Computers Essays (Examples)

In some areas it will be used for more populist applications such as, in schools to introduce students to the discipline and within an environment that will give opportunity for participation of non-academics in academic discussion.

Conclusion

Computer has in a great deal widened the world's knowledge. As the fastest technology that has ever evolved, it has given opportunity for the children and adults, for personal, academic and commercial use. It has made communication to be easier; people get to know what is happening in the other parts of the world instantly. Information and data entering and saving has been made convenient and even easy.

eference

Ceruzzi, Paul E. A History of Modern Computing. London: The MIT Press, (2000). The MIT Press. etrieved March 8, 2012 from http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/images/5/57/Onifade.pdf

Moreau, . The Computer Comes of Age -- the People, the Hardware, and the Software. London: The MIT Press, (1984). etrieved March…

Reference

Ceruzzi, Paul E. A History of Modern Computing. London: The MIT Press, (2000). The MIT Press. Retrieved March 8, 2012 from  http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/images/5/57/Onifade.pdf 

Moreau, R. The Computer Comes of Age -- the People, the Hardware, and the Software. London: The MIT Press, (1984). Retrieved March 8, 2012 from

This is what creates the continual need to share literally everything going on in their lives, as each post releases a significant dopamine rush (Charman-Anderson, 17, 18).

Dopamine is also the reason why the many forms of computer addiction are so difficult to treat. ith anonymity comes the opportunity to create multiple identities or personas online (Soule, 66, 67). This is what leads employees who have Internet addictions to create many different online identities, giving them ethical and moral leeway they would never give themselves. This aspect of personas and the forgiven unethicacy of conduct of personas is a key factor in online crimes committed by employees during company hours (Nykodym, Ariss, Kurtz, 82, 83). The personas of the addicted computer addicts are orchestrated for specific dopamine-driven production to fuel and feed habitual behaviors online

(Quinn 180). These strategies to ensure a steady supply of dopamine may not even be…

Works Cited

Charman-Anderson, Suw. "Seeking Addiction: The Role of Dopamine in Social Media." Computer Weekly (2009): 16-23.

Neumann, Peter G. "Are Computers Addictive?" Association for Computing Machinery.Communications of the ACM 41.3 (1998): 128-135.

Nykodym, Nick, Sonny Ariss, and Katarina Kurtz. "Computer Addiction and Cyber Crime." Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics (2008): 78-85. ABI/INFORM Complete. Web. 3 Dec. 2012.

Quinn, Brian. "The Medicalisation of Online Behaviour." Online Information Review 25.3 (2001): 173-80.

Computer History Museum: A virtual visit

Description of the event

The Computer History Museum has both an online and a 'real world' incarnation. It is a physical warehouse of different types of computers, a virtual catalogue of computer history throughout the ages, and also provides information about specific topics pertinent to computer history, such as the history of video games. The Museum contains artifacts such as the first calculators, 'punch cards' and online computers as well as information about their place in computer history. It makes a convincing case about the ubiquity of computers in everyday life from an early age, even though the contrast between the primitive nature of early computers and computers today is striking.

There is also a stark contrast between the functionality of early computers and computers today. The computers we use on a daily basis are multifunctional. People demand that their smartphones do everything from…

Work Cited

"The Web." Computer History Museum. [5 Dec 2012]

 http://www.computerhistory.org/revolution/the-web/20/394

Computer Dependence

The story of Pandora's Box reveals the dangers that technology brings along with its many gifts. Today, some very interesting cultural changes are beginning to take hold of society that stems from the dependence on technology and the way that it is interwoven into culture. The purpose of this essay is to examine the relationship between computer technology and the corresponding dependence that is created by this relationship. This writing intends to demonstrate that people are too dependent on computers and that more balance is needed in this age of technology where considerable portions of humanity are slowly eroding.

This essay will present evidence supporting this hypothesis and suggest that the reader insist on using logic and deductive reasoning to view this report. Many facts will be presented to persuade the reader that the relationship between human and computer has reached a level of dependence that is unhealthy…

References

Bator, M. (2009). Are young people becoming too dependent on the Internet? The Chicago Tribune, 5 Feb 2009. Retrieved from  http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-02-05/news/0902060228_1_teens-internet-distractions 

Federal Emergency Management Agency (2011). Technological Development and Dependency. Strategic Foresight Initiative, FEMA May 2011. Retrieved from  http://www.fema.gov/pdf/about/programs/oppa/technology_dev_%20paper.pdf 

Richtel, M. (2010). Attached to Technology and Paying a Price. The New York Times, 6 June 2010. Retrieved from  http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/07/technology/07brain.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 

Schirtzinger, J. (2012). Pros and Cons of Technology. The Guardian, 19 Oct 2012. Retrieved from  http://www.theguardianonline.com/news/2012/10/19/pros-and-cons-of-technology/

Computer mediated Communication (CMC)

Throughout the years, people used different means of communication to pass information from one source to another. The type of communication involved face-to-face, writing letters then sending to people, using telegrams which was the quickest means of communication, and use of telephones, although telephones were invented some years back. Today, the world has become computerized and there are new technologies that most firms have acquired to ease communication as well as replace labor. The computer mediated communications (CMC) that emerged involved the use of e-mail, chat rooms, and Usenet groups. In summary, this paper gives a narrative regarding the issue of Computer Mediated Communication as well as, analyzing the linguistic and visual features of my topic while explaining how they affect communication.

Issue of Privacy and social networking and effect on communication

The use of modern technology has contributed to a strong impact on the lives…

References

Eecke, P., & Truyens, M. (2002). Privacy and social networks. Computer law and securities.

Levy, M., & Stockwell, G. (2006). Computer-mediated communication.. options and issues in computer-assisted language learning.

Werry, C. (1996). Linguistic and interactional features of internet relay chat.. Computer-mediated communication: linguistic, social, and crosscultural perspectives; pp. 47 -- 63..

