, MIA is the gateway airport linking Latin America and the Caribbean with the United States, with more flights to and from these regions than any other airport in the United States ("About Us," 2017). According to the Miami International Airport's own website, their goal is to become a "hemispheric hub," ("About Us," 2017). However, there are several impediments to MIA reaching its status, the main one being its outdated infrastructure and terminals, which are reflected in its outdated and clunky website.

Organizational Structure

Airports in the United States exhibit different types of organizational structure depending in part on their ownership. Most airports in…

"
One of the largest issues between the two nations is the issue of truck passage. In the past trucks carrying goods or cargo had enjoyed a cursory glance as they crossed into the other nation however, after the World Trade Towers came down border agents on both sides of the border began to investigate trucks with much more scrutiny than ever before.

Historic allies, Canada and the United States agreed following 9-11 to a plan for a "secure and smart border" both U.S. And Canadian officials said would protect against terrorist attacks while facilitating this vital stream of trade. Seventy percent of the trade with Canada is truck-borne, with a truck crossing the border every three seconds in a stream of 200,000 vehicles each day (Canada, 2002).

The essence of that agreement was that the United States and Canada would devise ways to identify regular, unthreatening traffic in people and cargo and…

According to the same source, the Australian market proves to be very fertile for the U.S. companies which already account for the greatest import share (over 50% in 2004). Such data are outlined by the following table:
Country

Total market (million of dollars)

Total imports (million of dollars)

Imports from U.S. (million of dollars)

U.S share

2002 2004%Change 2002-2004%Change 2002-2004%Change Australia 950-1400 47% 380-560 47% 185-285 54% 51% Source: http://www.buyusainfo.net/docs/x_4239321.pdf.

The U.S. home security market is another outlet offering promising perspectives. According to Frost & Sullivan's report (http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=365296),one of the levers responsible for increased demand is the emergence of new homes as a result of the low interest rate. The U.S. Census ureau studies showed that, in 2002, 1.7 million new houses were built in comparison with 2001 when 1.6 million new constructions were made. Moreover, the number was expected to grow in the near future.

Other reasons for a security market boost are terrorist attacks and…

Air Cargo Security
Since the events of 911, airport security has been an important issue. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA)" is responsible for ensuring the security of all modes of transportation, including cargo placed aboard airplaines and particularly focuses on passenger-carrying planes" (TSA). The TSA is part of the Department of Homeland Security. According to the latest information available, the TSA employs 620 Cargo Transportation Security Inspectors who are exclusively dedicated to the oversight of air cargo. One hundred twenty of these are canine teams. The numbers of security inspectors and canine teams has increased significantly since 2006 (TSA).

Obviously, no one wants to see another tragedy. Terrorism continues to be a threat and security measures must try to keep pace with ever-changing strategies that terrorists try to employ. There has been much in the news about passenger screening, x-ray technology, and rights to privacy. Passengers do not present the only possible…

Aviation Security Since 911
How has aviation security improved since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001? hat do reliable sources in the literature say with reference to safety and security in 2015? And how effective is the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) at keeping air travelers safe? This paper covers those issues and in particular provides a number of good sources commenting on the quality (or lack of quality) displayed by the TSA employees.

Generalizations about aviation security in the Post-911 era

For most people who travel by air, the screening at the airports in 2015 is certainly more thorough than it was prior to 911, but there are continuing problems with TSA, as will be documented in this paper. But at the beginning of this paper it is worth reviewing the "Mission" of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in terms of what the U.S. Government wants the public to know: "Safety is…

Safe After 911?
Life is different after 9/11. We are not as safe as we thought we were before 9/11. The terrorists who attacked the United States not only killed Americans. To some extent, they killed the American way of life. This isn't to say the life was perfect in America before the terrorists struck. It wasn't. The fear we felt before the attacks was a personal fear, though. It was the everyday fears that everyone has to some degree. This has been altered considerably. We worry now about terrorists attacking our country in ways that we have learned about, such as the plane attacks or chemical strikes. We also worry about the ways we can be threatened and not have any idea of what type of attack is planned, or where it might occur.

There are so many repercussions from the attacks on 9/11. The economy has suffered and the…

.....blueprints of a new airport which would have two separate runways and is seen as the most beneficial project that could be carried out in the region especially considering financial, environmental and security implications. This airport would have two runways running parallel to one another which will be in use concurrently. This runway will be built to 4-E specification, which comfortably accommodates all present day commercial plane designs and those whose designs are still in infancy. Aircraft parking spaces, taxi roads as well as several passenger terminal buildings will also be constructed. The major passenger terminal would be where normal passenger activities such as baggage checks, baggage claim for arrivals, ticket processing and passport inspection as well as customs will be carried out. After this, the screened passengers will then make their way to their respective terminals via boarding trains. These will be located all across the airport with openings…

Despite its clear benefits and advantages in terms of ease of use and cost effectiveness, there are certain risks associated with wireless networking. These risks are discussed further below.

