Child Demographics
CHILD WELFARE IN REVIEW

Financial Status of Children in Welfare - a review conducted in 9 trials on 2,000 participants to determine if financial support to poor families would improve children's health and welfare did not yield sufficient evidence on the financial benefits of intervention (Lucas, 2008). A study on the effectiveness of recent reforms on the chronic problems of the child welfare system in the United States (Westat 2002) found that fiscal reforms did not necessarily produce desirable outcomes nor did fiscal changes eliminate chronic problems in child welfare (Westat). A survey conducted on the child welfare nonprofits in New York, however, showed that the basic problem they encountered was not the lack of skill in managing finances (Marwell et al. 2012). Rather, it revealed that additional public and private investment would enhance the financial stability of these organizations (Marwell et al.). Westat website is a government website, which…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Ghera, M.M. et al. (2009). The effects of foster care intervention on socially deprived institutionalized children's attention and positive affect: results from the BEIP study.

Vol. 50 # 3 Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry and allied Disciplines: PubMed.

Retrieved on October 25, 2013 from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19309327 

Holt, S. (2008). The impact of exposure to domestic violence on children and young people: a review of literature. Vol. 32 Issue 8 Science Direct: Elsevier, pages 797-810

Nor is she eligible to receive Medicaid, based on her minimum wage income.
This has put the minimum wage earning single parent in a situation where she must devote her minimum wage to food and healthcare, if healthcare is available to her through her job, and, if it is not, she becomes medically uninsured.

TANF now allows states money to.".. spend their share of federal block grant funds ($16.38 billion annually) in any way "reasonably calculated to achieve the purposes of TANF (Hasnan and Morris, 2)." This is an incredibly worrisome aspect of the program, since it would be necessary to challenge on a step-by-step basis the ways in which the states use of the $16.38 billion dollars annually to determine if in fact those monies are being spent in furthering the goals of TANF. This is allowing the states access to monies budgeted to needy families, and there is no…...

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Works Cited

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001081023 

Wagner, Arlo, and Margie Hyslop. "Amnesty for Child Support Succeeds." The Washington Times 12 Sept. 2000: 1. Questia. 8 Dec. 2007

The principal tasks that I will be performing in that regard will be: conducting initial interviews in conjunction with assessments of need for services, participating in the team decision-making process to identify the most beneficial interventions, and helping to implement those decisions and facilitate those interventions. In general, my contribution will always be within the conceptual framework of making the most beneficial changes possible for all of the children, families, and communities that I serve and of minimizing any conceivable harm capable of being caused by social work interventions.

3. The Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Family Services believes all families and children should have a voice in the decisions that are made about them. To that end, we utilize the Team Decision-Making approach. Please describe this methodology and its major components.

In principle, the concept of team decision making is designed to increase the effectiveness of department interventions by achieving…...

It was public outrage stemming from the fact that an already wealthy celebrity would use child labor to further acquire wealth that caused Ms. Gifford to react. It was a very highly publicized case, and in a journal article appearing in a 1998 edition of Afterimage, journalist ebecca Schreiber commented this way:
Every so often, an event like the Kathy Lee Gifford scandal uncovers the whole line of production, bringing down public scrutiny on each of the links in the chain."(23) the tactical struggle waged through publicity and public relations is a significant site of image politics in the clothing industry, which is fundamentally driven by the production of images, the social value of style and signifying practices of fashion. Visibility is a form of publicity, the precondition to generating political identification, garnering attention and directing public discourse. Such image-based strategies, always partial and supplementary, are continually negotiated and contingent…...

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References

http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001312026

Basu, K. (1999). International Labor Standards and Child Labor. Challenge, 42(5), 80. Retrieved February 12, 2008, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001312026 

http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001326312

Goldstein, a., & Schreiber, R. (1998). Migrating Capital and the Optics of Place: Globalization and Representation. Afterimage, 25(4), 13+. Retrieved February 12, 2008, from Questia database:   http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000518148http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001326312 

A consequence has been the increasingly common act by states and cities of slashing budgets which either eliminate child welfare agency resources or even the agencies themselves. Today, in the anticipated aftermath of the rash of scandals pockmarking the Bush Administration's oversight in this area, many agencies are simply fighting to stay alive. And today, in so many state venues, there is a justified fear of the budget axe. In our current economic times, there is little statewide funding available. Child welfare agencies, their staffs and their resources are especially vulnerable, with budgetary policy today reflecting a sense of recession and an unwillingness to spend in such areas. (Haynes, 1)
This poses an extremely great challenge to the current generation of leaders poised to undo the failures of a decade of infrastructural neglect. President Obama has spoken frankly of the need for more aggressive law enforcement focus on areas such…...