To some users of personal computers, who state, never trust a computer that you cannot lift; the IBM has been viewed, more often than not, as an enemy, and according to Byte, the computer magazine, this was because of the fact that the IBM company rose to fame mainly on the basis of its mainframe computers, that were large and forbidding, and overwhelmingly bulky. This was probably why, when the rest of the world was eyeing the emerging opportunities in the minicomputer market, the IBM never paid any attention, and even though IBM did succeed in capturing a large chunk of that market, it did not happen until Digital had captured the minicomputer market and had grown into a large corporation.

In the past few years, IBM has agreed to change the ways in which it conducts its business, and adapt to the changing times when the prices of computers…

References

Ellett, John. "About / Best Practices Center, Results Oriented Integrated Marketing the Dell

Way" Retrieved at  http://www.nfusion.com/about/best_practices/Results-Oriented_Integrated_Marketing.html . accessed 27 July, 2005

Konrad, Rachel. (10 August, 2001) "From Bits to Boom, IBM PC turns 20" Retrieved at  http://ecoustics-cnet.com.com/Mixed+record+as+PC+turns+20/2009-1040_3-271422.html . accessed 27 July, 2005.

Outsourcing Law, Deal structure, Case Study." Retrieved at http://www.outsourcing-law.com/DealStructures/IBM.Lenovo.2005.01.06.htm. accessed 27 July, 2005

As many of the world's industries are faced with increasing competitive pressure and the need to continually improve their performance, employers look to new employees with computer fluency skills as an indicator that the person also has initiative to tackle difficult learning projects and master them. Initiative is very valuable in today's labor market. When combined with computer fluency and literacy, a prospective employee can add in knowledge of a specific industry and gain a greater competitive advantage in getting a new position. This combination of factors together is what serves as the catalyst for anyone seeking a career where computer fluency is a necessary requirement.

Summary

The level of computer literacy and their level of fluency with PCs, applications, the Internet and its many applications and research tools will have a direct correlation to what they will earn over their lifetimes; this point is clear from the studies citied.…

Francis Green, Alan Felstead, Duncan Gallie, Ying Zhou. "COMPUTERS and PAY." National Institute Economic Review no. 201 (July 1, 2007): 63-75.  http://www.proquest.com  (Accessed April 30, 2008).

Copacino, William C "Skills development -- the best defense against downsizing." Logistics Management, January 1, 1997, 42.

A www.proquest.com (Accessed April 30, 2008).

Some nanorobots are being designed as "spray-on computers the size of a grain of sand." Edinburgh University has been working on nanorobots that can be sprayed onto patients as monitoring devices. They may be released for medical use in four years.

Quantum computers, based on principles like quantum entanglement and superposition, use the properties of particles. Quantum bits, called qubits, can process information faster than any existing computer technologies. A quantum computer can process many equations simultaneously. In a smaller space, using less energy, a quantum computer becomes more powerful than any commercial PC. In fact, Hertzog implies that quantum computers will mainly be used in fields demanding rapid data processing like the sciences or in cryptography.

Finally, one of the most promising future developments will be in the realm of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence implies computers that can think critically and creatively, like human beings. The potential for artificial…

References

Hertzog, C. (2006). The future of computer technology. Tech Tips. Retrieved April 17, 2007 at http://www.geeks.com/techtips/2006/techtips-26nov06.htm

Because of the standardization and flexibility of the mouse, software developers have considerable leeway in their engineering. Alternates to the mouse such as the light pen and tablet do not provide users with as robust and diverse usages as the mouse.

Mice, moreover, are inexpensive. Although users can opt for high-end mice, most standard mice and even optical and cordless mice are affordable for the average consumer. Early mice, contained in clumsy rectangular boxes, did not have the ergonomic or visual appeal of modern mice, which are easy and accessible for all users. Accessibility is another reason why the mouse has revolutionized computing. Disabled computer users who cannot access QWERTY keyboards can perform many functions using voice recognition software and basic mouse clicks.

Advancements in mouse technology have also enabled users to save considerable time and energy for their computing needs. For example, the right-click button often brings up menu…

Computer-Mediated Communication

Since its advent in the 20th century, Internet technology has become a platform for social, political, and economic interactions and transactions. Currently, cultures and societies are exploring new ways of optimizing Internet technology, from making social interactions easier, more expansive, and more frequent to minute concerns such as transferring money from one person to another via wireless Internet technology. Indeed, from its current uses and applications to human society, computer-mediated communication has become a way of life, and is no longer a new phenomenon. In fact, apprehension about the usage of the above-mentioned applications of computer-mediated communication has disappeared as the benefits outweighed its perceived risks and challenges. Only those who absolutely have no experience with computer and Internet technologies cannot see the usefulness / benefits of computer-mediated communication.

Indeed, the thesis posited demonstrates how, over time, literature and research studies about computer-mediated communication (CMC) have been conducted…

References

Baumer, M. And H. Van Resburg. (2011). "Cross-cultural pragmatic failure in computer-mediated communication." Coolabah, No. 5.

Ess, C. And F. Sudweeks. (2005). "Culture and computer-mediated communication: toward new understandings." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 11, No. 1.

Romiszowski, A. And R. Mason. (2010). Computer Mediated Communication. NY: Prentice Hall.

Wrench, J. And N. Carter. (2007). "The relationship between computer-mediated communication competence, apprehension, self-efficacy, perceived confidence, and social presence." Southern Communication Journal, Vol. 72, No. 4.

Subtopic 6: Job management and protection; include a serious discussion of security aspects

The most commonly leveled criticism of operating systems is the inherent lack of security they have (Funell, 2010). Defining operating systems to have partitioned memory is just the start, as Microsoft learned with their Windows NT platform. Dedicated memory partitions by user account can be hacked and have been (Funell, 2010). The need for greater levels of user authentication is required, including the use of biometrics for advanced systems that have highly confidential data within them. The reliance on security-based algorithms that also seek to analyze patterns of use to anticipate security threats are increasingly in use today (Volkel, Haller, 2009). This aspect of an operating system can capture the levels of activity and the patterns they exhibit, which can provide insights into when a threat is present or not. The use of predictive security technologies, in…

References

Boudreau, K.. (2010). Open Platform Strategies and Innovation: Granting Access vs. Devolving Control. Management Science, 56(10), 1849-1872.

