The concept of behavior change is a common phenomenon of late and there are various approaches that people use to achieve this. There is the operant conditioning also known as instrumental conditioning which is learning or unlearning process that is instilled by punishments and/or rewards for the wanted behavior or unwanted behavior. In the operant conditioning, there is an association between the behavior and some form of consequence for that particular behavior as indicated by Kendra Cherry, (2011). The other approach that is mainly used ins the classical conditioning where the person or the subject is exposed to some stimuli in order to reinforce a behavior that is aimed at being learned. It was extracted from the Pavlov dog experiment and can be used today as well. However, in this paper, the operant conditioning will be applied. The idea of operant conditioning discovered by Skinner B.F who…...
Behavior Therapy is generally an approach of psychotherapy which aims to treat any sort of psychopathology to eliminate undesired behaviors in a patient or subject (Masters, et. al., 1987). This type of psychotherapy is based on the learning theory. Behavior therapy generally attempts to help in solving certain behavioral problems; this type of therapy has a long history. In the early first century in ome, Pliny the Elder was known to try to cure alcoholics by putting putrid spiders in their drinking glasses. In today's behavior therapy, this would be known as aversive conditioning (Masters, et. al., 1987). During the eighteenth century, a boy whom was known as the "Wild Boy of Aveyron" was taught how to speak with maneuvers; today, this would be known as positive reinforcement and/or withholding of positive reinforcement. Alexander Maconchi of the nineteenth century whom was a prison warden at the time used a point-system…...
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References
Masters, J.C., Burish, T.G., Holton, S.D., & Rimm, D.C. (1987). Behavior therapy: Techniques and empirical findings. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Michael, J. (1975) Positive and negative reinforcement, a distinction that is no longer necessary; or a better way to talk about bad things. Behaviorism, 3 (1): 33-44.
Watson, J.B. & Reyner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology 3: 1-14.
Walker, L. (2004). Changing with NLP: a casebook of neuro-linguistic programming in medical practice. London: Radcliffe Medical Press, Ltd.
Behavior Modify
Development of a behavior is a gradual process through which it eventually becomes an automatic response. Such a process develops through frequent repetition and reinforcements. Good habits enable liberation, whereas bad habits are a cause of sufferings. Understanding how certain behavioral patterns are formed enables us to be aware of what we may be prone to acquiring as a behavior. (Jager, 2003)
According to behavioral theorists, learning experiences through time help shape the development of our personality. According to this theory, the influences that add to our learning experiences are from outside an individual, but within the immediate surroundings. Individuals can develop a particular behavior either by forming associations, suffering consequences or through simple observation. (Wood, Wood, Boyd, Eileen & Desmarais, 2008)
Cigarette smoking is a behavior that I acquired through time. eflecting upon the behavioral theory and analyzing certain external factors that may have contributed to the development of this…...
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REFERENCES:
Dumont, F. (2010). A history of personality psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
ehavior in Crisis Situations
The lack of concern for fellow citizens becomes a terrible habit (Darley). Darley and Latane explained a bystander to an emergency with a decision tree consisting of three questions; notice to the event, interpretation of the event as an emergency, and concluding whether they had responsibility to the situation or not. Only one path leads to intervention. Whether a victim receives help is also determined by how many bystanders are present. The more bystanders around, the less likely a victim will receive help.
Americans consider it bad manners to look too closely at people in public. Growing up teaches us to respect privacy and, when among strangers, to close our ears and avoid staring at people. This causes people in crowds to be less likely to notice potential emergency situations. ystanders tend to react the same way as everyone else in the crowd. In dangerous situations, everyone appears…...
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Bibliography
Darley, J. & . (n.d.). When Will People Help in a Crisis? Retrieved from AP Psychology: http:/;/Iniland.com/AP%20Psych%20Documents/Ch%2013%20-%20Darley%20Latane%20Study.pdf
When this occurs, an adult assists him in finding an alternative activity.
