Laws Governing Business Entities

Laws Governing Business Organizations

Every business organization in a developed market is governed by laws, which are rather closely monitored to ensure the good fairing of the organization in the business market. Such laws provide for the standard form of the generally established legal entities in the worldwide economy. Such defined entities include, partnerships (general and limited), Limited Liability Company, cooperatives among others. This document outlines such laws and consequently defines their importance in performance of any organization or company established in a stable and developed business economy.

Organization By-laws

laws of most companies and organizations are articulated as below. This list provided below generalizes what is common and basic to most of the organizations or rather legal entities.

Every business organization should specify its official name to ensure proper identification with the concerned legal authorities. Each company has its own specific name, which is considered…

References

Anders J. Persson. The Contract of Employment: Ethical Dimensions. Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 66, No. 4 (July, 2006), pp 407 -- 415.

Charles R. Geer. Counter cynical Hiring as a Staffing Strategy for Managerial and Professional Personnel: Some Considerations and Issues. The Academy of Management Review, Vol. 9, No. 2, (Apr., 1984), pp. 324 -- 330.

David E. Bowen, Gerald E. Ledford, Barry R. Nathan. Hiring for the organization not the job; The Executive, Vol. 5, No. 4 (November 1991), pp 35 -- 51.

Douglas Smith, Smith (1999). Company Law. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.

Kapoor G.K., (n.d). Business Law Including Company Law. Chapter 1

his book, in the isolated chapter 1 discusses the elaborate meaning of a contract and what makes up a legally binding contract. It discusses the elements of a contract in the context of sales and gives examples of what an offer in a contract is and acceptance which are two essential parts of a contract. he chapter further discusses the potentiality of having further obligations in a contract that may not have their origins in the agreement and may not be contractual in nature, like torts or civil wrongs, but could still be enforceable in a court of law. he chapter further highlights using examples and case studies how cases of contractual agreements can be solved. he chapter further discuses one by one the essential element of a valid contract and alongside each element the author gives easy to understand…

The article discusses the rules that govern the delivery in a contact of sale of goods. The article highlights the various legal aspects that surround delivery of goods such as the place of delivery, the time of delivery of goods, attornment, delivery of wrong quantity, delivery in installments as well as delivery to a carrier. The article stands relevant to the case study since there were issue that implicated the delivery of the goods from Chile to Miami through a courier or shipping company. The article helps in understanding the obligations that the seller, the buyer and the shipping company have concerning the delivery of the wine consignment.

Johnson E.E., (2015). Torts: Cases and Context. Pp 337-349  https://www.cali.org/sites/default/files/Dec212015FINAL_Johnson_Torts_Cases_and_Context_Volume_1.pdf 

This chapter of the book looks at the law of torts, highlighting the existence of an injury at work and the different situations that can be considered as a situation at workplace. It also discusses the issue of calibrating damages at workplace. The writer further highlights the economic losses that can emanate from injuries at work and the emotional anguish and emotional distress. The chapter is relevant to the case study since it helps in the discussion of the injury that the Sunshine State Movers employee sustained while at his official work.

Laws and Wages

Legislation and Wages: An Intricate Dance, but Who's Leading?

Government and employment have always had and will necessarily continue to have a complex and mutually influential relationship, not least in the area of wages. What people are able to earn has always been a pressing issue in any capitalist system, and can influence the formation and the actions of government in numerous direct and indirect ways. In the other direction, legislation enacted by the government can both directly impact employees' wages and have indirect impacts through the changing of burdens that employers must contend with in compensating employees and operating their businesses. This paper briefly examines the relationship between government and wages, and specifically between legislation and employers' abilities to pay wages and utilize wages as an effective workforce motivator and stabilizer. This examination shows that good intentions can sometimes have questionable results, even when the ethical…

References

Bernstein, D. (1993). The Davis-Bacon Act: Let's Bring Jim Crow to an End. Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www.cato.org/pubs/briefs/bp-017.html 

Cornell. (2007). Lilly M. Ledbetter, Petitioner v The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/05-1074.ZD.html 

US DOL. (2012). The McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act (SCA). Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www.dol.gov/compliance/laws/comp-sca.htm#.UMrWu3Pjmjc 

US DOL. (2012a). Compliance Assistance - Wages and the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). Accessed 12 December 2012.  http://www.dol.gov/whd/flsa/#.UMrWpXPjmjc

Company's Compensation And Benefit Package

A number of factors determine how a company compensates its employees. These factors may include economics, psychology and even sociology. To an economist compensation is viewed as a labor market determinant (Filer, Hammermesh, & ees, 1996). As a human resource manager for Vanguard Industries I have been entrusted with the responsibility of explaining to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) that guided my development of the company's compensation and benefit plan. I will specify economic factors I considered while coming up with the company's compensation and benefit packages, the manner in which they do so and the relative and absolute importance of each. Before coming up with a compensation and benefit scheme, it is imperative that matters pertaining employees' skill level, age, gender and minority and majority status are factored as they affect an individual's reward preferences and their view on what they contribute to an…

References List

Filer, R., Hammermesh, D., & Rees, A. (1996). The Economics of Work and Pay 6th ED., New

York: Harper Collins.

Landes, W.M. (1968). The Economics of Fair Employment Laws. Journal of Political

Economy, 76: 507-52.

The partners are directly responsible financially for the obligations of the business. Therefore, in case of loss or debts, the owners suffer the risks and losses since they have liability for the business. In terms of complexity and flexibility, the partnerships remain appropriate for the partners. The issue of raising finance is shared between the partners; however, they cannot get loans for the business independently. Therefore, they are not suitable for the two partners who wish to set their business.

The third venture is a corporation, which is a separate entity from the persons that establish the business. Therefore, in financial terms, they are easy to raise capital as members contribute, and can borrow finance independently. Like the limited liability partnership, they are legally bound and hence the liability is limited. They eliminate the issue of personal liability. The tax returns are similar to those of partnerships and are taxed…

Reference

Graubner, M. (2006). Task, firm size, and organizational structure in management consulting an empirical analysis from a contingency perspective. Wiesbaden, Deutscher UniversitSts-Verlag.  http://site.ebrary.com/id/10231907 .

Spadaccini, M. (2007). Business structures. Irvine, CA, Entrepreneur Press.

Douglas, a. (2009). Partnership working. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, by Routledge.  http://site.ebrary.com/id/10258056 .

Grandori, a. (2006). Corporate governance and firm organization microfoundations and structural forms. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Laws elating to Different Businesses

Laws elated to Different Businesses

Entrepreneurship is the hallmark of the U.S. economy and more people are starting their own ventures today than ever before. While starting a business, one of the most overlooked aspect is the laws and legal requirements. A good amount of time and effort should be spent on understanding and implementing these related laws because they will make the operations and expansion easy in the future.

Federal, State and Local Agencies

The exact agencies and laws that govern your business depend upon its nature. Starting a pizza business comes with permits and licenses from different health agencies. The local health department of your city or county is responsible for issuing a permit, requesting an inspection or filing a complaint. Your business also needs a business license or tax permit from the city or county revenue department (SBA, 2011). For a web…

References

Frank, George. (2002, April 22-23). Key Licensing Issues and Trends for the Pharmaceutical and Biotech Industries. Conference on Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals. Retrieved from:  http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:XRVTXoabka8J:www.drinkerbiddle.com/files/Publication/4f485da1-8d61-4255-b8bf-66ed67ed1455/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/1d83db93-089b-42de-89c4-9a0d71e0b809/Frank_Biotech.pdf+biotech+companies+permits&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShzymQTXBq9DrOHEgDrxdEllLh1EuRTGyMuuoaJ2MY88w-MS2Hfp1ptzO7d1Zdq0g_IORTkr61rg2Ys4n3dJwlAKN72a4ENcofXITT53ZwX-LxWjwspDD2BysdX5mYOpZSLJrTi&sig=AHIEtbQmggcJf3q55hJM95Tr8nV_P3tsAA 

SBA. (2011). Small Business Administration. Retrieved from: www.sba.gov

Roth, Mollie. (2007). Personalized Medicine: Using effective partnering for managing the risk of legal liability. Personalized Medicine. Vol 4(3). pp 329-339.