Jason Dedrick, & Kenneth L. Kraemer. (2005). The Impacts of it on Firm and Industry Structure: The Personal Computer Industry. California Management Review, 47(3), 122-142.

Furnell, S.. (2010). Usability vs. complexity - striking the balance in end-user security. Network Security, 2010(12), 13-17.

Larus, J.. (2009). Spending Moore's Dividend. Association for Computing Machinery. Communications of the ACM, 52(5), 62.

Computer Contracting

Contracting Opportunities for a Computer Component Manufacturer: Trends in Federal Spending

The pace of technological development is now faster than it ever has been at any other time in human history, and this pace has been steadily increasing for several decades. The emergence of the computer in the first half of the twentieth century could not have foretold the power and mobility that these devices would provide a few short generations later, nor the opportunities that continuing advancement and technological growth would supply to businesses. For Vigilant Technology, a manufacturer of computer components, the opportunities are virtually endless. Selecting the most profitable route forward can be made more difficult by the abundance of choices, yet an examination of the current contracts being offered by the federal government can help indicate the large-scale trends needed for long-term profits, not to mention providing immediate short-term gains in terms of the…

Reference fbo.gov. (2011). Accessed 23 April 2011.

 https://www.fbo.gov/?s=main&mode=list&tab=list

My significant other and I met in a traditional manner, at a nightclub.

Furthermore, most of our early relationship was spent in a conventional manner; we dated and spent time with each other, using CMC, such as texts and IMs as a way of relaying information about how we would spend our face time, rather than using it as a way to replace face-time. Then, life intervened, as it so often does, and an internship opportunity across the country separated us. Both of us being relatively poor students, we are unable to fly to visit each other frequently. Furthermore, while cell phones and unlimited calling plans have made it possible for us to talk a lot of the time, we have conflicting schedules, which can make it difficult for us to arrange times for any type of lengthy conversation. However, we can spend time e-mailing each other, devoting time to…

Computers are tools for learning; and as such are not essentially different from the way dictionaries, calculators, and videos are teaching and learning tools. However, computers provide a wide range of learning experiences that do make them qualitatively and quantitatively different from other learning tools. Three ways that computers measurably benefit the learning experience include communication, information access and retrieval, and training. Computers facilitate communication between learner and teacher, or between learner and peers. With computers and their applications, the raw data of learning -- that is, information -- becomes accessible to both teacher and learners. Training manuals and tutorials can be digitalized in ways that are accessible to learners regardless of geography and time. In spite of these three benefits of computers as learning tools, there are three detriments to the use of information technology in the higher education classroom. One detriment is the digital divide, or income disparity…

References

Tam, M.D., Hart, A.R., Williams, S., Heylings, D. & Leinster, S. (2009). Is learning anatomy facilitated by computer-aided learning? A review of the literature. Informa 31(9): 393-396.

Ward, J.P.T., Gordon, J., Field, M.J. & Lehmann, H.P. (2001). Communication and information technology in medical education. The Lancet. Vol. 357: 792-796.

Warschauer, M., Turbee, L. & Roberts, B. (1996). Computer learning networks and student empowerment. System 24(1): 1-14.

Zickuhr, K. & Smith, A. (2012). Digital differences. Pew Internet.

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

Information technology and related systems provide multiple benefits to business, government, and individual users. Databases, Internet transactions, and emails contain sensitive customers, employee and operations data that are extremely vulnerable. The following study focuses on various components of IT and related systems used for the storage of information like computers, servers, and website databases. Whilst identifying the ways the date can be compromised and exposed to abuse, the study identifies ways of protecting and enhancing their integrity.

Types of information systems that that hold data

Computers

Computers do their primary work in parts that are not visible when using them. To do this, a control center that converts data input to output must be present. All this functions are done by the central processing unit (CPU) a highly complicated set of electric circuits that intertwine to store and achieve program instructions. Most computers regardless of…

References

Adikesavan, T.A. (2014). Management Information Systems Best Practices and Applications in Business. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

Bradley, T. (2006). Essential Computer Security: Everyone's Guide to Email, Internet, and Wireless Security: Everyone's Guide to Email, Internet, and Wireless Security. New York: Syngress

Khosrowpour M. (2006). Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management: 2006 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, Washington, DC, USA, May 21-24, 2006 Volume 1. Washington: Idea Group Inc. (IGI)

Kim, D. & Solomon, M. (2010). Fundamentals of Information Systems Security. New York: Jones & Bartlett Learning

Computer Hard Drives

The globalization of computer technology offers a vast number of remarkable tools, devices, applications, and advanced equipments that brings comfort in our daily work and activities. New features, designs, and capabilities of various computer peripherals and hardware are continuously being developed and brought out to market for better performance of the current technology. One very important part of a computer that experiences the trend of up-to-date improvement is the Hard Drive.

This paper aims to provide information on the evolution of computer hard drives. Included in this paper is the history of hard drive, from the time it was developed as computer hardware up to the continuous production of new and upgraded performance of data storage mediums. The various types of this technology, its changing features, and the companies who provide us with this dependable hardware are also discussed in this paper.

Introduction

Of the diverse parts…

Bibliography

Legard, David. Smaller, Faster Hard Drives Coming Soon. PC World. 2003.

Kozierok, Charles. A Brief History of the Hard Disk Drive. PC Guide. 2001.

Byard, Larry. Hard Disk Drive Guide History.

