Antibiotics Essays (Examples)

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Antibiotics
When Antibiotics Quit Working

When they first began to be used, antibiotics were considered miracle drugs because they cured infections that normally killed many people. Over the decades, these compounds have come to be a common treatment for bacterial infections. But as the use of antibiotics has increased, a seriously dangerous side-effect has developed: antibiotic resistant bacteria. Almost every bacteria that has been treated with antibiotics over the years has become more resistant to the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments. As a result, bacterial infections are more difficult than ever to treat and infections that have no loner been seen as a threat to humans are beginning to return and threatening people once again.

It was in 1928 that Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, called penicillin. Antibiotics are "natural compounds produced by a fungus or another microorganism that kills bacteria which cause disease in humans or animals." ("Antibiotic esistance Questions and Answers.")….

antibiotics have saved millions of lives, their efficacy is diminished over time because of antibiotic resistance. Many pathogens possess the ability to multiply and mutate rapidly in response to the presence of antibiotics, and those mutations that are the hardiest will survive, making successive generations even more resistant. To determine how these antibiotic resistant processes operate and what steps researchers have taken in response, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion.
The Evolution of Antibiotic esistance

When it was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, penicillin was widely hailed, and rightfully so, as a miracle drug. While penicillin and other antibiotics have in fact saved millions of lives over the past several decades, the tendency of many physicians to over-prescribe these medications as well as the proliferation of the use of antibiotics by….

Using Antibiotics
PAGES 5 WORDS 1386

Antibiotics
Penicillin

Mechanism of Action

Penicillin G, when injected into the patient, will act against actively proliferating penicillin-sensitive strains of bacteria (Drugs.com, 2011). This does not include several strains of staphylococci producing penicillinase or bacteria that are quiescent. The mechanism of action is inhibition of cell-wall mucopeptide biosynthesis. Penicillin G. works best against staphylococci groups A, B, C, G, H, L, and M, pneumococci, Neisseria meningitides, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Treponemapallidum, and many others.

Clinical Uses

Penicillin is used to treat serious infections, such as septicemia, pneumonia, endocarditis, pericarditis, empyema, and meningitis (Drugs.com, 2011). Penicillin is also indicated in cases of anthrax, botulism, actinomycosis, diphtheria, listeria infections, erysipelothrix endocarditis, severe infections of the oropharynx, lower respiratory tract, and genitals. Penicillin is also used to treat gonorrhea, syphyilis, rat-bite fever, and Haverhill fever. Only penicillin-sensitive bacteria should be treated due to the risk of creating penicillin-resistant strains. Although treatment should begin immediately in urgent cases, the sensitivity of….

Chicken are treated with antibiotics and with a drug with contains arsenic. These drugs are given to birds when they are sick, and also, to make them grow faster. This treatment on birds is dangerous for humans because, if the meat isn't cooked well, people can fall ill, and the drugs that they were normally using would not destroy bacteria. This is because of the fact that excessive use of antibiotics on chicken made the bacteria develop stronger in its body and because the meat isn't cooked properly, bacteria are transferred in the organism, being immune to common drugs. This case is not only for chicken, but for the other animals, such as pigs, cows, etc. So, the meat or other products from chickens, pigs, cows that have been administrated antibiotics is not healthy, and can make people fall ill, with their affections being difficult to treat. ith these….


he study that covered the topic most thoroughly was the one by Saavedra, J.M. (2001), which covered not only the present situation with probiotics, but also looked at such topics as intestinal flora, lactose malabsorption, diarrhea, bacteria vs. viruses, atopic disease, and clinical safety and tolerance. In order to better understand the place that probiotics has in today's modern-day society, it is worthwhile to have a background such as the one offered here. On a whole, the rest of studies were comparable, because they were all meta-analyses and dealt with looking at the results of several studies over time. Of interest, of course, is the fact that not one of these articles found that probiotics does not help the side effects of taking antibiotics. As was mentioned, additional studies need to be done on dose, agent, length time taken, and so forth. Of course, it would be very helpful that….