Oracle's Stellent application has yet to create more streamlined service creation and management workflows, due mainly to the acquisition taking longer than expected. The integration of the Stellent platform into the broader Oracle 11i platform is also proving to limit 3rd party database support, making the Oracle Stellent ECM suite appear to be moving in a more proprietary direction as a product. As the acquisition was completed in late 2006 and Oracle has made their Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Fusion their top development priority, the full integration of Oracle Stellent has not progressed as rapidly as planned. As a result, the last factor of customer referenceability, Vignette has a significant advantage as well.

Summary

Evaluating ECM systems for use in a law office or practice requires the consideration of several factors that have been explained in this paper. Cost is a secondary consideration relative to the benefits derived from automating…

References

Phillip J. Britt. "Econtent and the Law Practice." EContent 1 Sep. 2005: 22-26. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest 3 Aug. 2008

John Harney. "Making a Case for Content Management. " AIIM E - Doc Magazine 1 Jul 2008: 54-57. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest 1 Aug. 2008

Jason Krause. "Organized intelligence." ABA Journal 89.(2003): 65. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 2 Aug. 2008

Judith Lamont. "Starting with the basics: KM for lawyers." KM World 1 Sep. 2002: 12-13. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 1 Aug. 2008

11. The issued rose in this case is unauthorized use of a company vehicle, which resulted in an accident. Prater was told to bring the truck home over the weekend to work on the body only. His boss never gave him permission to use the truck for any other purpose. Besides, the insurance on the truck would probably only pay for the accident if it occurred on company time. Prater could be charged for stealing the truck and unauthorized use. The ruling in this case should be for the plaintiff. Prater should have to pay for the accident and repairs to the truck.

Week 8

5. In this case, the city is still the rightful owner of the piece of restored artwork. It does not matter how long Hoeltzer had the artwork, it is still the property of the city. Therefore, the city has legal title to the artwork unless…

This created silent enemies whose sole purpose is to make that person look like a complete and total loser. Therefore, restoring the balance that was lost and feeling better about them while you are left feeling degraded and humiliated about what happened. On the other hand, the lesson is often learned the hard way and one can see that it does not pay often times to stick out in the crowd. There are those that thrive in the monotony of it all being predictable. If one follows the leader than no harm can come to them and balance is once again restored. It never works trying to appear better than those that you seek support from, they end up feeling as if you only want their support because you in fact think in some way you are better than they are. This is a sure way to keep people from…

It is merely a separate agreement between the assignor and assignee in which the assignor gives its rights under the contract to the assignee for good and valuable consideration. Since an assignment is not a modification to the original agreement, it does not need to be in writing and signed by the parties to the original agreement. However, if the terms of the original agreement are altered by the assignment, such as if Kethan's terms of employment changed (different salary, different working hours, different responsibilities) then the assignment could arguably be a modification of the original agreement. However, in this case nothing about Kethan's work environment changes.

Further, the court determined that due to Kentucky public policy and case precedent, noncompetition agreements are assignable because Kentucky public policy favors enforcement of noncompetition agreeements as long as they are reasonable. This policy is designed to protect businesses from unscrupulous employees who…

Investors, however, are likely to see through these changes. he company's turnaround is striking, but many of the changes are listed in the annual report, the depreciation change in particular. he listing of that change on the statements was undoubtedly mandated by law, but the other changes were buried a little bit more. However, the investment community can reasonably determine that increasing payables is a sign of the company remaining in a precarious position, as is the deferral of pension obligations.

3. he company's future prospects are reasonable. hey have a strong customer base and for the most part the restructuring effort was successful. he acquisition of new capital may have served a useful short-term purpose on the balance sheet, but it also allows Harnischfeger greater financial flexibility. he company's immediate future is no longer in doubt.

However, the picture the company paints of its future is not entirely accurate.…

The deterioration of operating cash flow is the other major red flag. The firm's dramatic profit turnaround and claims of operating improvements are not supported by improvements in operating cash flow. 1984 was much worse than 1983 and was even worse than 1982 in terms of cash flow from operations. This indicates that the firm's businesses are still facing tough times. Cash flow from operations would have been negative had the company not begun to stretch its payables in 1984. The company has indicated a long-term trend towards the margins being squeezed, in particular in the construction business. The good news with respect to construction is that the company has the deal with Kobe Steel, which may allow it to exit the construction business altogether by selling its operations to Kobe at a later date.

The company is also highly dependent on foreign sales. There is value in the diversification, but at this point their supposed operating turnaround is dependant on the highly volatile Turkish economy and the newly-opening Chinese economy. Neither of which provide the long-term stability the company needs and the operating results may fluctuated dramatically as a result of changes in the economies of those two nations. Moreover, the firm's ability to compete in these and other foreign markets is dependent on the relative strength of the U.S. dollar. The firm does not appear to have an answer for this, in terms of either an operating hedge or a financial hedge.

As a result, there is still considerable concern for the future of the company. Its financial position may have improved as a result of the debenture and equity issues but overall there remains considerable cause for concern, in particular with respect to operating performance. The specter that the firm's managers have made accounting policy changes to place the firm in a better light and to ensure that they meet their bonus targets cannot be ignored. It demonstrates that instead of being honest with respect to the pace of the turnaround, management is content to mislead the shareholders, possible to their own benefit. This raises concern with respect to governance at Harnischfeger. Thus, I would not recommend the purchase of the company's stock at present. Minor signs of encouragement are trumped by larger negative issues.

If the facts support its position, the hospital will argue that it was not negligent in hiring Dr. Dogwood and that nothing in his employment record could have put them on notice of his poor judgment.

Claim 3 -- Karl vs. ECR Manufacturer

John has a very good product liability claim against the ECR manufacturer. That is because the company supplied a product that was unreasonably dangerous to users in the ordinary way in which the product was intended to be used. This is a violation of the implied warranty of fitness for its intended purpose.

Possible Defenses

The ECR manufacturer will argue that the defect in its product was not the proximate cause of the harm that Karl suffered. Specifically, that argument is that it was the negligent decision of Dr. Dogwood to use the pad even after he noticed the defect that actually caused Karl's injuries and not…

"After September 2001 law enforcement agencies realized the potential devastation and chaos an act of terrorism can cause. The Council was created to improve the ability of the Police Department to respond to a situation and educate the Department and the community." (ichmond Police Department, 2004)

Police departments have had to become terrorist experts. The Homeland Security Terrorism Advisory Council for example is a collaboration of sworn officers and civilian employees with diverse backgrounds. Many of these members are or were leading members of specially trained units or have extensive training in SWAT, bomb technology, military assault, hazmat crime analysis, international terrorism intelligence, strategic planning and many other legal units such as basic attorneys. Through technology and experience, the Homeland Security Terrorism Advisory Council should be able to identify, acquire, plan, and advise on terroristic crisis. With this knowledge base the unit should be able to therefore anticipate, prevent, and…

References

Boyd, David G. (1995). On the cutting edge: law enforcement technology. The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, 7/1/1995.

Dempsey, Tom, Department of Government and Public Affairs, & Newport News. (1997, November 1). Computer Communications Technology Facilitates Law Enforcement. Retrieved September 16, 2004, at  http://www.iacptechnology.org/Library/ComputerTraining.htm 

Division of Emergency Communications. (n.d.). Captain Linda Samuel. Retrieved September 16, 2004, at http://www.ci.richmond.va.us/department/police/Chief/pdxxs_DEC.asp

Richmond Police Department. (n.d.). Richmond Police Department. Retrieved September 16, 2004, at http://www.richmondgov.com/department/police/pdxxi_index.asp

Abuse of power also adds to the list.

In regard to the remedies that may be used in taking care of unfair prejudice. It is therefore evident that the Companies Act 2006 has several changes that are relevant to the protection of the shareholder. The most relevant parts being sections 994 and 996

Creditor protection

Creditor protection is noted by Bachner (2009) as an important element of every company. The changes contained in the Companies Act 2006 are noted to affect the area of creditor protection within the UK companies.