Prevention Strategies
Prepare peers by explaining that Derrick does not know how to appropriately greet them. Let them know that the teachers are working on teaching Derrick how to say "hi" and touch a friend nicely. Encourage the children to help Derrick say "hi" the correct way. Make an effort to monitor Derrick during high risk times or activities (e.g., children's arrival) to ensure that an adult is available to bridge him interactions with peers.
When Derrick approaches a center, provide him with instructions on how to play or initiate an interaction as he approaches a center. For example if he is approaching the kitchen say, "You can sit at the table and pretend to eat or stir the pot on the stove." You might also say "Anne, can you show Derrick where he can sit"? Provide a hobby box…...
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References
Peterson, R.B.D. & Workman, C.(1988). Child-Centered Skiing: The American Teaching
System for Children. Lakewood, Colorado: Professional Ski Instructors of America.
Wright, D.B. et al., (1994). Positive Intervention for serious Behavior Problems. State of California: RiSE (Resources in Special Education).
This should take me to approximately eleven o'clock (or earlier when I have less school work). Even if it still takes me an hour to fall asleep, I will have gained one full hour of sleep over my television watching days, and the payoff should be immediately observable.
The Implementation
Though I broke with my plan on the weekends (Friday and Saturday nights only; twice I fell asleep watching television on the couch and I watched more than my allotted hour the other two nights), I managed to restrict myself to single hour of television at a specific time every evening. Keeping track of exactly when I fell asleep was difficult (completely impossible, actually), but I was generally in bed and trying to sleep an hour to two hours sooner than I had been while watching television. I also appeared to be falling asleep sooner, as my last-remembered glances at the…...
Behavior Therapy
Over the last several years, behavioral therapy has become a discipline many mental health professionals are embracing. However, like numerous schools of thought there are disputes about its effectiveness in changing the way someone reacts to different events. To fully understand the impact requires examining the ideas of the founders, the motivational constructs, the nature of maladjustment, the goals of counseling therapy and the techniques which are utilized. Together, these elements will highlight the long-term effects and how this will influence an individual's behavior. (McKay, 2009) (obbins, 1991) (Spiegler, 2009)
Founder(s) of the theory
The primary founders of behavior therapy include: Edward Thorndike, Joseph Wolpe and BF Skinner. Edward Thorndike is the original pioneer. In 1911, he concluded that an individual's behavior could be modified. Joseph Wolpe examined different types of therapy and their impact on patients. While BF Skinner, concentrated on using conditioning to influence the way some reacts to…...
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References
McKay, M. (2009). The Dialectic Therapy Skills Workbook. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publishing.
Robbins, A. (1991). Awaken the Giant Within. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.
Spiegler, M. (2009). Contemporary Behavior Therapy. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Behavior
Being in love can have a series of benefits on the person, as it assists people in growing and improving their abilities in several ways. Numerous individuals are probable to acknowledge that they felt that they were in a somewhat uplifted state of mind at the time when they felt love. By allowing people to include their lovers into their lives, persons express their need for self-expansion. This can be associated with a type of motivation, a concept that fuels people to do everything in their power to go through experiences that increase their self-esteem and that generally make it possible for them to feel they play an important role in life in general.
Love is generally perceived as a positive concept in people's lives, taking into account that individuals associate it with happiness. However, it can also have a negative influence on the individual as well as on his or…...
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Works cited:
Liu, J. "CONCEPT ANALYSIS: AGGRESSION." Issues Mental Health Nurs. 2004; 25
(7):693-714
Lopez, S.J. (2008). "Positive Psychology: Discovering human strengths." ABC-CLIO.
He then related this to the war in Vietnam where he states that the soldiers were told that they will go home only when their tour is over. Thus an analysis by the soldiers showed that if they disobey the orders, it was more likely for them to be "assigned rest and rehabilitation" (Steven Kerr, 1995).