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Works Cited

Davis-Tanner, T. (2008). President Elect Barack Obama's Stances on Child Welfare. Child Welfare League of America.

Haynes, B. (2009). Child Welfare Advocates Fear Cuts. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Online at  http://www.lvrj.com/news/38743519.html 

McHugh, D. (2007). UNICEF Ranks U.S., Britain at Bottom in Child Welfare Survey. Washington Post. Online at  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/14/AR2007021401397_pf.html 

Pear, R. (2004). U.S. Finds Fault in All 50 States' Child Welfare Programs, an d Penalties May Follow. New York Times. Online at  http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res

Hennepin County Loves Kids The community agency examined within this document for reflection is the Hennepin County Child Support Agency. This agency is part of a larger entity, the Hennepin County Department of Human Services. The child support agency provides a number of desirable services to help children and families of children who are in need of various forms of aid. The main goal of this agency is to ensure that parents who are not guardians of their children have a formalized means of ensuring they receive the benefits which all children need. These include access to sustainable medical care, nutritious food, and expenses for living. The vast majority of services facilitated by the Child Support Agency achieve these goals.
To make these ends attainable, the agency is active both with guardians, non-guardians, and various facets of the court system to ensure the overall welfare of children (Child Welfare, 2017). It also…...

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References

Child Welfare Information Gateway. Retrieved on September 13, 2017: from

Font, Sarah A. ( 2014). Kinship and Nonrelative Foster Care: The effect of placement type on child well-being. Child Development, Hennepin County. Child support. https://www.hennepin.us/ Retrieved from https://www.hennepin.us/residents/human-services/child-support

https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/outofhome/kinship/

Ethnic/racial and socioeconomic factors would not be considered. Children would not need referral from any social services agency. This would eliminate the stigmatizing that accompanies enrollment in current programs, including Head Start.
eferences

Derezotes, D.M., & Hill, .B. (n.d.). Examining the disproportionate representation of Children of color in the child welfare system. ace Matters Consortium, Casey Family Programs.

Dettlaff, a.J., & ycraft, J.. (2010). Factors contributing to disproportionality in the child welfare system: Views from the legal community. Social Work 55 (3), pp. 213-224.

Guzman, L. (2004). Grandma and grandpa taking care of the kids: Patterns of involvement [Electronic Version]. Child Trends: esearch Brief, 17, 1-8. etrieved December 11, 2010, from www.childtrends.org.

Hill, .B. (2007). An analysis of racial/ethnic disproportionality and disparity at the national, state, and county levels. Casey-CCSP Alliance for acial Equity in Child Welfare.

Kirk, .S., & Griffith, D.P. (2008). Impact of intensive family preservation services on disproportionality of out-of-home placement of…...

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References

Derezotes, D.M., & Hill, R.B. (n.d.). Examining the disproportionate representation of Children of color in the child welfare system. Race Matters Consortium, Casey Family Programs.

Dettlaff, a.J., & Rycraft, J.R. (2010). Factors contributing to disproportionality in the child welfare system: Views from the legal community. Social Work 55 (3), pp. 213-224.

Guzman, L. (2004). Grandma and grandpa taking care of the kids: Patterns of involvement [Electronic Version]. Child Trends: Research Brief, 17, 1-8. Retrieved December 11, 2010, from www.childtrends.org.

Hill, R.B. (2007). An analysis of racial/ethnic disproportionality and disparity at the national, state, and county levels. Casey-CCSP Alliance for Racial Equity in Child Welfare.