The UK's Department of Business Innovations and Skills (2007) indicated that the UK government via BE had resorted to amending the Companies Act 1985 as well as the one for 2006 in order to reflect the elements of creditor protection of the new Directive. The particular focus was on shifting the burden of proof from the firms to the creditor…

References

Aguilera, R.V. & Jackson G., (2003).Corporate Governance: Dimensions and Determinants

28 Academy of Management Review 447

Ashfords (2010). Guide to Unfair Prejudice Against Shareholders

 http://www.ashfords.co.uk/news/shareholders_disputes_guide

The June 2010 change to the manner in which dividends were deemed payable shifted the requirement from a measure of profit to a balance sheet-based formula in which dividends were only payable if assets outstripped liabilities, essentially.

This is, according to the facts of the case as presented, the only reason the dividend payment might be considered insolvent trading or otherwise contrary to the legal and financial constraints of the company under current Australian law. As the error was again solely the fault of chief financial officer George, the directors incur no liability in this instance.

Part B

As described above, the board of directors at Hampton Park Pty, td. incurred no liability in this case as they relied on information provided by a competent and informed employee in the person of the company's chief financial officer, George, which legally absolves them of liability in this case.

Whether or not…

Lipton, et al., 469.

Deloitte, "Changes to Corporations Law rules for payment of dividends." (2010).

Corporations Act 2001, Section 189.

CSR

Companies talk a lot about "corporate social responsibility," but quite frankly nobody really knows what the term means. Every company seems to interpret the idea a little bit differently. There is nothing inherently wrong with that, but it raises challenges for managers trying to understand the concept and what relevance it has to their organizations. The best approach has to be to analyze the different elements of CSR individually, and see how they apply. This approach also allows for the organization to integrate each element with its strategy -- trying to shoehorn a notoriously vague concept into strategy either results in it not really happening, or it happens but distracts the company from what it really wants to achieve.

The first part of this paper will explore the different conceptions of CSR. This is absolutely essential. The "social" is CSR is the key term, and it implies an external…

Works Cited:

Agnew, M. (2010). The Corporate Social Responsibility Index and Southwest Airlines. Nuts About Southwest Retrieved April 14, 2012 from  http://www.blogsouthwest.com/blog/corporate-social-responsibility-index-and-southwest-airlines 

Carroll, A. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct. Business Society. Vol. 38 (3) 268-295.

Daudigeos, T. & Valiorgue, B. (2011). CSR issues: A negative external effects framework. Business & Society. Vol. 50 (1) 28-49.

Friedman, M. (1971). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved April 14, 2012 from  http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html

Raytheon Corporation: Code of conduct and ethics

Prelude:

Raytheon Company is a well reputed technology and innovation company which deals in security, defense and civil marketson a global scale. It has a rich and bright history of 92 years and continuing, Raytheon can provide top of the line electronics, integration of mission systems as well as other capabilities indicated below:

• Sensing capabilities

• Effects

• Command and control

• Communications

• Intelligence systems

• A diverse array of mission support services

Raytheon was one of the first startups, which were founded in Cambridge in Massachusetts Institute of Technology on July of 1922. It was started as an American appliance corporation (Raytheon Company, 2014).

The founder of the company was three associates namely:

• Vannevar ush (future dean of engineering department of MIT)

• Charles G. Smith (scientist notable for his work on electrical characteristics of gases)

• Laurence Marshall…

Bibliography

Akamai Technologies. (2014). Code of ethics. Retrieved from www.akamai.com/html/policies/code_ethics.html

Corrections Corporations of America. (2005). A guide to our code of ethics and business conduct. Retrived from https://www.cca.com/Media/Default/documents/Social-Responsibility/Fostering-Meaningful-Careers/Code_of_Ethics.pdf

Chunhua, C., & Yihan, N. (n.d.). How to Motivate Employees' Ethical Behavior-Based On Management Control Theory. Retrieved from http://www.seiofbluemountain.com/upload/product/201010/2010qychzh05a2.pdf

Department of Education, Training and the Arts. (2011). Code of conduct. Retrieved from  http://deta.qld.gov.au/right-to-information/pdf/codecond.pdf

smaller company offer competitive benefit packages employees competing talent large corporations? FYI - School text book The Handbook Employee Benefits, Seventh Edition Jerry S.

Competitiveness of employee benefits in small size enterprises

The global economy is still striving to overcome the tremendous pressures of the economic recession that began in 2007 in the American real estate sector and soon expanded to the rest of the sectors, as well as the rest of the countries. The means in which each country or sector overcome the recession differ from one region to the other and the differences are due to elements such as fiscal policies, strength of the economic sector or the threshold for risk. Generically, more protective countries have proven better able to overcome the threats of the crisis (Bernitz and inge, 2010).

Despite the domestic particularities of each region, fact remains that overcoming the crisis should be a global effort…

References:

Berniz, U., Ringe, W.G.. (2010). Company law and economic protectionism: new challenges to European integration. Oxford University Press.

Dyer, W.G., Dyer, W.G., Dyer, J.H., (2010). Team building: proven strategies for improving team performance. John Wiley and Sons.

Kess, S., Weltman, B. (2005). Individuals and small business tax planning guide. CCH.

Khan, J. Soverall, W., (2007). Gaining productivity. Arawak Publications

Business Plan for Argos Shipping Company

The proposal attempts to inaugurate a new shipping business to meet the demand for an overwhelming increase in the shipping services. Moreover, an increase in the level of international business has led to a rapid increase in demand for shipping services that offer reliability, convenience, speed, and promise. Moreover, the shipping industry is rapidly changing and growing because of the rapid rate of international trade, however, it is still pertinent to realize that shipping industry involves a lot of money because the business is competitive and capital intensive. More importantly, starting the shipping business requires having in-depth knowledge of container, import, and export, and logistics industries. Despite our intention to start the shipping business, we still need a business plan to realize our goal.

A business plan is one of the strategies that can assist a start-up company in succeeding in the shipping business,…

party transactions reported on by Arthur Andersen & Co.

Related party transactions are essential transactions between closely related parties or individuals. Although not blatantly wrong in isolation, they can be particularly harmful if the practice is abused. The error with Enron's disclosure is that it was not clear enough. Investors, analysts and creditors could not properly ascertain the extent of the related party transactions at Enron. This was particularly true as the company did not want anyone to know about it. As a result the company was able to hid billions of dollars of off balance sheet debt from investors. This resulted in large, unknown exposures to investors. Arthur Anderson looked the other way in regards to informing investors about these exposures. They classified many of the entities that held the excessive amount of debt as special purpose entities. With the help of Arthur Anderson, Enron avoided consolidated the results…

Corporate Social esponsibility (Csr)

COPOATE SOCIAL ESPONSIBILITY AND GOVENANCE

CS

According to Idowu (Pp. 34, 2009), Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) is a mechanism of self-regulation that is integrated into a business model. CS is an avenue through which a business can have mechanisms of regulating its performances and successes in the market. The components of consideration by a CS business or corporation include immediate compliance with the company's laws, ethical considerations, together with the international and national norms of operation. In other cases, some business models have perceived CS as a pervasive topic and undertaking that sets self-regulatory rules beyond the simple compliance of rules and ethics in business. In this case, it deals with activities that promote certain social or universal good beyond the welfare of the organization lacking in the law. The innate aim of CS is to foster embrace of responsibility for every corporate activity and hence…

References

Aras, G., & Crowther, D. (2009). Global Perspectives on Corporate Governance and CSR. Farnham, Gower.  http://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=37462 .

Boeger, N., Murray, R., & Villiers, C. (2008). Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility. Cheltenham, UK, Edward Elgar.  http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=361493 .

Idowu, S. O. (2009). Professionals Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer Science & Business Media

Mallin, C. A. (2007). Corporate Governance. Oxford [u.a.], Oxford Univ. Press.

company have bid with a zero mark-up on some past tenders? Why didn't it win all of those contracts?

Based on the percentage of contracts awarded to Bright Paints at a zero mark-up rate, which falls at 95.9%, it is clear that this strategy is effective at courting particularly valuable contracts. In instances where the contract itself has the capacity to bring the company both a high level of profitability and the potential of a positive long-term relationship with a resource-affluent partner such as the State Department of Transportation, the sacrifice of profits from mark-ups is a sensible one. The underlying premise is that the risk of losing the contract is more compelling than the lost opportunity to earn revenue on markups.

