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Architecture
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What is Architecture?

Architecture sits at the intersection of art, engineering, history, and culture, making it a rich subject across disciplines including art history, design theory, urban studies, and the humanities. Students engage with it in courses ranging from survey classes on Western art history to specialized seminars on phenomenology, postmodernism, and vernacular building traditions. The field rewards academic inquiry because architecture is never purely aesthetic — every building encodes decisions about function, materials, society, and meaning. Core theoretical debates, such as whether form follows function remains a viable principle, push students to think critically about how designed structures reflect and shape human life.

The papers archived on this topic take a wide range of approaches. Historical surveys trace the development of styles from the Romanesque period and French Renaissance to Postmodernism. Theoretical analyses examine the work of specific architects — Tadao Ando's use of light, Michelangelo's relationship to Mannerism, and Steven Holl's phenomenological practice all appear as focal points. Comparative and cross-disciplinary essays explore how textiles, nature, and early Islamic decorative arts influenced architectural form and design. Thinkers such as Laugier, Banham, Greenough, and Fathy serve as reference points for arguments about architectural principles and ethics.

A strong architecture essay establishes a clear, arguable thesis rather than simply describing a building or period. The most persuasive papers ground claims in specific formal evidence — spatial organization, materials, structural logic, and historical context — rather than general impressions. The most common pitfall is treating architecture as background rather than as the primary subject: every observation should connect back to what a design decision reveals about built form, cultural values, or theoretical principle.

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Essay Doctorate
Classical Symphony: Baroque to Beethoven's Revolution
Music, like other forms of art, evolved from numerous traditions that, when taken together, formed a new way of thinking about, and performing, certain types of works. Audiences change over time, and certain musical compositions that sound odd or strange to one audience are often accepted by others (e.g. the rioting during the premier of Stravinsky's Rite of Spring). When people think of classical music, for instance, they tend to think of the three B's (Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms). Certainly, these three giants of music were part of the evolution from the Baroque to the Romantic, each building upon one another's work over two centuries.
Paper Doctorate
The Bungalow Craze: Gender, Reform, and American Home Design
The Bungalow Craze brought a major transformation to American society by producing inexpensive domestic architecture that reduced household chores and enabled women with greater efficiency and independence with work opportunities. It focused on social change issues of loss in economic and moral independence where the rise of factories had reduced the middle class living standards. The bungalow was embraced as a way to improve for the future and restore standards felt to have been lost.
Paper Undergraduate
11th and 12th Century Romanesque Architecture Overview
The term Romanesque architecture applies to the various stages of European architecture that were influenced by both Carolingian architecture and the diffusion of Latin civilization following the break-up of the Roman…
Paper Undergraduate
Gothic Sculpture: The Column Figure of a Nimbed King
Art represents the era in which it was produced and often speaks to later time periods as well, and how we view the art of the past shows some of what we think about ourselves and about the meaning we attribute to both…
Paper Undergraduate
Biart's Aztecs: History, Manners, and Customs — Book Review
Published in1887, the Aztecs: Their History, Manners, and Customs by Lucien Biart offers insight into Aztec scholarship at the turn of the last century. This edition of the book was translated from the original French…
Paper Doctorate
MS-DOS, Windows, Linux, and UNIX Operating Systems Compared
Comparing the MS-DOS, MS-Windows, Linux and UNIX Operating Systems
Research Paper Undergraduate
Greek Influence on Non-Greek Cultures in the Hellenistic World
After the death of Alexander the Great Greek colonies appeared in the most remote territories from the Mediterranean: from Iberian peninsula in the West to India in the East. Most of the subdued kingdoms and tribes…
Research Paper Undergraduate
Baroque vs. Renaissance: Continuity in Art and Technique
Art is the expression of artistic vision that carries the sign of the period of time when it was created. Baroque was born Italy from where it spread to France, Germany, Netherlands and Spain.
Paper Undergraduate
Women and Islamic Calligraphy in the Early Era
¶ … art forms of Islam include architecture, literature, arabesque and calligraphy. These art forms became prominent throughout the Islamic world due in large part to religious restrictions on the depiction of idols…
Paper Undergraduate
The Parthenon: Political, Artistic, and Cultural Legacy
Parthenon was an architectural achievement the likes of which ancient Greece had never seen before. Athens, by the time of its construction, had become a cultural hub -- a place of affluence and learning.