This was an extremely unethical move, because in many cases the parents had no idea their child was partaking in a study,
Another example of the unethical decisions made by Pfizer was the move not to remove many children off the experimental drug when they failed to respond to it. In response, many children died who might have had a chance if they had been removed off the Trovan and placed on a more traditional antibiotic. Yet, Pfizer made the decision to ignore such dire needs of its patients and continue on with the study despite the ramifications. This is a blatant example of a completely unethical decision made to promote a faster passing of the drug into FDA standards.

Although this strategy was meant to provide faster results to the FDA on the benefits of Trovan, I would have rather taken a slower and more ethical root. Yes, this did….

Chemotherapy as a Treatment for Cancer
It was a commonly held notion that along with cancer treatment through chemotherapy come a variety of side effects which may have quite an impact on one's life later on. In the recent years, however, this concept has been changed because the side effects can be controlled and minimized. Considering the fact that chemotherapy is one of the most effective and reliable cancer treatments, many have come to terms with it and are considering the fight against cancer with this process (Cukier).

Chemotherapy can be described as the treatment which involves the chemical substances that enable the body to kill the cancer cells and slow down their growth process. It is a kind of systematic process which allows the cells of the disease to be eliminated from their origin. Weighing out the statistics shows just how many people who suffer from cancer are treated using these….

Antibiotic Resistant Streptococci
There are more than thirty different species of streptococcal bacteria. The infections that strep causes in humans range from "strep throat," which is caused by Group A strep and relatively easily treatable, to diseases such as pneumonia and serious wound infections, both of which can prove deadly.(1)

Antibiotics were first developed during World War II, and have saved many millions of human lives since then that would have been lost to streptococci infections and diseases. Penicillin alone was solely responsible for dramatically decreasing mortality rates of soldiers wounded on the battlefields of World War II compared to corresponding rates of World War I casualties.

The widespread use of penicillin and more modern antibiotics that have been developed since World War II has been accompanied by the natural evolution of some bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics. In many respects, the natural ability of bacteria to develop antibiotic resistant strains….

Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic resistance develops in the same way that human resistance to infection develops—through exposure, the body builds up a resistance so that whatever is introduced is less effective at performing its task. As Ventola (2015) notes, “the overuse of antibiotics clearly drives the evolution of resistance. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between antibiotic consumption and the emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria strains” (p. 277). Moreover, bacteria can inherent genes that are already resistant to antibiotics, which means that horizontal gene transfer occurs to create a veritable shield of defense against antibiotics. The more that antibiotics are used, the less effective they become and the stronger harmful bacteria can become. The complications that ensue are based on the fact that “when these resistant bacteria are all that are left, they are free to multiply, passing the resistance to their offspring” (Environmental Encyclopedia 4, 2011, p. 81). If….

ole of Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease?
The objective of this work is to examine the role of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of periodontal disease. Also examined will be the delivery system, the type of antibiotics and efficacy as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in the management of periodontal disease. Toward this end, this work will examine the literature in this area of study including literature located in professional and academic journal and publications.

Sub-Antimicrobial Dose Doxycycline

The work of Preshaw, et al. (2005) entitled "Long-Term Treatment with Sub-Antimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Has No Antibacterial Effect on Intestinal Flora" reports a study that sought to determine if a nine-month regimen of subantimicrobial doxycycline (20 mg. bid) had an effect on either the intestinal or the vaginal microflora. The study involved 69 individuals with periodontal disease who were randomized to receive drug or placebo control for a nine-month period. It….