Indeed, even bypassing these markups is not itself a guarantee that a contract will be awarded. With 4.1% of zero mark-up bids not being selected, we can see…

trade libel is fair to business owners. Argue both sides of the issue.

From the general public's viewpoint, the definition of trade liable is accurate. This is because the store detained someone they accused of shoplifting. To determine where the stolen item was hiding; they effectively conducted a strip search by revealing private areas. At one point, Cockrell (the plaintiff) had to remove a bandage that was use to cover a recent scar from a liver transplant. He asked security not to remove it and they insisted. This is a clear violation, as the security at Wal Mart has no right to conduct these activities. Instead, they should have detained the person and contacted the police. (Statsky, 2011)

Wal Mart will argue that shoplifting is a major problem and they were following proper procedures. This occurs by bring the subject into an isolated area and checking them. After they have…

References

Cheesman, H. (2009). The Legal Environment of Business. New York, NY: Pearson.

McHugh, P. (2011). Product Liability for Negligence. Out Law. Retrieved from: http://www.out- law.com/topics/commercial/supply-of-goods-and-services/product-liability-for- negligence/

Statsky, W. (2011). Essentials of Torts. Mason, OH: Cengage.

Steinberg, M. (2009). Understanding Securities Law. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Rule of Law and Extra-Legal Doctrines

The rule of law does not need to be supported or expanded by "extra-legal" doctrines of morality. The laws as they exist today in this country are based upon a system of morality that has evolved over thousands of years. Our laws embody this system of morality and do not need to be supported by other doctrines of morality. Moral notions of good and bad laws exist to prevent the government from abusing the rights of its citizens. In order for the rule of law to allow a government to exercise power, governments should not execute laws in arbitrary fashion. Those who make and enforce the law are themselves bound to adhere to it. "The legislative department shall never exercise the executive and judicial powers or either of them: the executive shall never exercise the legislative and judicial powers, or either of them: the…

laws that affect business, pertaining to the issues of employment, health and safety, unions, discrimination, privacy and job security. These laws guide how businesses should conduct themselves in the human resources function, setting constraints on employer behavior. This paper will outline a number of these laws with respect to how they affect the employer.

Employment and Discrimination

There are several laws that fall into the category of civil rights laws. The base law is the Civil ights Act of 1964, in particular Title VII. This clause established the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and set out guidelines for equality in employment, providing protections on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, color, religion or national origin (EEOC, 2013). Since the passage of the Civil ight Act the 1970s saw the passage of other acts that extended the protections of the CA. These extensions applied to the disabled (Americans with Disabilities Act), on…

References

Bagnestos, S. (2013). Employment law and social equity. Michigan Law Review. Vol. 112 (2013) 225-273.

Brill, E., Fant, L. & Baddish, N. (2013) 2012-2013 U.S. Supreme Court wrap-up: Hot topics in labor and employment law. Employee Relations Law Journal. In possession of the author.

EEOC. (2013). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Retrieved December 5, 2013 from  http://www.eeoc.gov/ laws/statutes/titlevii.cfm' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>

" In this case the part of Dozey was complete as he had recovered the cat, and was in the process of returning the cat to the owner Cindy. By the logic of the Carbolic smoke ball case the contract was complete and Cindy could not withdraw the offer and therefore was bound to pay the sum. Thus the revocation even in the newspaper may not have much significance because it would not have been complete against Dozey as per the Carlil case. Secondly in the instant case Cindy tells Dozey that the offer is withdrawn after he has performed his part of the offer. Therefore the revocation did not happen because the conditions of the offer have been fulfilled before revocation and hence Cindy would have to honour the offer.

eferences

E-Law esources. "Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Ch D. 463." etrieved 8 November, 2012

from http://e-lawresources.co.uk/Dickinson-v-Dodds.php

England and…

References

E-Law Resources. "Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Ch D. 463." Retrieved 8 November, 2012

from  http://e-lawresources.co.uk/Dickinson-v-Dodds.php 

England and Wales Court of Appeal (Civil Division) Decisions. "Carlill v. Carbolic Smoke

Ball Company [1892] [1892] 2 QB 484 EWCA Civ 1. Royal Courts of Justice. 7th December 1892 Before: LORD JUSTICE BOWEN, LORD JUSTICE LINDLEY, LORD JUSTICE a.L. SMITH." Retrieved 8 November, 2012 from  http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1892/1.html

China

The current state of the Chinese legal system is in flux. To instate a system similar to that in the United States or Western Europe means undoing thousands of years of cultural norms. Confucianism and Communism are currently entwined to influence the ways disputes have been settled. Mounting pressure to develop a "fair and transparent framework of laws" stems directly from the fact that China is inextricably engaged with foreign businesses that need the rule of law in order to operate efficiently and effectively in the Middle Kingdom. Economic development is prompting overhauls of China's key political and social institutions: and the judiciary is one of the most fundamental such institutions to receive attention. Although some progress has been made already and continues to be made, it is slow and sometimes painful. As the PBS Wide Angle series presents, "the transformation" of China's judiciary from a traditional Confucian/Communist one…

References

"The Legal System in China." World Savvy Monitor. June 2008. Retrieved online:  http://worldsavvy.org/monitor/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=113&Itemid=176 

"The People's Court." PBS Wide Angle. 11 July 2011. Retrieved online:  http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/the-peoples-court/introduction/162/

company called YPF. The company is noted to suffer from several problems associated with culture change and the need to remain competitive. We therefore begin this work by presenting a problem statement as well as a presentation of the specific problems that affects the operations of the company. We then proceed to the presentation of the alternatives solution for each of the problems that are facing the company. A conclusion is then presented on how to best tackle the issues of organizational change (change management strategies). An implementation of the solution to the problems is then presented in a detailed and systematic manner.

YPF S.A is a company which has undergone a series of changes to its leadership, organizational processes, business processes as well as organizational policies since its inception. In this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the organization. The company is noted to suffer from several problems…

References

Armstrong, M. (2009) A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page. e-Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership

Bass, M., & Avolio, B. (1992). Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond.Journal of European Industrial Training, 14, 21-37.

Barney, J. (1986). Organizational culture. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 656-665.

Benabou, Roland & Tirole, Jean, 2003. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior," IDEI Working Papers 389, Institut d'Economie Industrielle (IDEI)

company code of ethics for Boeing. In this document I will explore Boeing's code and attempt to reveal important items relevant to understanding how a functional code of ethics may be applied to a large organization. I will first describe a general background of the company to help provide context in this evaluation. Next, I will give an overview of the code of conduct and highlight important details that are worthy of discussion. This paper will also include how this code of ethics can be applied to the differing levels of responsibility and accountability within the company itself. I will also examine a recent specific case study of ethical violations within Boeing to help test the validity and quality of this company's attitude towards ethics. This specific case will help understand important factors on the stability and feasibility of their ethical codes and programs.

Background

Boeing's company website describes the…

Works Cited

Boeing Corporate Website. Ethics. Viewed 31 Aug 2012. Retrieved from http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/aboutus/ethics/hotline.html#howto

Reeder, J. & Hickey, D. (2005). Boeing strengthens, enhances ethics program. National Defense. February 2005. Retrieved from http://www2.gtlaw.com/pub/articles/2005/reederj05a.pdf

Richman, D. (2005, Mar 7). Analysis: Boeing conduct code worked properly, expert says. Seatllepi.com. Retrieved from  http://www.seattlepi.com/business/article/Analysis - Boeing-conduct-code-worked-properly-1168027.php

Code of Ethics

Introduction and Company Background

Guiding Principles

Purpose of the Code

Core Values

Training and Education

Covered Employees

Implementation and Communication

Enforcement and eporting

Mission Statement

Code of Ethics: The XYZ Company

Introduction and Company Background

Having a code of ethics is a big part of doing business. It is not something every company has, but those that do have these codes provide them because they want to be ethical and strong. Ethical codes help make requirements clear for every employee, and can avoid discrepancies in conduct (Clark, 2012). Avoiding or lessening the possibility for misunderstandings and discrepancies is an excellent way to protect both the company's bottom line and its reputation. Employees who fail to act in an ethical manner can cause serious harm to the companies for which they work (Clark, 2012). Keeping that in mind, one must ensure that an ethical code is direct and…

References

Clark, C.M. (2012). Individual moralities and institutional ethics: Implications for the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists. Psychotherapy and Politics International, 10(3): 187-204.