The above examples shows that giving an incentive is as important as giving the right incentive. A reward not wanted by a person might not motivate him enough to give all he has got. This even holds true for organizations trying to achieve their desired goals. It is highly important for an organization to reward their workforce for the positive reasons. This would enable them to be efficient and work hard for the organization's benefit whether they desire that benefit for the organization or not. They want their reward and will work hard to…...
inferiority. The main action here is school, thus the ad will want to be set in a school environment.
Stage Five, the adolescence stage, spans from age 12 to 18 and has a conflict of identity vs. confusion. The main action here is peer relationships, thus an advertisement campaign will want to use characters in a close, positive friendship relationship. Stage six, the young adulthood stage, last from age 18 to 40 and has a conflict o intimacy vs. isolation. The main action here is love relationships, thus the ad campaign will want to feature a positive, happy couple. Stage seven, the middle adulthood stage, last from age 40 to 65 and has a conflict of generativity vs. stagnation. The main action here is parenting, thus the ad campaign should focus on how the product can benefit the viewer as a parent. The final stage, Stage Eight, is maturity and…...
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Bibliography
Marcia, J.E. (1966): "Development and validation of ego identity status." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 3. 551-58.
Gale Group. (2001): "Erikson, Erik. (1902-1979)." Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology. 2nd ed.
ehavior
The story "Injustice" reveals many very real concerns about the social structure in schools today. In this story, a seemingly normal boy, Rolf Mannington, becomes the victim of peer violence in the cafeteria at his school. This attack appears to be without clear motive. After all, why should other students have a problem with a boy with a neat, clean appearance, good grades, and a wealthy family? However, upon closer inspection Rolf Mannington can be seen to already have been isolated from his peers. Rolf did not fit in, and this segregation could have been a warning that a threat of violence existed. However, there are few people honestly looking out for the well-being of students. Harassment, emotional abuse, and outright violence are common in most schools, but these things are passed off as "normal" bullying or clique activity. Understanding that "bullying" of any kind is something which must be…...
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Bibliography
Harris, Sandra and Petrie, Garth. "A study of bullying in the middle school." National Association of Secondary School Principals. NASSP Bulletin. December, 2002.
Rubiner, Betsy. "Combating cliques: help kids build the confidence to stand up to school cliques and rely on themselves." Better Homes & Gardens. March, 2004.
Spivak, Howard. "Bullying: Why All the Fuss?" Pediatrics. December, 2003.
Behavior Science esearch
A researcher studies the average distance that 130 people living in U.S. urban areas walk each week.
What is the size of sample?
The sample size is 130 people.
Identify the population?
The population is people living in U.S. urban areas that walk each week.
Seventy three people are stopped as they leave a popular grocery store, and the number of fruit and vegetable items they purchase is assessed.
What is the size of the sample?
The size of the sample is 73 people.
Identify the population.
The population is people who are stopped leaving a popular grocery store who purchased fruit and vegetable items.
Is the average calculated in Exercise 1, a descriptive statistic or an inferential statistic if it is used to describe the 130 people studied?
The average calculated in exercise 1 is a descriptive statistic. Descriptive statistics is "the term given to the analysis of data that helps describe, show, or summarize data in a…...
The findings indicated that the game was effective in simultaneously decreasing a variety of inappropriate behaviors including inappropriate verbalizations, touching, negative comments cursing and drumming.
The Good Student Game was also found to be an effective classroom management tool for meeting the needs of today's diverse classrooms by Allison E. Babyak, Gayle J. Luze, and Debra M. Kamps (2000). The game was applied to three classrooms composed of student with attention problems, learning and/or behavioral difficulties, limited English proficiency, and giftedness. Data collected in all three classrooms demonstrated increases in the percentage of time students were in seat and quiet during independent work periods.
Barry L. McCurdy, Amanda L. Lannie, and Ernesto Barnabas (2008) incorporated a non-classroom setting to investigate the impact the Good Behavior Game on the disruptive behaviors of students in grades K -- 6 in an urban school cafeteria. The modified design which they refer to as the…...