Indian Child Welfare Act
History and context of the policy

The Congress enacted the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) in 1978. This Act was a result of a series of deliberations, debates, and hearings to alleviate a terrific crisis of national proportions: the separation of Indian children from their families. The act was implemented due to the high rate of removal of Indian children from their traditional families and homes, primarily their Indian culture. Before its implementation, most Indian children were removed from their Indian families and put in non-Indian homes: presumably, with no Indian culture. The states received payments from the Bureau of Indian Affairs to remove Indian children from their traditional homes and place them with non-Indian homes. In a few cases, the rate of per capita of Indian children in foster homes doubled as compared to the rate for non-Indians. Such a dramatic rate of removing Indian children from…...

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References

Connors, T. (2011). Our children are sacred: why the Indian Child Welfare Act matters. Judges Journal, ISSN 0047-2972, 2011, Volume 50, Issue 2, p. 33-36,39

Lorie, G. (2001). Reparations and the Indian Child Welfare Act. (Indigenous Peoples). The

Legal Studies Forum, ISSN 0894-5993, 2001, Volume 25, Issue 3-4, p. 619-640

MacEachron, A.E. et al. (1996). Effectiveness of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978. Social

Multicultural Child Welfare Resources Paper: Child Welfare The Native American and Latino Hispanic populations in Minnesota experience disparities that come externally from the child welfare system. Some of them include socioeconomic factors such as limited access to healthcare, education, and corrections, historical trauma for the families, discrimination, and prejudice when interacting with others (DHS, 2010).
The disparities experienced have forced child welfare systems to work in assuring that their experiences are fair and equitable especially in cases where children are involved. The Minnesota Department of Human Services (DHS) is more committed to multicultural child welfare center (MCCWC) development because they are programs that help practitioners and social workers in child welfare services to diversify their purposes in reducing disparities. The information that practitioners and social workers attain from such programs goes a long way in seeing that children have permanency in an attempt to reduce out-of-home care, which is temporary.
Langworthy, Robertson, and…...

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References

AdoptUSKids. (2012). Benefits for children of recruiting Latino foster and adoptive families. Retrieved from

Curry, D., & Barbee, A. P. (2011). Combating disproportionality and disparity in training and Professional Development. In D. K. Green, K. Belanger, R. G. McRoy, & L. Bullard (Eds.), Challenging racial disproportionality in child welfare: Research, policy, and practice (pp. 91–100). Washington, DC: CWLA Press.

Font, S. A., Berger, L. M., & Slack, K. S. (2012). Examining racial disproportionality in child Protective services case decisions. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 2188-2200.

Langworthy, S., Robertson, L., & Bhakta, S. (2016). Building collaborations across child welfare and education systems.

Minnesota Department of Human Services (DHS). (2010, February). Minnesota child welfare disparities report. Children and Family Services. Retrieved from http://www.mncourts.gov/Documents/0/Public/Childrens_Justice_Initiative/Disparities_-_Minnesota_Child_Welfare_Disparities_Report_%28DHS%29_%28February_2010%29.Pdf

Wisconsin Department of Children and Families. (2016). Frequently asked questions regarding the Wisconsin Indian Child Welfare Act. Retrieved from http://dcf.wisconsin.gov/children/icw/statsadmin/pdf/faq.pdf

http://www.nrcdr.org/_assets/files/NRCRRFAP/resources/latino-tipsheet-packet.pdf

TOUGH LOVE, a Documentary about the Child Welfare System Directed by Emmy-nominated director, Stephanie Wang, Tough Love depicts the life and struggle of a couple, Patrick (hailing from Seattle) and Hannah (hailing from the city of New York), as they traverse the US child welfare structure’s red tape to reclaim custody over their kids. The two have undergone the trauma of having their children taken away by governmental authorities. The film features vérité-type footage, besides exclusive views of child welfare courts, portraying a personal and intimate record of the couple’s challenges and victory while they tackle prior mistakes and try to assert their eligibility to enjoy another chance at raising their children. All through the course of the movie, the kids’ foster parents are shown, in addition to judges in charge of the case and child welfare specialists who can clearly grasp the working of this complicated system (Stephanie, 2015).

The movie…...