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
PAGES 5 WORDS 1496

Psuedomonas Aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Epidemiology

The Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic killer that takes advantage of people suffering from medical problems (Van Delden and Iglewski, 1998).For this reason, P. aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial infection that occurs in hospitals. P. aeruginosa is responsible for causing 16% of pneumonia cases, 12% of urinary tract infections, 10% of bloodstream infections, and 8% of surgical infections due to hospital care. Patients who are immune-compromised are also susceptible to P. aeruginosa infections, such as patients undergoing chemotherapy, suffering from HIV / AIDS, recovering in burn units, and suffering from cystic fibrosis. With death rates ranging from 30 to 60% for these patients, P. aeruginosa is considered to be a significant threat to patient health.

Ecology

P. aeruginosa can switch between a free-swimming planktonic form and colonies enclosed within slime-protected biofilms attached to surfaces (Baltch and Smith, 1994, p. 1). The planktonic form….

efining other techniques is laudable and important, but is not the domain of the proposed research. In addition, the mixed methods use of both mass spectrometry and bioinformatics methodologies is logically called fro due to the volume of data the mass spectrometry is expected to generate and the time consuming nature of any other mode of analysis save those available through specialized bioinformatics programs (Kuamr & Mann, 2009).
Conclusion

The selection of the model bacterial strain and of the previously validated antibiotic agent will be important considerations for this research, and will have a direct impact on the applicability of the results in other areas of research. Selection should be made on a basis of practicality not only in the ability to carry out the research, but also in light of how the findings can and might actually be applied. There are no real ethical implications that need to be considered….

Based on the results of these assays, S. flexneri can often be identified, although additional kits may be required. The simplest way, however, may be the novel approach through multiplex PCR (mRPC). It is possible to identify Shigella species through mPCR techniques by identifying pathogenicity islands associated with Shigella and S. flexneri.
6. How could you create a corn plant that would express the human protein fibrin? (You need to include techniques, steps, enzymes, etc.)

In order to create a corn plant that would express the human protein fibrin, scientists would first need to incorporate the human fibrin gene within the corn plant genome. The incorporated human gene would require regulation and promoter sequences that would function within the plant cell. Proper splicing sequences would also be required or removal of the introns altogether.

The delivery of transgenes into the corn plant could be accomplished through electroporation into corn protoplasts followed by….

Nursing Practice Knowledge
PAGES 3 WORDS 1159

Nursing
Discussion #1 Diabetes (either type 1 or type 2) can cause many problems for the patient when the disease is uncontrolled. Please choose one of the problems associated with diabetes and describe what happens to the body to cause the problem. Examine what causes the problem in the patient with diabetes and create a teaching strategy for a patient who is at risk for the problem. Include the types of Insulin in your post, Lantis, Lispro, egular and Intermediate acting and illustrate how evidence-based practice can improve outcomes. Justify your answers and cite your references.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas such that it produces only a little or no insulin. Accounting for 5 to 10% of diabetes in the U.S., the disease occurs primarily in children and young adults. Prior to the discovery of insulin in 1921, everyone with type….

resistance of the planctomycetes organisms to the various antibiotics using the in vitro method. The aim was to establish the susceptibility of these six selected organisms; Planctomyces maris, Planctomyces brasiliensis, Blastopirellula marina, Planctomyces limnophilus, Gemmata obscuriglobus and hodopirellula baltica as reference points by exposing them to 18 antibiotics which overall represented eleven antibiotics families. The methods that were used in the in vitro approach were strain and culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
It was found out that Planctomycetes were resistant to b-lactams and glycopeptides and further it was established that most Planctomycetes organisms were resistant to chloramphenicol and to the aminoglycoside gentamicin. The article also indicates that in as much as the Planctomycetes organisms are naturally resistant to some antibiotic families, there were observed large differences in the resistance profiles among genera and species.

Assessment of drugs resistance

One of the clearest and most reliable assessment that one can make on the….