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References
Babyak, a.E., Luze, G.J., & Kamps, D.M., (2000). The good student behavior game:Behavior management for diverse classrooms. Intervention in school and clinic, 35 no4 216-23 Mr. 2000
Barrish, H.B., Saunders, M., & Wolf, M.M., (1969) . Good behavior game: Effects of indiviual contingencies for group consequnces on disruptive behavior in a classroom. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1969, 2, 119-124 number 2 (Summer 1969).
Harris, W.V., & Sheerman, J.A., (1973). Use and analysis of the "good behavior game" to reduce disruptive classroom behavior. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 1973, 6, 405-417 number 3 (Fall 1973).
McCurdy, B.L., Lannie, a.L., & Barnabas, E., (2008). Reducing disruptive behavior in an urban school cafiteria: an extension of the good behavior game, Journal of school psychology, 47 (2009) 39-54
Your task:1. Read Walden Universitys Student Professional Competence Policy (https://catalog.waldenu.edu/content.php?catoid=158&navoid=52058)2. Read Walden Universitys Code of ConductPolicy(https://catalog.waldenu.edu/content.php?catoid=158&navoid=52055)3. Using the tables below, compare your conduct with the professional dispositions endorsed by each respective policy. Specifically, After Engaging in Meaningful Self-Examination, Describe Your Values, Thoughts, Emotions, Behaviors, and Motives that Contributed to the Identified Behaviors Listed in Your SDP. Describe How You Are Considering Alternative Points of View, Changing Ideas, and Examining Personal Reactions So That You Correct and Prevent Each of the Identified Behaviors Listed in Your SDP If any of the Defined Concerning Behaviors or Defined Unprofessional Behaviors do not apply to your situation, then please write not applicable in the text boxes.4. In your responses, please describe how you are engaging in both aspects of self-growth (as defined in the SDP Assignment Evaluation Rubric at the end of this document) and describe how you are developing and internalizing the professional…...
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References
Guskey, T. R., & Yoon, K. S. (2009). What Works in Professional Development? The Phi Delta Kappan, 90(7), 495–500. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20446159
Week 6 Discussion Board PostingWhat are some examples of behavior controls? Why are they important? How should they be used?From the onset, it would be prudent to note that behavior controls, as Wheelen, Hunger, Hoffman, and Bamford (2018) point out, specify how something is to be done through policies, rules, standard operating procedures, and orders from a superior (319). Towards this end, behavior controls could be thought of as attempts to standardize the conduct of employees and clearly define the expected workplace practices. Some examples of behavior controls are inclusive of, but they are not limited to; workplace dressing code, workplace reporting time, hygiene policy (i.e. hand washing during the current COVID-19 pandemic), segregation of duties (i.e. in the accounting department), etc. At the macro level, the ISO 9000 and 14000 Standard Series on quality and environmental assurance have been identified by Wheelen, Hunger, Hoffman, and Bamford (2018) as examples…...
To argue against animal abuse, you want your thesis to clearly state that you're against it and why. Your opinion should be a part of the thesis statement, but you want to be careful to actually present arguable, logical points, as well. You could say you're against animal abuse for a number of reasons. For example, some common ones are that animals feel both physical and emotional pain (abuse is cruel), that animals can't defend themselves and people should care for them because of their innocent nature, and that animal abuse can lead to further deviant and criminal behavior -....
According to some authors, divorce is a problem when it comes to delinquency. Others do not see a strong correlation. For example,
"The variables that predict male delinquency were found to be different from those that predict female delinquency. Characteristics of the parents' marriage play an important role for boys, while misbehavior of girls is more strongly predicted by variables measuring parent-child interaction and parental control." comes from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1533-8525.1982.tb01014.x/abstract and appears to say that only boys are affected by factors in their parents' marriage when it comes to delinquency.
However, this article: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J087v39n01_07#.UnhDkOLufLY states that divorce is a cause of....
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