Family preservation services have been defined as short-term, family-focused services designed to assist families in crisis by improving parenting and family functioning while keeping children safe (Services, N.d.). While it has typically been the case that many social service departments would rely on the foster care system for child safety issues, family preservation services became a popular alternative when it was recognition to be more beneficial for the children who need a safe and stable family environment. It has been realized that separating children from their families, such as is the case when they would enter foster care, can be traumatic for them and leave them with negative consequences that can last indefinitely. Therefore, instead of looking at the child as a sole individual, the family preservation perspective broadens the scope of the welfare to include the entire family unit.
The model for the services is founded on the belief that…...

Welfare ServicesPart 1Discuss how you implemented ethical decision-making skills in clinical situations. How did this situation turn out? What support from your agency did you receive?The first step was identifying the ethical issue I faced in the clinical situation. It is best to determine if there is a moral issue before deciding on any situation. Based on the identified ethical issues, one can progress with decision-making ensuring they do not violate any ethical codes. The next step was identifying the individuals, groups, and organizations affected by the moral decision. Determining who is impacted by the ethical decision ensures the social worker understands how the decisions affect the individuals, groups, or organizations. The third step identified possible courses of action and potential benefits and risks. One should determine its impact on the client and whether it benefits or poses risks for each action taken. Before implementing their decision, the social worker…...

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ReferencesAmerican Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (Vol. 5). American Psychiatric Association. Burke, J. D., & Romano-Verthelyi, A. M. (2018). Oppositional defiant disorder. In Developmental Pathways to Disruptive, Impulse-Control and Conduct Disorders (pp. 21-52). Elsevier.   Eskander, N. (2020). The Psychosocial Outcome of Conduct and Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Cureus, 12(8).  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.9521  Gray, S. W., & Zide, M. R. (2016). Empowerment Series: Psychopathology: A Competency-Based Assessment Model for Social Workers (4th ed.). Cengage Learning. LAW, P. (1980). Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980. Public Law, 96, 272. Palacios, J., Adroher, S., Brodzinsky, D. M., Grotevant, H. D., Johnson, D. E., Juffer, F., Martínez-Mora, L., Muhamedrahimov, R. J., Selwyn, J., & Simmonds, J. (2019). Adoption in the service of child protection: An international interdisciplinary perspective. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 25(2), 57.  https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000192  https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811323-3.00002-X 

Child Labor
Define child and labor separately.

Child labor in the United States has long been a subject of concern. The U.S. enacted strict child labor statutes in 1938 (Labor, 2009), and has continued to enforce that law. However, there remain problems at home in the U.S. And abroad. The United States seeks to enforce the law, but there are times when it is difficult to catch perpetrators of violations. However, the U.S. has trade restrictions against countries that do not have strict enforcement of international standards. This research examines statutes in the United States (including their historic antecedents), what is being done to violators, and how trade is affected by citizen outcry against human rights violators and compliance with international law.

Purpose Statement

Current thinking on human rights dictates that children reach a certain age before they are to be put into the workforce. However, different cultures have different ideas about what constitutes…...

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References

Browne, M.N., Frondorf, A., Harrison-Spoerl, R., & Krishnan, S. (2004). Universal moral principles and the law: The failure of one-size-fits-all child labor laws. Houston Journal of International Law, 27(1), 1-37.

Bullard, M.G. (2001). Child labor prohibitions are universal, binding, and obligatory law: The evolving state of customary international law concerning the unempowered child laborer. Houston Journal of International Law, 24(1), 139-171.

Cox, K. (1999). The inevitability of nimble fingers? law, development and child labor. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 32(1), 115-146.

Donald, C.G., Ralston, J.D., & Merker, S.L. (2002). Results of opinion surveys related to Kentucky's child labor laws. International Journal of Public Administration, 25(7), 859- 876.

ut the result of child abuse, including difficulty in adjusting to society and difficulty in education tend to result in a higher rate of unemployment. In short, child abuse tends to produce the same conditions where child abuse is more likely to occur.
ANALYSIS

The research shows two vital things, the first being that the number of cases of child abuse are exceedingly high, and two, that the number of cases are increasing. With the amount of money being spent on child abuse prevention, the question must be asked as to why rates continue to increase. While some believe that the increase is only due to increased awareness, this does not hold true when you consider both the extreme rise in numbers and the rise in the numbers of severely injured children. If sexual abuse cases had been increasing, this could be attributed not necessarily to more incidents, but to more…...