Review of the Literature.

Security Risks Associated with IEEE WLAN 802.11. The applications for wireless communication technology continue to develop and expand; today, at least, the 802.11b is the standard of choice for wireless router communication used with network installation (Gonazles & Higby 2003). "The integrity of the transmitted data is a valid 2.4 GHz. At this wavelength medium, the propagation of wavelength maintains strong connectivity" (Gonzales & Higby 2003, p. 30). The technology of WLANs actually dates back to the mid-1980s; during this period, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) freed up radio frequency (rf) to the industry. "Initially, this was viewed as a broadcast reception procedure and very little thought went to broadcast transmission" (Gonzales & Higby 2003, p. 30). Early innovations…

air cargo industry experienced tremendous growth since inception because of various factors in the aviation industry, particularly the freight sector. The growth and development of this industry is evident in its current significance on the freight sector. Moreover, this industry currently accounts for huge profitability in the freight sector because of increased shipping of various packages across the globe. This increased shipping is fueled by increased interconnectedness of people and countries due to rapid technological factors.
However, the industry has experienced tremendous challenges and concerns in relation to security because of the increase of security issues and emergence of new security threats throughout the world. Some of the major security challenges or issues facing the air cargo industry include terrorism, hijacking threat, vulnerability to security breaches, and probable introduction of explosive devices. These security threats are largely brought by the development of sophisticated tools and means for criminal activities by…

Countermeasures After 911
Technology

Without a doubt, September 11th changed a tremendous amount about how we live and about how safe (and unsafe) we feel. These attacks caused enormous changes and countermeasures regarding the way we travel and the way we interact with one another and the way in which we use technology. However, ever since the ten-year anniversary of 9/11 has come and gone, it begs to determine just how much we've changed in the way that we live, examining specific areas of technology, commerce and communication. Consider the following: "In spite of a doubling of the intelligence budget since 2001 to $80 billion, the creation or reorganizing of some 263 government organizations, and the formation of the $50 billion Department of Homeland Security, the government has largely fallen short, the new report notes. The report states that while some progress has been made, 'some major September 11 Commission recommendations remain…

Private Security
The various factors that influence both the definition and the perception of private security are typically environmental but can be internal and external to the issue of security itself. In most developed nations, the state provides security forces that are paid for by tax payers (local, municipal, state and federal police, and military forces); however, private security forces, typically operated by ex-military officers who bring their training and experience into the private sector to fill gaps in the market where demand cannot be satisfied by state security apparatuses alone, do exist and do operate both in developed and developing nations. Private security contractors like Academi, GRS, and Aegis look like military forces and often work with military forces when political factors require governments to apply to them for assistance (as has been the case with the U.S. government in the Middle East (Elsea) as well as with Middle Eastern…

Briefing on Security
Board Briefing on Security

Terrorism in Commercial Organizations

Terrorism in Airlines

Current Threats to Aviation

Insider Threats

Automation Adds Efficiency

Improving Total Operations

Increased Threats from Advanced Explosives

Threat against Airline Services and Airports

Necessary Steps to Improve Aviation Security

Terrorism is the systematic use of terror. It does not have a legal binding or definition in criminal law. Commonly, it is referred to creation of fear through violence (Townshend, 2002). Terrorism is usually defined and assumed as a group phenomenon (Hofmann, 2012). Terrorism has spread across the globe with its many forms and indicators. The emotional and diplomatic use of the word terrorism has resulted in a difficulty to provide an appropriate definition of terroorism (aman, 2008). esearches have figured out more than hundred definitions of the word. The notion of terrorism is arguable due to two main reasons. Firstly, it is often used by government and other ruling bodies to delegitimize political or other rivals,…

Aer Lingus, 2012a ()
No security breach has even been recorded on the Aer Lingus website so the website can be thought to be tightly secure and that all the necessary steps have been taken to ensure that the personal information of their customers is kept safe.

Methods for ensuring greater security for customers

One of the ways which the company can ensure that they continue maintaining this record of security and providing greater security for customers is to make sure the company has a security work team. This will be a team that is involved in checking the security of the company's website and other online products as their daily activity.