Dux Computer Digest. 09 April 2003. http://www.duxcw.com/digest/guides/hd/hd2.htm

In the second case, failing to maintain the forearms in a horizontal position can also trigger similar problems. This frequently occurs when users maintain their keyboards and mice on their desks instead of using a sliding keyboard and mouse tray. Prolonged use of keyboards and mice in an elevated position relative to the elbow causes wrist problems because of the continual downward bend required in the wrist. The solution to this type of hand and wrist problems is simply to use a pull-out keyboard and mouse tray that allows the user to keep the hands at the exact same height as the elbow without bending the wrist down at all during computer use.

Neck, Back, and Shoulder Problems

Prolonged computer use can also result in neck and back problems through similar mechanisms. When users fail to maintain the proper height of the computer monitor, they have a tendency to look…

Computer clustering involves the use of multiple computers, typically personal computers (PCs) or UNIX workstations, multiple storage devices, and redundant interconnections, to form what appears to users as a single integrated system (Cluster computing). Clustering has been available since the 1980s when it was used in Digital Equipment Corp's VMS systems. Today, virtually all leading hardware and software companies including Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, Hewlett Packard and IM offer clustering technology. This paper describes why and how clustering is commonly used for parallel processing, batch processing, load balancing and high availability.

Despite some challenges such as achieving transparency, mitigating network latency and the split-brain problem, clustering has proven to be a huge success for bringing scale and availability to computing applications. Hungry for even more efficient resource use, IT departments are now turning their eye on the next evolution of clustering called grid computing.

Parallel processing is the processing of program…

Bibliography

Beowulf clusters compared to Base One's batch job servers Retrieved May 2, 2004 from Web site: http://www.boic.com/beowulf.htm

Burleson, D. Requirements for parallel clusters. Retrieved May 1, 2004 from Web site:  http://www.fast-track.cc/teas_ft_rac07.htm 

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D'Souza, Marco (2001, April 13). Meeting high-availability through clustering. ZDNet. Retrieved May 2, 2004 from Web site:  http://www.zdnetindia.com/biztech/services/whitepapers/stories/19538.html

oday the prevalent technologies for printing output from a computer include what are called "non-impact" technologies or inkjet and laser-based printing devices.

here are an equally wide range of devices for storage of data and resulting information generated on PCs and laptops. Hard disk drives that often include multiple storage platters where data is written to and read from using read/write heads enclosed in the hard disk enclosure are commonplace. Hard drive manufacturers are increasingly shrinking the size of these hard drives, so much so that in 2008 the first camcorders that have 50GB of hard disk space for recording movies is now available. In addition to hard drives, there is also a growing popularity of flash memory-based drives that have Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections on them. hese are often called "pen" drives as they are small enough to be mounted at the top of a pen (David 2003).…

There are an equally wide range of devices for storage of data and resulting information generated on PCs and laptops. Hard disk drives that often include multiple storage platters where data is written to and read from using read/write heads enclosed in the hard disk enclosure are commonplace. Hard drive manufacturers are increasingly shrinking the size of these hard drives, so much so that in 2008 the first camcorders that have 50GB of hard disk space for recording movies is now available. In addition to hard drives, there is also a growing popularity of flash memory-based drives that have Universal Serial Bus (USB) connections on them. These are often called "pen" drives as they are small enough to be mounted at the top of a pen (David 2003). The convenience of these types of storage devices is changing how PC and laptop users store, share and archive data and information.

Define file and folder. Explain their relationship. Discuss the file management functions included in Windows XP.

The Windows XP operating system has an eclectic series of file systems included within it, including support for File Allocation Table (FAT), a 32-bit variation of the file format called FAT32, and the Windows NT File System (NTFS). Each of these file systems are specifically designed for compatibility with previous versions of Microsoft operating systems (as is the case with the FAT file system specifically) to ensure software program compatibility. FAT32 was specifically developed to give software developers an opportunity to increase the performance of their

Unfortunately, many consumers may not be aware of their photographic image being used in this fashion and even if they were, existing privacy laws fail to provide any substantive protections. For example, in response to these trends, the Harvard Law eview published an essay entitled, "In the Face of Danger: Facial ecognition and Privacy Law," with a majority of the article describing how "privacy law, in its current form, is of no help to those unwillingly tagged" (2007, para. 3). These issues have become even more salient because of the proliferation of social networking sites as discussed further below.

Privacy within social networking sites

Currently, there is a wide array of social media networks available, including social sharing sites such as YouTube and Flickr and social networks such as Linkedln and Facebook (Hensel & Deis, 2010). Others such as Spokeo and Twitter have become the virtual meeting places of choice…

References

Bamberger, K.A. & Mulligan, D.K. (2011). Privacy on the books and on the ground. Stanford Law Review, 63(2), 247-249.

Brodkin, J. (2009, December 8). PCWorld. Retrieved from  http://www.pcworld.com/article/ 

184029/Facebook_halts_beacon_gives_95m_to_settle_lawsuit.html.

Buchholz, R.A. & Rosenthal, S.B. (2006). Internet privacy: Individual rights and the common good. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 67(1), 34-36.

In setting this plan for implementation and maintenance the ultimate goal for the district within the next five years is the creation of a student-to-computer ratio of 1-1 in grades 3-12 and 3-1 for grades K-2 in accordance with developmental studies for the utilization of technology in lesson and course plans for each respective grade. Computers will be updated on an annual basis, with replacement being taken into consideration every four years. In order to maintain cost-effectiveness, leasing programs and low-cost computer programs will allow students and teachers the capacity to access more applications and content which is relevant to consumers but nearly unaffordable in many educational systems. Low-cost computer programs such as the One Laptop per Child Foundation have been developed in order to aggressively place computers in the hands of hundreds of millions of children around the world, the United States included, in order to aid students in…

References

Aliasgari, M. Mojdehavar, N. And Riahinia, F. (2010). Computer-assisted instruction and student attitudes toward learning mathematics. Education, Business, and Society, 3.1: pp. 6. Web. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Ames, M. And Warschauer, M. (2010). Can one laptop per child save the world's poor?