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Bibliography

Carter, Janet. (2000). Domestic violence, child abuse, and youth violence: strategies for prevention and early intervention. San Francisco: Family Violence Prevention Fund.

CUPA: Canadian Union of Public Employees. (1997). What we owe to families: a brief on child welfare in Manitoba. Winnipeg: Canadian Union of Public Employees.

CWLA: Child Welfare League of America. (1997). Child abuse and neglect: a look at the States. Washington, D.C: Child Welfare League of America.

Drucker, Philip. M. (October, 1997). "The consequences of Poverty and Child Maltreatment on IQ Scores." The Vincentian Chair of Social Justice Papers. Vincentian Center Faculty Colloquium Presentation, New York.

232).
eferences

Ashley, O.S., Brady, T.M., & Marsden, M.E. (2003). Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: A review. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(1), 19.

Bradley, .H., & Corwyn, .F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual eview of Psychology, 371.

Dane, B. (2000). Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(1), 27.

Dodds, T.L. (2006). Defending America's children: How the current system gets it wrong. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 29(2), 719.

Eisler, . (2000). Tomorrow's children: A blueprint for partnership education in the 21st century. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Garcia, P., & Holt, C.B. (2005, December). Preparing teachers for children in poverty: The Nashville District picks up the mantle for qualified instruction in high-needs schools. School Administrator, 62(11), 22.

Gilbert, N. (1997). Combating child abuse: International perspectives and trends. New York: Oxford University Press.

Harris-Looby, J., oberts, C., & Wolman, C.…...

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References

Ashley, O.S., Brady, T.M., & Marsden, M.E. (2003). Effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programming for women: A review. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 29(1), 19.

Bradley, R.H., & Corwyn, R.F. (2002). Socioeconomic status and child development. Annual Review of Psychology, 371.

Dane, B. (2000). Child welfare workers: An innovative approach for interacting with secondary trauma. Journal of Social Work Education, 36(1), 27.

Dodds, T.L. (2006). Defending America's children: How the current system gets it wrong. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 29(2), 719.

Title: The Plight of Vulnerable Angels: Abuse Against Children with Special Needs

Introduction:

In the tapestry of life, there exist individuals who require our utmost care and protection: children with special needs. These extraordinary souls, often possessing unique abilities and challenges, deserve a world that embraces their differences and ensures their well-being. Sadly, the reality is that some of these vulnerable angels are subjected to abuse, a heinous crime that robs them of their innocence and dignity. This essay delves into the topic of abuse against children with special needs, exploring its various forms, the devastating impact it has on their lives,....

1. The long-term psychological effects of childhood abuse on adult mental health
2. The link between childhood abuse and addictive behaviors in adulthood
3. Exploring the relationship between childhood abuse and intimate partner violence
4. The role of childhood abuse in shaping attachment styles and relationships in adulthood
5. Examining the societal impact of childhood abuse and neglect on future generations
6. Understanding the cycle of abuse and its perpetuation through generations
7. The intersection of childhood abuse and poverty: Breaking the cycle of violence and neglect
8. The impact of childhood abuse on academic achievement and educational outcomes
9. Exploring cultural and societal factors that contribute to....

Addressing the Historical Legacy of Colonialism and Systemic Oppression

Acknowledge and apologize for past wrongs: The government must formally acknowledge the history of colonialism, violence, and assimilation policies that have decimated Indigenous populations and cultures. Sincere apologies should be offered for the residential school system, forced relocation, and other forms of oppression.
Implement the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action: The government must fully implement the 94 Calls to Action from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which provide a roadmap for reconciliation. These calls address education, health, child welfare, justice, and other critical areas.
Create a national inquiry....

Reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples: A Path Forward for the Canadian Government

The history of Canada's relationship with Indigenous peoples is marked by centuries of colonialism, assimilation, and systemic oppression. This legacy has resulted in significant social, economic, and health disparities for Indigenous communities. In response, the Canadian government has committed to a process of reconciliation. This process aims to address past wrongs and build a more just and equitable relationship between Indigenous peoples and the Canadian state.

To achieve meaningful reconciliation, the Canadian government must take comprehensive action on a number of fronts. These include:

Recognizing and respecting Indigenous rights: The government....