The second method is to ensure they keep up-to-date with changes in the technological world. Technology changes pretty fast therefore the company needs to keep up with these changes especially in the online security field. This will ensure the company always…

National security cards also have the ability to provide useful information and insight to policymakers on which areas of a given country will most likely be the least secure and which pose potential security threats (Ortmeier, 2009). This will also force nations to into strategic identity management systems and taxonomies of how they classify threats to their populations. The use of analytics and big data or exceptionally large and complex data sets, will become commonplace in five years or less as a result of the adoption of national security cards across more nations in the world (Ortmeier, 2009). National security cards will also be increasingly used for managing healthcare, human services and social programs, as the United Kingdom has successfully done for example. The broader implications to the future of security from the use of national identity cards are evident in how advanced forms of security authentication continue to…

The Homeland Security Appropriations Act supplies a total of four billion for state and local assistance agendas. State-based formula grants are financed at one and half billion, including four hundred million for law enforcement, with necessities directing the utilization of the per capita formula. The all hazards Emergency Management Performance Grant program is financed at one hundred and eighty million. Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) grants are also made available. The bill provides a total of three hundred and fifteen million in transportation security grants. Firefighter assistance grants are financed at seven hundred and fifteen million, including sixty five million for hiring (Fact Sheet: Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2005, 2004). All of these regulations have placed increased burden on both state and local governments to carry out the tasks that have been placed on them by the approval of these acts.

eferences

Fact Sheet: Department of Homeland Security Appropriations…

Physical Security Controls
To document the importance of physical security controls as it relates to the massive pervasiveness of online theft and cyber crime

Background information on the identification and authentication of people.

With the advent of the internet it is often very difficult to properly identify the individual in which business is conducted with. With the extreme ease of the internet comes the secrecy of potential criminal lurking through the shadows. Identification and authentication therefore have profound impacts on how to better protect assets from criminals.

The importance of information systems security and how it relates to globalization

Information systems, particularly those that store personal information, often are very senstivie to criminal activity. Therefore physical store techniques mandate that sensitivity information be locked away and under intense surveillance. Aspects such as disposable drives, printers and workstations should also be considered.

C. Brief overview of the paper.

i. The remainder of this paper will discuss proper surveillance,…

A plethora of private firms around the world offer customized security and risk management services. TAL Global and the Wexford Group are two firms that offer some of the most comprehensive security and risk management services, strategies, and techniques, interfacing between public and private sector and wielding power in a wide range of jurisdictions. Wexford Group offers services including operational advising, law enforcement support, program management, risk assessment, operations and intelligence fusion, development and fielding, and also recruitment, assessment, selection, and training (RAST) support for government agencies and private industries. TAL Global offers airport and aviation security, emergency preparedness planning, executive protection, risk management, school safety and security, and a range of other security services within their organizational rubric. These two organizations have similar leadership structures, dividing their different duties into different departments, each with its own organizational sub-structures. Working within the laws and jurisdictions of any client context, TAL…

.....blueprints of a new airport which would have two separate runways and is seen as the most beneficial project that could be carried out in the region especially considering financial, environmental and security implications. This airport would have two runways running parallel to one another which will be in use concurrently. This runway will be built to 4-E specification, which comfortably accommodates all present day commercial plane designs and those whose designs are still in infancy. Aircraft parking spaces, taxi roads as well as several passenger terminal buildings will also be constructed. The major passenger terminal would be where normal passenger activities such as baggage checks, baggage claim for arrivals, ticket processing and passport inspection as well as customs will be carried out. After this, the screened passengers will then make their way to their respective terminals via boarding trains. These will be located all across the airport with openings…

In addition, there are also numerous vehicles that are required for running the airport facilities such as baggage transportation, fuels transportation and maintenance and upkeep of the runways and surrounding lands require trucks and utility vehicles. The airport has switched, wherever possible, to natural gas or electricity run vehicles.
Economic Impact

There are, currently, 32 passenger airlines and 19 cargo airlines that use the Hartsfield-Jackson airport. The 2006 statistics as posted by the airport authorities on the official website offer the following details.

Passengers Cargo in Metro Tons

Freight/Express/Mail Aircraft Operations

Landings and Takeoffs

Domestic

International

Transit

The airport is the largest employer in the State of Georgia, with a payroll of $2.4 billion. Approximately 56,000 individuals are employed by the airport either directly or through contracts agencies. It is estimated that the direct and indirect impact of the airport is $5.6 billion. In turn, "the annual, regional economic impact of the Airport is more than $23.5 billion.…

Aircraft Flight Disturbance
Internal Memo:

Lessons Learned From September 26th O'Hare International Airport Incident

Senior Management

ecommendations to Avert Widespread Flight Disturbances

On September 26th, 2014, both O'Hare and Midway airports experienced a day-long disruption of operations that led to over 2,000 flights being cancelled and the entire nation affected by the disruption of operations. An employee with psychological problems intent on killing himself started a fire in the basement telecommunications room of the Aurora, Illinois control center, then attempted to slit his throat. After posting his suicide note on Facebook, relatives called 911 and both his life and the control center were saved. The fire damaged the most critical areas of the IT infrastructure for air traffic control for both the O'Hare and Midway airports, forcing air traffic control locations in adjacent states to take on one of the busiest areas of the country for air travel. The lack of IT controls in place…

Atlanta International Airport is the busiest airport in the world, serving 80 million passengers and employing over 10,000 people. The Operations Director must ensure that all of the process, procedures and organizational structures enable the airport to be efficient, effective and always improving. This paper will discuss the Atlanta Airport in the context of its operations management success and will also work in an example from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan as well.
Allen (2009) outlines the transformational model as a set of seven variables that need to be aligned for a business to be successful. The seven variables are environment, strategy, culture, core processes, systems, structure and results. The core processes at Atlanta International Airport include baggage handling, aircraft maintenance, air traffic control, security, designing passenger flow, passenger information systems, loading and unloading the aircraft and providing information and basic services.

For the customer, these activities should appear to be seamlessly…

This makes it easier for investigators to identify connections by clicking on a particular item in the three-dimensional link.
The difficulties of this process of proving such a chain indicates the importance of creating steps that can help companies simplify the task of conducting a computer forensic investigation, should one ever be required. The article stresses that the most important step is to ensure that network logging devices are turned on, even though these devices use disk space and processor time. If they are turned off, investigations can become impossible. Closing any unneeded ports on the company firewall and patching systems regularly, are also helpful.

This article paints an overall benign portrait of law enforcement, zealously protecting user privacy and safety. It demonstrates how an apparently invisible crime can be rendered visible through the use of technology, and both the law and law enforcement's attempts to stay one step ahead of…

Homeland Security
There are those who cite the failure of the Department of Homeland Security since the attack of September 11, 2011 however, the successes of Homeland Security are clearly noted in the work of others. This study will review the successes of the Department of Homeland Security.

IT Developments

The Government Accountability Office in its 226-page report states that the Homeland Security Information Network, which is the core of the Department's mission is a "secure portal for security alerts, advisories and information on homeland security technologies, and is used by a large network of federal, state, local, and private sector organizations, from emergency management to law enforcement and critical infrastructure providers." (Hoover, 2011) Included in the portal are "document libraries, instant messaging, incident reporting, discussion boards, and numerous other features." (Hoover, 2011)

Another success for the Department of Homeland Security is the 'Trusted Internet Connections and Einstein' and it is reported that…

The most appropriate use of state and local law enforcement counter-terrorism resources (beyond soft target protection and small-scale tactical response) is in a role far less glamorous than preventing the large scale unconventional attacks that present the greatest danger domestically. ather than focusing on prevention, local and state agencies must develop effective implementation plans for orderly evacuation of those unharmed by the initial attack but still located within close enough proximity to suffer from its immediate aftermath. One of their most valuable contributions would be, very simply, emergency management preparation to distribute federally supplied "push packs" each containing approximately seventeen large truckloads of emergency supplies and medications designed to be provided immediately to any area attacked on a large scale by terrorists because antibiotics and the other vital materials in the packs are not any help if they are left sitting on airport tarmacs where federal responsibility for their deployment…

The DHS is consistent with the larger social trend on a global scale concerning institutional security measures insofar as Risley (2006) reports that "the securitization of an ever-expanding number of realms is a distinguishing feature of the contemporary political landscape." (1) This is to argue that in addition to the events such as 9/11 which can be seen as a clear catalyst to the changes in structure which have been underway since the end of 2001, there is also something of a broader sociological pattern which is reflected in the merger undertaken in the national security sector. The diminishing lines between commerce, governance and military engagement are perhaps best reflected in this parallel between the security community and the corporate world. The sociological implications are therefore rather significant in coming to understand why certain changes have been sought and in producing reasonable expectations as to what these changes may produce.…

Homeland Security and Information Technology
Security and Technology

iometrics

Cyberterrorism

Geospatial Information System

The 9/11 bombing of the World Trade Center raised the awareness of the American public relative to the need for increased national security. The agency that is in the forefront of providing this security is the Department of Homeland Security. This agency is responsible for a broad range of security issues and, as a result, is confronted with a wide range of technological needs. The agency is forced to confront individuals and organizations who have availability to the latest technological innovations available on the market and the Department of Homeland Security must not only be prepared to confront the latest technology it must also anticipate future innovations.

Security and Technology

In today's world dominated by technology possessing information is even more important than it once was. The old adage is that information is power and the adage is even more important than it once…