Journal of International Affairs, 64.1: pp. 33-55. Web. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Carman, E., Lewis, C., Murphy, K. And Richards, J. (2005). Strengthening educational technology in schools and in pre-service teacher education: a practitioner-faculty collaborative process. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 13.1: pp. 125-140. Web. Retrieved from: ProQuest Database.

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act was enacted into law in 1986 to deal with the hacking of computer systems operated by the American government and certain financial institutions. Through its enactment, the legislation made it a federal offense to access a protected computer without authorization or to an extent that is beyond the authorized access. However, since it was passed into law, the act has been amended severally in attempts to expand its scope and penalties. In addition, the act has developed to be an important legislation since it's used widely not only by the government to prosecute hackers but it's also used by private corporations to help protect their trade secrets and other proprietary information.

Penalties and Fines in the Law:

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is considered as one of the most essential computer-crime laws because it was the first significant federal legislation to offer some protection…

References:

Easttom, C. & Taylor, D.J. (2011). Computer Crime, Investigation, and the Law. Boston, MA:

Cengage Learning.

"United States v. Morris -- Bloomberg Law." (n.d.). Case Briefs. Retrieved December 3, 2012,

from  http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/criminal-law/criminal-law-keyed-to-dressler/mens-rea/united-states-v-morris/

The programming design class gives the student many tools that they will need on the job, but there is much more to the design process than having the right tools. The ability to apply those tools to the situations that will arise on the job is one of the most important skills that the designer will have. However, this is not always easy to teach in the classroom. Therefore, it is important for the design student to read as many outside sources as possible. They must understand the various philosophies and approaches to the design process. They must understand the strengths and weaknesses of those approaches and how they relate to various customer projects. The computer program design student must develop the broadest knowledge base possible in order to deliver a quality product to the customer.

eferences

Din, J. & Idris, S. (2009). Object-Oriented Design Process Model. International Journal of…

References

Din, J. & Idris, S. (2009). Object-Oriented Design Process Model. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security. 9 (10): 71-79.

Guzman, J., Mitre, H. & Amescua, a. et al. (2010). Integration of strategic management, process improvement and quantitative measurement for managing the competitiveness of software engineering organizations. Software Quality Journal. DOI: 10.1007/s11219-

9094-7 Retrieved May 31, 2010 from http://www.springerlink.com/content/58k83507v1j7w653/?p=318712de7adb48cfa387cb4

3f1366078&pi=4

The core competencies identified for this paper include: (1) data management (2) personnel management (3) strategic planning and (4) the ability to create technological innovation. ealistically speaking, a company must integrate all of its capabilities to assess its position in the market, and to determine which if any of its core competencies it must work on developing further to maintain a stable position in a volatile workplace. The computer industry is constantly evolving and changing. To be a leader in the industry one might guess the most important core capability for a computer company to have is innovative leaders and the ability to create and easily adapt to new technology.

With a foundation that includes core capabilities as data management, strategic planning and personnel management, a company could easily do this without hardship.

eferences

Aung, M. & Heeler, . (2001, Aug). "Core competencies of service firms: A framework for strategic…

References

Aung, M. & Heeler, R. (2001, Aug). "Core competencies of service firms: A framework for strategic decisions in international markets." Journal of Marketing Management, 17(8): 619-643.

Business Review. "Dassault Systemes S.A." Computer Business Review Online. Retrieved 3, May 2007:  http://www.cbronline.com/companyprofile.asp 

Cappelli, Peter & Crocker-Hefter, Anne. (1993). "Distinctive human resources are the core competencies of firms." EQW Working Papers, WP18. ERIC ED 372190.

Gartner, Inc. (May, 2007). "Gartner says companies must have a "Chindia" strategy." Research News. Tekrati, the Industry Analyst Reporter. Retrieved 3, May 2007:

Future Development Trends

The pervasiveness of the Internet and the increasing availability of development tools for creating analytics applications are together serving as the catalyst for the development of an entirely new set of predictive analytic and modeling applications where the performance of specific strategies can be simulated and planned for (Gounaris, Panigyrakis, Chatzipanagiotou, pp. 615, 616). Second, the development of collaborative platforms based on the Internet is also making the data collection function of Marketing Information Systems much more streamlined that has been the case in the past.

Conclusion

Marketing Information Systems are transforming the accuracy and speed that companies' marketing, sales and senior management can react to market conditions effectively. The growth of these systems is in direct proportion to the increasing speed and uncertainty new markets and market conditions influence company's plans and results.

eferences

Kristof Coussement, Dirk Van den Poel. "Integrating the voice of customers through…

References

Kristof Coussement, Dirk Van den Poel. "Integrating the voice of customers through call center emails into a decision support system for churn prediction. " Information & Management 45.3 (2008) 164. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 29 Apr. 2008. www.proquest.com

Elizabeth Daniel, Hugh Wilson, Malcolm McDonald. "Towards a map of marketing information systems: An inductive study. " European Journal of Marketing 37.5/6 (2003): 821-847. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 29 Apr. 2008 www.proquest.com.

Spiros P. Gounaris, George G. Panigyrakis, Kalliopi C. Chatzipanagiotou. "Measuring the effectiveness of marketing information systems:an empirically validated instrument. " Marketing Intelligence & Planning 25.6 (2007): 612-631. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 29 Apr. 2008. www.proquest.com

Ronald L. Hess, Ronald S. Rubin, Lawrence a West Jr. "Geographic information systems as a marketing information system technology. " Decision Support Systems 38.2 (2004): 197-212. ABI/INFORM Global. ProQuest. 27 Apr. 2008. www.proquest.com

Computer-Based Crime

The illegal site I reviewed for this assignment is www.howtogrowmarijuana.com. This site covers virtually all aspects of marijuana growing -- which is an illegal activity because marijuana is widely outlawed in the United States. However, there are some states in which individuals can legally consume marijuana for medicinal purposes. In these states and others there exists the potential for businesses to legally supply this substance to people.