Davidson, B.I. & Stevens, D.E. (2013). Can a code of ethics improve manager behavior and investor confidence? An experimental study. The Accounting Review, 88(1): 51-74.

Hartley, R., Grayston, R., & Ryle, A. (2010). Developing a modern code of ethics for engineering practice. The 5th Civil Engineering Conference in the Asian Region and Australasian Structural Engineering Conference 2010. Sydney, N.S.W.: Engineers Australia, 2010: 1276-1281.

Australia's Corporation Act 2004

Australia Corporations Corporation Act 2004

The purpose of this research is to investigate the Corporations Act 2004 (Cth) in relation to the protection it provides for investors of non-profit corporations. Through research of the Trade Practices Act, current case law and the Australian Investment and Securities Commission provide an overview of what has changed in the regulations for corporations in Australia in 2004 thus far.

Australian Supreme Court sated in 2003 that: "the governance of corporate entities comprehends the framework of rules, relationships, systems and processes within and by which authority is exercised and controlled in corporations." Australia has recently implemented new regulations which, enhance and harmonize corporation law.

The alignment of the regulations with elements that are known to be those of a competent and responsible board of directors in view of strategy determination, performance review, risk management, internal control regulation and reporting to shareholders…

Bibliography

Swire, Mary (2004) "New Australian Corporate Governance Regime Now in Force" Lowtax News Story 16 September 2004 [Online] available at  http://lowtax.net/asp/story/storyaus.asp ?

04-002 ASIC Focuses on Defective Debenture Prospectuses" (2004) Australia Securities and Investments Commission - 2004 Media Release 04-002 ASIC [Online] available at http://www.asic.gov.au.asic/asic_pub.nsf/byheadline/04-004+ASIC+focuses+on+defective

04-001 ASIC Protects over $456 Million in Shareholders Funds" (2004) Australia Securities and Investments Commission - 2004 Media Release 04-001 ASIC [Online] available at http://www.asic.gov.au.asic/asic_pub.nsf/byheadline/04-004+ASIC+focuses+protects+over+$465

Parliamentary Secretary issued to Treasurer (2004) Corporation Amendment Regulations 2004: Statutory Rules 2004. [Online] available at: www.asic.com

eferences

Al Maktoum, Mohammed Bin ashid. December, 2009., Decree 57 for 2009.

Establishing a tribunal to decide the disputes related to the Settlement of the Financial Position of Dubai World and its subsidiaries.' Viewed 18 August 2010

http://blogs.thenational.ae/economy_blog/Decree%20No.57%20for%202009.pdf

Banks, Harry. 23rd July 2010. 'Dubai World ready to use tribunal for deal on debts.'

City A.M. Viewed 11 August 2010.

http://www.cityam.com/news-and-analysis/dubai-world-ready-use-tribunal-deal-debts

Bucher, Eugen. Law of contracts. I. General remarks on the Swiss law of obligations.

Viewed 11 August 2010 www.eugenbucher.ch/pdf_files/86.pdf

'Clause and Effect: Parties agreeing to standard arbitration clauses may unwittingly alter their rights.' October 2006, Viewed 11 August 2010

http://www.rkmc.com/Clause-and-Effect-Parties-agreeing-to-standard-arbitration-clauses-may-unwittingly-alter-their-rights.htm

Fuchs, Martina & achna Upal. 18 August 2010. 'Analysis-UAE state-linked bonds brush up investor appeal.' Viewed 11 August 2010 http://www.forexpros.com/news/interest-rates-news/analysis-uae-state-linked-bonds-brush-up-investor-appeal-154811

Kane, Frank & Hamischfeger, Anita. 21 May 2010.

'Dubai world ready to use arbiter on debt deal.' The National. Viewed 11 August 2010

http://www.thenational.ae/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100521/Business/705219878/1005/rss

Parisie, Nicolae & Shaheen Pasha. 22…

References

Al Maktoum, Mohammed Bin Rashid. December, 2009., Decree 57 for 2009.

Establishing a tribunal to decide the disputes related to the Settlement of the Financial Position of Dubai World and its subsidiaries.' Viewed 18 August 2010

http://blogs.thenational.ae/economy_blog/Decree%20No.57%20for%202009.pdf

Banks, Harry. 23rd July 2010. 'Dubai World ready to use tribunal for deal on debts.'

Add to this confusion the growing prevalence of telecommuters and the issues of the FLSA become even more complicated. Of course some telecommuting positions fall into the exempt category, and therefore are not subject to overtime pay, however some do. Due to the freedom to engage in 'private pursuits', employers may monitor when a virtual employee logs onto his or her computer and may require that he or she get permission before working overtime (Gabel & Mansfield 2003, 316). Only by fully understanding the FLSA and the legislation that has evolved from its implementation, can Human Resource professionals be certain to obey the regulations and not compromise their organization.

Discrimination:

In addition to the monitoring of ever-changing compensation laws, Human Resource professionals must also be well versed in discrimination legislation as well. The Civil Rights Act of 1964, one of them of the most important pieces of discrimination legislation created,…

Bibliography

Affirmative Action. (12 Oct. 2004). Online. Available at  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_action [accessed 15 October 2004].

Crampton, Suzanne M., Hodge, John W., Mishra, Jitendra M. "The FLSA and Overtime Pay." Public Personnel Management 32, no. 3 (Fall 2003): 331-354. Database online. Available from ProQuest database.

DeLeire, Thomas. "The Wage and Employment Effects of the Americans with Disabilities Act." Journal of Human Resources 35, no. 4 (Fall 2000): 693-715. Database online. Available from Business Source Premier database.

EEO Poster. (No date). Online. Available at  http://www.dol.gov/esa/regs/compliance/posters/pdf/eeopost.pdf [accessed 11 Oct. 2004].

The exponential growth of the Internet has also served as the catalyst for the growth of highly collaborative, interactive forums and platforms on which Delphi-like brainstorming can be accomplished (Decker, Wagner, Scholz, 2005). Conversely many of the external relationships companies have and that are essential to understanding how the strategic planning process will impact an organization lend themselves to quantification. An example of this level of quantification of external factors is the use of frameworks for evaluating the performance of supply chains over time, a process area that can be highly quantified through the use of maturity models and measurements of performance over time (Gilmour, 1999). Both of these extremes, qualitative data analysis through the use of techniques including writing of scenarios, brainstorming and the Delphi technique to the extremely quantitative, both require organizations to have a fairly high level of interprocess maturity and development to be able to manage…

References

Josh Bernoff, Charlene Li. (2008). Harnessing the Power of the Oh-So-Social Web. MIT Sloan Management Review, 49(3), 36-42.

Reinhold Decker, Ralf Wagner, Soren W. Scholz. (2005). An internet-based approach to environmental scanning in marketing planning. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 23(2/3), 189-199.

Qi Fei, David L. Olson. (2007). Web services composition strategy in enterprise systems. Human Systems Management, 26(1), 53.

B. Johansson, F. Sudzina. (2008). ERP systems and open source: an initial review and some implications for SMEs. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 21(6), 649-658.