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2 Pages
Essay

Medicine

Antibiotics When Antibiotics Quit Working When They

Words: 627
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Antibiotics When Antibiotics Quit Working When they first began to be used, antibiotics were considered miracle drugs because they cured infections that normally killed many people. Over the decades, these compounds…

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5 Pages
Essay

Medicine

Antibiotics Have Saved Millions of Lives Their

Words: 1794
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Essay

antibiotics have saved millions of lives, their efficacy is diminished over time because of antibiotic resistance. Many pathogens possess the ability to multiply and mutate rapidly in response…

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5 Pages
Essay

Medicine

Using Antibiotics

Words: 1386
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Essay

Antibiotics Penicillin Mechanism of Action Penicillin G, when injected into the patient, will act against actively proliferating penicillin-sensitive strains of bacteria (Drugs.com, 2011). This does not include several strains of staphylococci producing…

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2 Pages
Essay

Medicine

Excessive Use of Antibiotics Alexander

Words: 949
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

Chicken are treated with antibiotics and with a drug with contains arsenic. These drugs are given to birds when they are sick, and also, to make them grow…

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7 Pages
Research Proposal

Medicine

Probiotics Antibiotics Increasingly Have Become

Words: 1818
Length: 7 Pages
Type: Research Proposal

he study that covered the topic most thoroughly was the one by Saavedra, J.M. (2001), which covered not only the present situation with probiotics, but also looked at such…

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1 Pages
Essay

Children

Powerful Antibiotics in Order to

Words: 386
Length: 1 Pages
Type: Essay

This was an extremely unethical move, because in many cases the parents had no idea their child was partaking in a study, Another example of the unethical decisions made…

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4 Pages
Research Paper

Disease

Antibiotics a Chemical Substance

Words: 1047
Length: 4 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Chemotherapy as a Treatment for Cancer It was a commonly held notion that along with cancer treatment through chemotherapy come a variety of side effects which may have quite an…

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6 Pages
Term Paper

Medicine

Antibiotic Resistant Streptococci There Are More Than

Words: 1606
Length: 6 Pages
Type: Term Paper

Antibiotic Resistant Streptococci There are more than thirty different species of streptococcal bacteria. The infections that strep causes in humans range from "strep throat," which is caused by Group A…

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1 Pages
Essay

Health

Homeopathy as an Alternative to Antibiotics

Words: 302
Length: 1 Pages
Type: Essay

Antibiotic Resistance Antibiotic resistance develops in the same way that human resistance to infection develops—through exposure, the body builds up a resistance so that whatever is introduced is less effective…

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7 Pages
Essay

Medicine

Role of Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment

Words: 2560
Length: 7 Pages
Type: Essay

ole of Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease? The objective of this work is to examine the role of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of periodontal disease.…

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5 Pages
Research Paper

Disease

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Words: 1496
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Psuedomonas Aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa Epidemiology The Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic killer that takes advantage of people suffering from medical problems (Van Delden and Iglewski, 1998).For this reason,…

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image
7 Pages
Research Proposal

Medicine

Justification Assessment of Proteome Changes

Words: 1822
Length: 7 Pages
Type: Research Proposal

efining other techniques is laudable and important, but is not the domain of the proposed research. In addition, the mixed methods use of both mass spectrometry and bioinformatics…

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5 Pages
Thesis

Genetics

Aerobic Respiration Produces the Most

Words: 1435
Length: 5 Pages
Type: Thesis

Based on the results of these assays, S. flexneri can often be identified, although additional kits may be required. The simplest way, however, may be the novel approach…

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3 Pages
Research Paper

Medicine

Nursing Practice Knowledge

Words: 1159
Length: 3 Pages
Type: Research Paper

Nursing Discussion #1 Diabetes (either type 1 or type 2) can cause many problems for the patient when the disease is uncontrolled. Please choose one of the problems associated with…

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2 Pages
Essay

Medicine

Resistance of the Planctomycetes Organisms to the

Words: 526
Length: 2 Pages
Type: Essay

resistance of the planctomycetes organisms to the various antibiotics using the in vitro method. The aim was to establish the susceptibility of these six selected organisms; Planctomyces maris,…

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