There is a large degree of transparency in this particular web site. It was the first result to appear with a Yahoo search for "How to grow marijuana." As the tile of the site suggests, it discusses many different facets of growing marijuana and stratifies this process according to location (indoor or outdoors), various strains of marijuana including seeds (No author, 2014), irrigation and growth systems involving hydroponics, and other germane equipment types such as the expensive lights used to assist…

References

Faris, S. (2013). Have the NSA leaks compromised Big Data's future? www.dataversity.net Retrieved from  http://www.dataversity.net/page/2/?s=stephanie+faris 

No author. (2014). Marijuana seed strains review. www.howtogrowmarijuana.com Retrieved from  http://howtogrowmarijuana.com/all-marijuana-strains.html 

Romero, R. (2011). Craigslist illegal drug trade exposed. www.abc7.com

Retrieved from  http://abc7.com/archive/8132665/

Do you keep the magasine after you read it?

7.What is your age?

15-24 years

25-34 years

35-44 years

45-54 years

55-65 years over 65 years

8.What activity do you perform?

A work in the medical domain/social assistance

Liberal proffesions and private businesses work in the financial domain work in the public administration domain work in the commerce and services domain work in the medical domain work in the industry domain

Others (please mention)

9.Where do you live?

A city with more than 500.000 people city between 500.000-200.000 people city between 200.000-50.000 people

In the countryside

10.Which is your monthly income?

Under 1.000$

etween 1.000-3.000$

etween 3.000-10.000$

Over 10.000$

11. Which are your hobbies?

A a) Travelling b) Sports c) Reading

Results:

As I have predicted, the greatest part of the Cosmopolitan's readers (80%), are of ages between 20 and 35 years, most of whom (55%) are rather students or…

Bibliography

WELCH Susan and Rebekah Herrick, "Women and minorities in the United States," New York:Praeger, pp. 1985

Rory O'BRIEN, "Normative vs. Empirical theory and Method," New York, new York American library, 1981 www.cosmopolitan.com www.elle.com

J.P. GUILFORD, 'Psychometric Methods," McGraw-Hill, New York, 1954

E. GUMMERSSON, Relationship Marketing," Macmillan Publishing Company, new York, 1993 case study conducted in Sacramento, California, in the period 10.19.2006-10.22.2006

Computer Vision Syndrome

According to the Computer Desktop Encyclopedia, Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is "A variety of problems related to prolonged viewing of a computer screen. Short-term effects include dry eyes, blurred vision, eye fatigue and excessive tearing. Long-term effects include migraines, cataracts and visual epilepsy. Some solutions are to keep reflections and glare to a minimum and to provide a non-fluorescent, uniform light source. Special lamps are available that maintain the proper light around the monitor and generate light at much higher frequencies than regular light bulbs"

With the ever increasing amount of time consumers are spending in front of their computer screens, this disability is considered on of the fastest growing work related health problems in the country today. For many Americans, the problem cannot be left behind at the office. Individuals come home, to spend time surfing the web, corresponding via email, and pursuing various computer-based entertainment…

Bibliography

Anshel, J. 1997, July 1. Computer vision syndrome: causes and cures.

Managing Office Technology.

Chambers, Anne. 1999, Oct. 1. Computer Vision Syndrome: Relief Is in Sight.

Occupational Hazards.

The instructor does sit with the student when he or she is training with the devices the FAA approves for the educational computer training. Sometimes a separate computer is used during this process, but the teacher is able to monitor and control the student's flight as well as plan out every detail for him or her at that particular time (United States Gernal Accounting Office, 1999).

For those that are educators, they too have noticed trends with computer-based training. The convenience of learning on the Web has stretched all the possible barriers that occur locally and globally. When it comes to distance learning, the Internet is used to deliver material to the learner, such as Word documents or PowerPoints. However, in other online environments, this is provided through hypertext, which allows the learner more opportunities to explore the information provided as well as to have much interactivity (Khalifa & Lam,…

References

Bowman, W.R., Crawford, A.M., & Mehay, S. (2009). An assessment of the effectiveness of computer-based training for newly commissioned surface warfare division officers. Naval Postgraduate School, 119.

Information Design, Inc. (2004). Issues in web-based training. 5.

Khalifa, M., & Lam, R. (2002). Web-based learning: Effects on learning process and outcome. IEEE Transactions on Education, 7.

Kulik, C.-L. C., & Kulik, J.A. (1991). Effectiveness of computer-based: An updated analysis. Computers in human behavior, 20.

Computer and Web Ethics

The term "computer ethics," as coined by Walter Maner in the 1970s, refers to a field of study that examines "ethical problems aggravated, transformed, or created by computer technology" (Maner, 1980). Maner suggested that persons engaged in computer-related actions should apply traditional ethical frameworks, such as Kantianism and Utilitarianism, to govern their decision-making. While Immanuel Kant's virtue ethics are rooted in respect for all people and an inherent respect for virtuous character traits -- such as kindness, honesty, patience and humility -- Utilitarianism judges the morality of an action according to "the greatest good for the greatest number" rule (Stanford Encyclopedia, 2011).

Similar to Maner's definition, Deborah Johnson, author of Computer Ethics (1985), defined computer ethics as a study of how computers "pose new versions of standard moral problems and moral dilemmas, exacerbating the old problems, and forcing us to apply ordinary moral norms to uncharted…

References

Bynum, T. (2006). "Flourishing Ethics," Ethics and Information Technology, 8(4), 157-173.

Gotterbarn, D. (2001). "Informatics and Professional Responsibility," Science and Engineering Ethics, 7(2), 221-30.

Johnson, D. (1985). Computer Ethics, First Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; Second Edition, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994; Third Edition Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2001.

Maner, W. (1980). Starter Kit in Computer Ethics, Hyde Park, NY: Helvetia Press and the National Information and Resource Center for Teaching Philosophy.