Part C: Essay

Even though the workers at the company gained some notable concessions from the organization because of the organization's fear they would unionize, this still does not mean the company actions were legal. In fact, it is illegal to promise benefits and pay raises to workers if they do not unionize. The actions of the company seem to constitute an implied quid-pro-quo regarding employee actions. Although the no-solicitation rule posted is within the legal rights of the employer, the company must also ensure that it is compliant with the law, which means the union still has access to employees in other areas outside the workforce and that the non-solicitation policy is not enforced in a discriminatory fashion only against unions. It is also illegal to threaten employees with losing their jobs if they join a union. While this threat was not directly made, the statement that employees would…

Another case illustrates how important proper investigation can be to the outcome of a case. Various authors cite the case of a fire in a home that killed two children. The children's mother had left them in the care of her boyfriend, who left them alone and left the residence. A small fire was seen burning outside the home after he left. The authors note, "The suspect was arrested and charged with arson and murder. Law enforcement authorities claimed that accelerant was detected on the suspect's clothes and in fire debris sampled outside the dwelling" (Various authors, 2003, p. 127). In fact, the accelerant found outside the home was completely different from that found on the suspect, (which was gasoline), and eventually the charges were dropped. The defendant worked as an automobile mechanic, which explained the presence of gasoline on his clothing. This indicates how a botched investigation can lead…

References

Bellilse, M. (2007). Moore avoids death penalty with plea bargain. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2009 from the Reno Gazette Journal Web site:  http://www.rgj.com/article/20070119/NEWS/70119007 .

Drake, J. (2001, February 20). Arson unit's powers stripped. The Washington Times, p. 1.

Editors. (2009). Arson. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2009 from the Insurance Information Institute Web site:  http://www.iii.org/media/hottopics/insurance/test1/ .

Lynch, P.A. (2007). Michigan court recognizes rule that arson cases can be proven. Retrieved 24 Feb. 2009 from the Interfire.org Web site:  http://www.interfire.org/features/legalview.asp?date=12142007 .

company ombudsman, it was my task to investigate complaints of wrongdoing on the part of corporate directors and officers. I had to decide whether there was a violation of the law and deal with the wrongdoers accordingly to Jane, a shareholder of Goodly Corporation. I investigated the situation by going through recent records and interviewing workers that witnessed the corporate directors and officers behaviors in the workplace. From there, I had to act as an un-bias opinion so that I could get the facts straight in order to get to the bottom line. Sometimes when there is an issue with a company, managers and employees cannot see a solution to the problem. And they need someone to tell them if there is a solution or not. "Quite often there is no solution and this must be conveyed to the group. This is not an easy job, but at least the…

Bibliography

Should Your Company Hire an Ombudsman to Rein in the Complaining? (2008). Retrieved June 9, 2012, from  http://www.workhappynow.com/2008/06/should-your-company-hire-an-ombudsman-to-reign-in-the-complaining/ 

McMull, Greg Parsons and Kathryn.(2009) Trends in University Graduation, 1992 to 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2012, from .

company having strong ethics across the entire organization, including ethical leadership, training & codes, and an ethical culture. The first and most important thing is that the company needs to have ethical leadership in place. People within organizations take their behavioral cues from the leaders of that organization, and the result of that is that when the leaders are the ethical leaders, the other members of the organization will follow. Thus, it is critical that the leaders set a strong ethical tone, to the point where they probably have to be the most ethical members of the organization. A good example of this would be when Martha Stewart was found guilty of insider trading, her company Omnimedia, faced a decline in its stock price. The concern was not that the company would have trouble succeeding without Stewart for a few months while she did time, but that if her ethical…

law help protect the environment and what steps can citizens take to ensure that the law accomplishes this goal?

Protection of the environment is important for our health, but humans affect the system through various means such as through polluting water and atmosphere with toxic gasses, with oil, with car fuels, and with debris that is plunked into the waters as well as depleting the fisheries and filling the air with smog and the earth with pollution.

It is for this reason that legislation is put into effect to curb our destruction and to teach us how to look after the environment in better ways. The state employs its own regulations, but it needs a synthesis of both state, business and citizen involvement to safeguard the environment, and motivation from both business and citizen is not always forthcoming. The following essay discusses policies that have been implemented to help protect…

References

Amos, W. (2011) Development of Canadian Arctic Offshore Oil and Gas Drilling: Lessons from the Gulf of Mexico RECIEL 20 (1)

British Columbia v. Canadian Forest Products Ltd., [2004] 2 S.C.R. 74, 2004 SCC 38

Bruce, JP (2011) Protecting Groundwater: The Invisible but Vital Resource C.D. Howe Institute

DeMarco, Jerry V;Valiante, Marcia;Bowden, Marie-Ann (2005) Opening the Door for Common Law Environmental Protection in Canada Journal of Environmental Law and Practice 15, 2

This is where a company will seek to purchase competitors through: buying the stock of the other company (in the same industry). The idea is that by reducing the total amount of competitors, an organization will be able to have greater control over prices and consumer choices. In the health care industry this is problematic, as any kind of mergers / joint ventures could be considered to be an attempt to restrict choices. At which point, it is possible that the government could use this law to limit the overall activities of the company. This is because, they could make an effective argument that any kind of reduction in the amount of competition will adversely affect consumers. As the odds increase dramatically, that any attempts to consolidate will be considered to be anti-competitive. Given the fact that costs are increasing, any type of negative reaction could cause the organization, to…

Bibliography

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act. (2010). Linfo. Retrieved from:  http://www.linfo.org/sherman.html 

Cushman, R. (1999). Construction Law Handbook. Gaithersburg: Aspen.

Hall, M. (2009). Health Insurance Profit Soars. AFL CIO. Retrieved from: http://blog.aflcio.org/2009/05/27/health-insurance-profits-soar-as-industry-mergers-create-near-monopoly/

Hewitt, I. (2004). Joint Ventures. London: Sweet and Maxwell.

Apple Corporation

Company Compliance Plan-APPLE

The Apple Corporation: Compliance plan

The Apple Corporation has recently been beset by a series of scandals, regarding the discrepancy between how it manufactures its products and the ethics it claims to uphold in its compliance plan. On its website, the Apple Corporation has tried to inform and persuade the public that it is compliant with the standards it sets in its company compliance plan. For example, regarding recycling, it states that "Apple started recycling in 1994 and today we operate recycling programs in countries where more than 82% of all Macs and iPods are sold. By the end of this year, that figure will increase to 93%" (Apple: A Greener Apple, 2012, Apple.). Apple has also been more aggressive than its competitors in removing questionable toxins from its products. "It now makes iPods and iPhones free of polyvinyl chlorides and brominated flame retardant" (Charny…

References

Apple: A Greener Apple. (2012). Apple. Retrieved:

 http://www.apple.com/hotnews/agreenerapple/ 

Charny, Ben. (2008). How green is Apple? The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved:

 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123066532721343231.html

Staffing Plan

(Company) Staffing Plan

Determine how many people need to be hire and in what functional areas:

The company plans to hire 11 new people in the following departments respectively

in manufacturing,

in operations,

in customer service,

in finance and accounting.

A plan to hire or appoint specialists for the clinic.

ight person for the right job can be hired if the hiring agents are clear about the duties and responsibilities of the position for which hiring is required. It is possible through designing an effective job description. An effective job description is comprehensive in nature and provides clear guidelines about required qualification set. The activities of screening all potential employees, deciding interview panel, questions and final selection criteria stem from effective job description (Sullivan, 2004).

Finalising a job description is a complete science and requires specialised skill set assumingly possessed by human resource professionals. It may be drafted…

References

The Performance Institute. (2003). Strategic Recruitment for Government: Ten Innovative Practices for Designing, Implementing and Measuring Recruitment Initiatives in Government. The Performance Institute.

Sullivan, J. Dr. (2004). Article 55, Steps in Turning an Average Recruiting Function into a "Wow" One!," taken from: http://www.gatelyconsulting.com/pp15js55.htm

Stephanie M. J, (2000). "Recruitment and training in small firms," Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 24 Iss: 1, pp.43-49

Nothing contained in the company policies, procedures, handbooks, manuals, job descriptions, application for employment, or any other document of the company shall in any way create an express or implied contract of employment or an employment relationship on other than an at-will basis. No representative of the company will enter into any agreement whatsoever with any employee or applicant for employment on any other than on an at-will basis.

Training and Testing:

The company will provide paid training and testing that is related specifically to the employee's job. The only exception to this will be testing that involves part of the initial pre-hiring process.

Receipt of Mini-Handbook:

I have received the current company employee handbook and have read and understand the material covered and I understand that any future questions that I may have about the handbook or its contents. Questions will be answered by the Office Manager or their…

Works Cited:

"eeo is the law." (2008, August). Retrieved from  http://www.eeoc.gov/ employers/upload/eeoc_gina_supplement.pdf

Guerrin, Lisa. (2007). Create your own employee handbook: a legal & practical guide.

Berkeley, CA: NOLO.

Perritt, Henry. (1992). Employee dismissal: law and practice. New York City: John

Franz went on to state that "two common law doctrines allow recovery of damages in wrongful discharge action" (Franz pg 32).

According to Franz those two common law doctrines included; that the employment was an implied-in-fact contract. An implied-in-fact contract is evidenced by the employer by the very act of hiring an individual, and as such is implying that the employee will not be fired without just cause. In Tom Kinder's case, the company may have had a just cause, but made no attempt to either inform Tom nor to help Tom overcome the obstacle keeping him from accomplishing his job duties.

The second common law doctrine is best stated by the fact that an employee is allowed to collect compensation based on a breach of contract.

"It is based on the covenant of good faith and fair dealing which is implied in all contracts as a matter of law.…

Works Cited

Franz, Wolfgang W. (1990) Wrongful Employment Termination and Resulting Economic Losses, Journal of Forensic Economics, Vol 3, Issue 2, pp 31-47

Kleiman, Lawrence S., Denton, David W., (1998) Wrongful Termination, ADA, and the Courts, Journal of Individual Employment Rights, Vol 8, Issue 3, pp 193-218

Maxwell, John C. (2003) Relationships 101, Nashville: Thomas Nellon Publishers

Paul, Robert J., Townsend, James B., (1993) Wrongful Termination: Balancing Employer and Employee Rights - A Summary with Recommendations, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Vol 6 Issue 1, pp 69-82

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive progressive discipline policy that will be utilized in managing employee behavior in the workplace. This policy is developed on the premise that managing employee conduct is crucial towards enhancing workplace productivity and organizational success. The policy includes an overview of purpose and procedures that will be undertaken for corrective/disciplinary action by the human resource department. It also includes a brief description of the appeal process and issues that are not subject to the organization’s progressive discipline framework. The policy provides explanations why termination of employment can be considered as the first or last disciplinary action depending on the circumstances and nature of the misconduct.
Progressive Discipline Policy
KenTrizo Limited recognizes the importance of the establishment of a suitable working environment for all its employees. The company believes that the creation of a secure and good workplace is essential towards the realization of organizational objectives.…

Cyber Terrorism

Cybersecurity has emerged as one of the important components of modern security initiatives because of rapid advancements of technology and the Internet. Ensuring cybersecurity has become important because of the vulnerabilities of critical infrastructures to cyber attacks in the aftermath of the 9/11 terror attacks. As part of efforts to enhance cybersecurity, federal and state governments in the United States have enacted laws that define the role of various stakeholders in protecting the nation's critical infrastructures. These laws govern the responsibilities of companies and organizations in protecting themselves and customers. In addition, these regulations have some costs associated with them given that enhancing cybersecurity is a relatively complex process.

Organizations' ole in Protecting Themselves and Customers

As cyber attacks continue to increase in the recent past, the federal government has enacted laws and policies to govern the role of organizations in protecting themselves and customers. Based on the…

References

Aspen Publishers. (2015, January). President Obama Signs Cybersecurity Executive Order. The Computer & Internet Lawyer, 32(1), 24. Retrieved from  http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&u=18551_mcpls&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA394183506&it=r&asid=5cc81d8f040ed73e605ae170f9d004c1 

Heilbrun, M.R. & Brown, I. (2011, December). Cybersecurity Policy and Legislation in the 112th Congress. Intellectual Property & Technology Law Journal, 23(12), 24. Retrieved from  http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&u=18551_mcpls&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA273587143&it=r&asid=ceebf07425038136e6c561f5eaf0f61d 

Schwalb, M. (2006). Exploit Derivatives & National Security. Yale Journal of Law & Technology, 9, 162. Retrieved from  http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&u=18551_mcpls&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CA182035194&it=r&asid=bdba2800f5f791182662e8f9083e0333

life we are always faced with situations where the rights on one individual overlap those of another, causing a legal conflict that is often decided upon in the court of law. In many cases, these are private rights, but we are sometimes in a situation when the rights delimitation is imposed by the government, as is the case with the tobacco industry and smoking regulations and delimitations.

The problem with smoking in public places bares much resemblance in Canada, Europe or the United States. The right of smoking individuals to smoke in public places was gradually and constantly diminished to the degree that nowadays smoking in restaurants, offices or any closed locations. The movement against smoking in public places seems to have started in Canada in the early 1990s, when the City of Toronto emitted a series of by-laws, referred to as The Workplace Smoking y-law. This law "requires all…

Bibliography

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3. Impact of Workplace Smoking Restriction - Compliance Issues. On the Internet at  http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hecs-sesc/tobacco/facts/workplace/part3_compliance.html 

Impact of Workplace Smoking Restriction - Compliance Issues. On the Internet at

Cyberstalking

Cyber-Crime in a New Age of Law Enforcement

ith the new introduction of the online sphere, law enforcement today faces unique challenges those previous generations could never even imagined. The internet allows the ability to create an online presence that has virtually no relevance to the real world character of the user. People can now create an online presence with the ability to construct a range of pseudonymity that was never before possible (Gyorgy, 2002). Therefore the person that you think you are communicating with may be a different person altogether.

Furthermore, people can set up a range of different personalities and have multiple identities online that they can use for a range of malicious activities. For example, it is possible for an elderly man who has perverted tendencies to portray himself as a young school girl on online chat forums. In these arenas there is seldom any verification…

Works Cited

Gyorgy, P. (2002). The Tale of Cookies (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde). Social Research, 239-245.

Jayakumar, A. (2014, March 13). Target looking into response to cybersecurity breach; retail sales rose in Feb. Retrieved from The Washington Post:  http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/target-looking-into-response-to-cybersecurity-breach-retail-sales-rose-in-feb/2014/03/13/91d16ece-aae8-11e3-af5f-4c56b834c4bf_story.html 

TEDGlobal. (2010, July). Julian Assange: Why the world needs WikiLeaks. Retrieved from TED:  http://www.ted.com/talks/julian_assange_why_the_world_needs_wikileaks.html 

TEDGlobal. (2012, July). Michael Anti: Behind the Great Firewall of China. Retrieved from TED:  http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/michael_anti_behind_the_great_firewall_of_china.html

In its official press releases and documents and in scholarly journal articles written with Nestle Waters SA grant money, the company is battling to put the best spin on its bottled water sector, as well as other parts of the company as well.

eferences

Adler, Brett. "Nestle draws fire for plans to pump more water from North Florida springs." Dec., 02, 2010.http://floridaindependent.com/16102/nestle-draws-fire-for-plans-to-pump-more-water-from-north-florida-springs (accessed Dec. 08, 2010).

Fact-Checking State Supreme Court Ads." Oct. 29, 2010.

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Lawrence, Felicity. "Processed cereals represent a triumph of marketing, packaging and U.S. economic and foreign policy.." Nov. 23,

2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/nov/23/food-book-extract-felicity-lawrence (accessed Dec. 08, 2010).

Miller, Ethan. "Should private companies control our most precious natural resource?."

Oct. 8, 2010.http://www.newsweek.com/2010/10/08/the-race-to-buy-up-the-world-s-water.html (accessed Dec. 08, 2010).

"Nestle India plans collaboration to help manage diabetes." Dec. 07,

2010.http://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2010/12/07/nestle-india-plans-collaboration-to-help-manage-diabetes-2.html (accessed Dec. 08, 2010).

"Nestle Purina gets presidential honor." Nov 23,

2010.http://www.bizjournals.com/stlouis/news/2010/11/23/nestle-purina-gets-presidential-honor.html (accessed Dec. 08, 2010).

"Profits rise…

References

Adler, Brett. "Nestle draws fire for plans to pump more water from North Florida springs." Dec., 02, 2010. http://floridaindependent.com/16102/nestle-draws-fire-for-plans-to-pump-more-water-from-north-florida-springs  (accessed Dec. 08, 2010).

Fact-Checking State Supreme Court Ads." Oct. 29, 2010.

http://www.newsweek.com/2010/10/29/fact-checking-state-supreme-court-ads.html (accessed Dec. 08, 2010).