Computer Mediated Learning

For busy adults with conflicting schedules facing a multitude of family and work demands, who still wish to add to their academic credentials or vocational qualifications, computer mediated learning may seem like an ideal way for such adults to satisfy their educational needs. For an elementary school instructor, however, computer mediated learning lacks the supervisory, mentoring, and hands-on capacity that is usually deemed necessary for imparting basic skills. An "online, collaborative learning approach using the Internet offers solutions to many of the problems plaguing university education," such as oversubscribed classes and the difficulty for university students to gain access to the required classes that they need to graduate on time. (Jones, 2004) At a higher education level, computer mediated learning allows for students to be enrolled in more sections on a year 'round basis in a university environment -- but this is not an advantage enjoyed by…

Works Cited

Jones, David. (2004) "Solving Some Problems of University Education: A Case Study." Horizon. Retrieved 14 Jun 2005 at  http://horizon.unc.edu/projects/monograph/CD/Science_Mathematics/Jones.asp 

Perez, Lucia. (1996) "The Effectiveness of the Internet in the Foreign Language Classroom." Horizon. Retrieved 14 Jun 2005 at Horizon. Retrieved 14 Jun 2005 at  http://horizon.unc.edu/projects/monograph/CD/Language_Music/Perez.asp 

Shaw, Robin. (1996) "Conversion of a Mathematics Course to Tutor-Supported Computer-Assisted Flexible Learning." Horizon. Retrieved 14 Jun 2005 at  http://horizon.unc.edu/projects/monograph/CD/Science_Mathematics/Shaw.asp

Computer-mediated communication has "revolutionized social interaction," (Georgakopoulou, 2011, p. 93). On some days, I communicate with others more with digital devices than in person, such as days I am home studying. Instead of using the phone or talking in person, I will use messenger apps or email. Social media is also an important type of computer-mediated communication. It matters because of the ways technology transforms the nature of communication. The term "mediation" refers mainly to the means by which a message is transmitted (Thurlow, Lengel & Tomic, 2004, p. 18). When we are in person or even on the phone, our brains can pick up a slew of cues, such as tone of voice, pauses in the person's speech, pace of speaking, and other forms of non-verbal communication. We detect tone and emotion in body language, eyes, and timbre of voice. These cues are all absent in computer-mediated communication, with…

Hacking, the apolitical counterpart of hacktivism, is also not necessarily a form of terrorism. However, cyberterrorists often use hacking as a tool of terrorism.

Terrorists may be tempted to use computer attacks for several reasons including the following. First, cyberterrorism can be relatively inexpensive. Second, terrorists can easily remain anonymous when they use computer terrorism. Third, the scope of the attack can potentially be larger than physically combative ones. Fourth, cyberterror can be launched and managed remotely and fifth, computer terrorism can garner instant and widespread media attention. Cyberterrorism is not only in the province of international terrorist organizations but may also be used by fanatical religious groups or even by disgruntled employess. Using computer terrorism can also become an adjunct to traditional forms of terror like bombs.

The National Security Agency (NSA) has investigated vulnerabilities in their own systems and have hired hackers to expose weaknesses in their systems.…

References

Weimann, G. (2004). Cyberterrorism: How Real Is the Threat? United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved April 17, 2007 at  http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr119.html

However, pricing has stabilized and marketing is aimed at mainstream demographics.

CFS' last product, Chubby Stubbies, is at the very early phase of the introduction stage. The company is still working on test marketing, and building product awareness to develop a market for this product. Product quality still has to be established, and it is uncertain if intellectual property protection, such as patents and trademarks, have been secured yet or not. Pricing has yet to be determined, and the organization may wish to garner market penetration with a low pricing strategy, or they may need to utilize high skim pricing to recoup some of their development costs, given their limited financial resources. Distribution will be limited until consumer acceptance is certain, and promotion will be geared towards building brand awareness and educating potential buyers.

3. When considering next year's marketing plan, CFS may wish to implement a more efficient method…

" Shin (2006) Shin also states that the CMC literature "illustrates shifts of focus to different layers of context." Early on, research relating to CMC in language learning and teaching looked at the linguistic content of CMC text to examine how language learners could improve certain communication functions and learn linguistic figures through CMC activities (lake, 2000; Chun, 1994; Kern, 1995; Ortega, 1997; Pellettieri, 2000; Smith 2000, Sotlillo, 2000; Toyoda & Harrison, 2002, Tudini, 2003; Warschauer, 1996) Recent studies of "tellecollaborative projects have examined how language learners jointly construct the contexts of their CMC activities, as part of their focus on tensions among intercultural communication partners. (elz, 2003, 2003; Kramsch & Thorn, 2002; O'Dowd, 2003; Ware 2000, War & Kramsch, 2005) IN the study of Shin (2006) which was "informed by Ware's (2005) examination of a tellecollaborative communication project between American college students and German students" Shin (2006) looks into…

Bibliography

Introduction to Computational Linguistics (2006) Computer-Assisted Language Learning  http://www.georgetown.edu/faculty/ballc/ling361/ling361_call.html .

Lusnia, Karen B. (1000) Teaching Teachers Long-Distance: A Paradigm-Shift for the Teacher-Planner in Mexico - Applied Linguistics. Paper presented at the International Conference on Language Teacher Education.

Bakhtin, M.M. (1981). Excerpts from discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays by M.M. Bakhtin. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Bateson, G. (2000). Steps to an ecology of mind: Collected essays in anthropology, psychiatry, evolution, and epistemology. Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press.

Computer assisted learning (CAL), once a novel concept, is a staple in numerous classrooms across the country, from the primary education to the university level. Computer assisted learning offers both students and teachers a daunting and near-limitless education supplement. However, this paper will examine examples where computer assisted learning is more or less effective and why. It will be revealed that computer assisted learning programs that are most effective are the ones which place precedence on interactivity. A particularly successful program, the Interaction Multimedia Computer Assisted Instruction Theory, will be examined carefully in regards to the strategy and concepts used in order to make such a learning program as successful as possible.