Lawrence, Felicity. "Processed cereals represent a triumph of marketing, packaging and U.S. economic and foreign policy.." Nov. 23,

However, that does not mean that the COO, for instance, is much more suited for this kind of activities.

Analytical skills and community involvement are also qualities that determine the success of a CEO. Executive officers need strong analytical skills in today's fast changing marketplace. The needs of many groups have to be addressed everyday, while the interests of the organization must also be fostered. A CEO, cannot appear distant, single-minded or out of touch. The need to interface with all parties and to creatively analyze all information becomes more and more important. From this point-of-view, due to their analytical nature, CFO are well prepared for the job. As far as community involvement is concerned, my opinion is that it is the nature of the individual that decides the degree a company and its top representative are involved in social events of all types. I think that a CFO is…

Reference:

1. Brewis, Janine, "How a CFO can graduate to CEO," Corporate Finance; London; Jun 1999; Iss. 175; pg. 13

2. Picker, Ida, "Do CFOs Really Make Good CEOs," Institutional Investor; New York; Aug 1989;

3. Sandrick, Karen, "From CFO To CEO: What Does It Take To Make The Leap?," Healthcare Financial Management, 07350732, Dec95 Supplement, Vol. 49, Issue 12

4. "Bestor: CFOs With Expanded Skills Are Good Ceo Candidates," Healthcare Financial Management, 07350732, Jun2001, Vol. 55, Issue 6

Intrenational Business

Governing Language

Governing Law and Forum Selection

Arbitration

Boilerplate Language in International Contracts

USA-Brazil Trade: ules of Trade

Other Important Agreement and Laws Governing U.S. and Brazilian Trade

Comparison of Arbitration in South Carolina and Brazil

Conflicts arising out of contracts between international trading parties are on the increase with the rise and increase in international business and international trade. The courts that would hear and decide matters related to business conflicts between trading partners would look to the express terms of the contract as well as the applicable law within which the contracts have been formed and agreed upon by the two parties belonging to two different countries when one party considers the other party's actions to be a breach of the contract. The legal contract and the contents of the contract would be the basis on which courts would decide in arbitration cases and in cases…

References

Ahmadi, Maryam, and Leila Ahmadi. 'Intellectual Property Rights Of Nanobiotechnology In Trade Related Aspects Of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (TRIPS)'. j bionanosci 6.1 (2012): 56-64. Web.

Bacc-ga.chambermaster.com,. 'News - Brazilian-American Chamber Of Commerce Of The Southeast (BACC-SE)'. N.p., 2015. Web. 3 Nov. 2015.

Bahmani-Oskooee, Mohsen, Hanafiah Harvey, and Scott W. Hegerty. 'Brazil -- "U.S. Commodity Trade And The J-Curve'. Applied Economics 46.1 (2013): 1-13. Web.

Berger, Klaus Peter. Private Dispute Resolution In International Business. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 2006. Print.

Unconsented Facebook Behavioral User Research

Facebook's 2012 involvement in a behavioral experiment on a series of its unknowing users

Case Presentation

There is much controversy with regard to Facebook's role in a scandal involving users being followed and exploited. The company is responsible for performing a study where 689,003 individuals on Facebook were manipulated in an attempt to determine how particular ideas influenced them. These respective users were divided in two groups: one of them was provided with news feeds containing positive information while the other was provided with news feeds containing negative information. As a consequence of the experiment, analysts determined that the first group was more likely to make positive posts while the second was inclined to post negative ideas.

Facebook's attempt to interfere with people's lives and analyze how this affected them raised a series of questions:

as this experiment ethical?

as this experiment legal?

To what…

Works cited:

Bakan, J. "Childhood Under Siege: How Big Business Targets Children." (Simon and Schuster, 9 Aug 2011)

Hill, K. "Facebook Added 'Research' To User Agreement 4 Months After Emotion Manipulation Study." Retrieved November 17, 2014, from  http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2014/06/30/facebook-only-got-permission-to-do-research-on-users-after-emotion-manipulation-study/ 

Jacobsen, D., & Idziorek, J. "Computer Security Literacy: Staying Safe in a Digital World." (CRC Press, 27 Nov 2012)

Kramer, A.D.I. Retrieved November 17, 2014, from  https://www.facebook.com/akramer/posts/10152987150867796

Policing Alongside Native Americans

America is the most cosmopolitan country in the world with virtually every race present. It is described as the new land because of the recent influx of foreigners who traveled to the country. Their increased numbers over time have made the minorities lose their initial dominance. In this sense, it is now a tussle of the foreigners and the Natives over who controls the affairs of the country. In the modern days, the immigrants have come to take over the control of the American affairs and as such, they have managed to lead a clear path of leadership away from them natives. However, the Native Americans remain a distinguished group concerned with the political realignments happening in the country. They act as a swing vote for all the individuals who need elective posts. On matters security, it is technical conducting policing along these native zones as…

References

Hiatt, M. K., Botterweck, C. M., & Hiatt, M. K. (2007). People and Politics: An Introduction To American Government. Gregory Publishing Company

Nardo, D. (2013). The Native Americans. San Diego, Ca: Lucent Books.

Simpson, J., Thomas, DH, Pendleton, L. S., & Halliday, H. (2010). Native Americans.

Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books.

Law of Attraction

Metaphysical Law of Attraction

Need for consideration of Metaphysical Law of Attraction

Attitude and their Effects

Superordinate Identities

Positive Effect in everyday interactions

In conflict management

Negative Affect As an indicator of an unhappy relationship

Paving the road to D-I-V-O--C-E

Positive Affect Paves the oad to espect and Admiration

Use of Law of Attraction and Intercultural Communication

Metaphysical Law of Attraction

"Thou, constrained by no limits, in accordance with thine own free will, in whose hand we have placed thee, shalt ordain for thyself the limits of thy nature"..Giovanni Pico della Mirranda, Oranto "De hominis dignitatis, " or "God's Address to Adam."

"If you're not an infinite being, what would be the purpose of your life?"..Wyne Dyer, The Power of Intention

What are your beliefs about the nature of the universe? Do you have believed in order, universal natural laws, cosmic intelligence, or chaos? Do you believe…

References

Bassili, J.N. Attitude strength. In W.D. Crano & R. Prislin, (Eds.), Attitudes and attitude change, Frontiers of social psychology. New York, NY; Psychology Press, pp. 2008. 261-286.

Baxter, L.A. & Braithwaite, D.O. Introduction: Meta-theory and theory in interpersonal communication research. In L.A. Baxter & D.O. Braithwaite (Eds.), Engaging theories in interpersonal communication: multiple perspectives (pp. 1-18). 2008b Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc.

Bochner, S.. Cultures in contrast: Studies in cross cultural interaction. New York, NY: Pergamon, 2007. Print 220-2509

Cialdini, R.B. Influence: Science and Practice. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. 2001. Print

Law Firm Marketing Strategy

International marketing involves firms' marketing mix decisions across international boundaries. On the other hand, international marketing involves an operating marketing strategy to capture the markets across national boundaries. However, intense global competitions within the international business environment require firms to employ effective marketing strategies to capture international market shares. (Alansari). A clear and focused international marketing strategy requires firms to understand markets they are intending to target and operate. However, international marketing strategy for legal professionals in the Middle East needs building a strong brand loyalty that is difficult to challenge. (Doole, & Lowe).

Essentially, professional law service firms are built around senior attorneys who have built professional skills, and success of individual attorneys is built not only on the marketing strategy, the success depends on how attorneys market their career. Attorneys possessing a skill set in the international financial market practicing with international firms and…

Works Cited

Alansari, A.A. Public relations in academic libraries in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states. Library Management 34(1/2): 68-82. (2012).

Doole, I. & Lowe, R. International Marketing Strategy, Analysis, Development and Implementation, (5th Edition ) USA, Seng Lee Press. (2008).

Hague, A. Financial Times' Average Daily Global Audience (ADGA): Methodology April 2012 -- March 2013. Financial Times. United Kingdom. (2013).

Ong, C. & Wang, S. Managing Citizen-initiated Email Contacts. Government Information Quarterly, 26 (3): 498 -- 504. (2009).