Introduction

Educators and pedagogues have known for years the wealth of benefits that computer assisted learning can offer the student. Certain educational software programs equal a dissemination of difficult concepts and/or an illumination of intricate ideas. For example,…

References

Azer, S. (2008). Navigating problem-based learning. Marrickville: Elsevier.

Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., & Linden, L. (2004). Computer-assisted learning project with pratham in india.Poverty Action Lab, Retrieved from  http://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/computer-assisted-learning-project-pratham-india 

Greenhalgh, T. (2001). Computer assisted learning in undergraduate medical education. British Medical Journal, 322(7277), 40-44.

Iskander, M. (2008). Innovative techniques in instruction technology, e-learning. Brooklyn:

Project Management:

Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managing resources that would cause the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives. It is sometimes conflated with program management. Regardless, a program is technically a higher level construct. Any group of related and somehow interdependent projects is key to product management.

A project is a temporary attempt. With a defined start and finish, typically reserved to a specified date, these can be by funding or deliverables, undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, usually to bring about beneficial change or added value. The temporary nature of projects stands in contrast to business as usual or operations, which are repetitive, permanent or semi-permanent functional work to produce products or repairs. Essentially, the management of these two systems is often found to be quite different, and as such requires the development of distinct technical skills and the adoption of…

Sources Used:

SWOT analysis

SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. The technique is credited to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies.

A SWOT analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model. A SWOT analysis should be defined by the start and finish. Attributes of the person or company that assist in achieving all objectives. However, attributes of the person or company may also be harmful to achieving any objectives. External conditions that are helpful to achieving the objectives create opportunities. External conditions which could do damage to the objectives may pose a threat and should be consciously monitored. Identification of SWOTs are essential because

For the SunLife agents to be successful the accumulated experience and knowledge in the company need to be captured, and applied to the sales cycles and ongoing customer relationships. This is another major gap that is in the approach the company is taking with the implementation of Maestro today as well. SunLife is not taking into account the deep expertise and knowledge within the company to streamline and make more efficient the selling process, and as a result the resistance to change on the part of agents just increases over time. They fail to see the value of making any significant shift in how they view new technologies to help them sell more effectively or continually be trusted advisors over time.

SunLife has an exceptionally strong grasp of technologies and their contributions to each aspect of the insurance sales, account management and risk management aspects of the insurance industry. Several…

References

Bull, C.. (2010). Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system, intermediation and disintermediation: The case of INSG. International Journal of Information Management, 30(1), 94.

Ernst, H., Hoyer, W., Krafft, M., & Krieger, K.. (2011). Customer relationship management and company performance -- the mediating role of new product performance. Academy of Marketing Science. Journal, 39(2), 290-306.

Keller, 1999. The Pitfalls of Meta-Systems and Business Rules. Generali Office Service and Consulting.

Levasseur, R.. (2011). People Skills: Optimizing Team Development and Performance. Interfaces, 41(2), 204-208.

An influence diagram has detailed rules that help decision makers pay strict attention to various differentiating options and the variables of a problem. (Zumuda, 2004)

Although the example above is not for the Automation Department's specific problem, the diagram does lay a foundation of what can be achieved by using the influence diagram as a decision making tool.

The objective would be to gather all of the details of the problem including the various opinions of the other departments into a single landscape so that management can decided what is best for the company in regard to future costs, efficiency and organizational objectives. This is not the Automation Department's problem; this is a company wide problem and any and all decisions that affect the future of the organization should be well thought out and planned for accordingly. The influence diagram in this case, would be an excellent tool to meet…

References

Zumuda, Bob. (n.d.). Influence Diagram. Retrieved on December 14, 2004, from  http://bobzmuda.tripod.com/influence.html 

Computers

Instead, it is seen as an essential tool that can help a variety of organizations to be able to increase their revenues and productivity. (Singh, 2009, pp. 1 -- 10)

At the same time, the use of social software has meant that many corporations have been reaching out to employees. This is because they are seeing how this can help to: improve collaboration and communication. One of the biggest problems that a number of different organizations around the world have faced; is that coordinating their various departments can be challenging. The reason why, is due to the fact that globalization has meant that a number of companies must establish numerous offices around the world. In the past this was problematic, because many organizations had trouble communicating with other offices around the globe from: issues such as differences in the time zones. This made it more challenging to communicate and monitor…

Bibliography

Cook, N. (2008). Enterprise 2.0. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing.

Cross, R. (2004). Breaking the Mold. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

Kennedy, M. (2009). Trust in Social Networking. Social Networking Communities and E-Dating Services (pp. 225 -- 238). Hershey, NY: Information Science Reference.

Kerno, S. (2008). Limitations of Communities and Practice. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 15 (1), 69 -- 78.

(Andrews, 1985)

The study found that computer charting was well accepted by therapists. "Charge capture was reduced from a four-step manual process to a single-step computer documentation of the procedure. Computer charting was more complete and informative. Productivity increased 18%, although it remains unclear to what degree the computer was responsible." (Andrews, 1985)

In conclusion, the study determined that computer charting streamlined the process of documentation and allowed more beneficial use of clinical information. (Andrews, 1985)

In other words, the study fell in line with the later Cunningham study in that they both noted that computer involvement in various stages of health care provision via computer charting truly benefits the health care provider and the patient. In addition, it streamlines costs and eliminates costly errors.

College health systems benefit especially from computer charting, according to Carol Mulvihill, R.N.,C., CQ Editor and Director of Health Services, University of Pittsburgh at radford.…

Bibliography

Andrews, RD, et al. 1985. Computer charting: an evaluation of a respiratory care computer system. Respir Care. 1985 Aug;30(8):695-707.

Cunningham, S, et al. 1996. Comparison of nurse and computer charting of physiological variables in an intensive care unit. Int J. Clin Monit Comput. 1996 Nov;13(4):235-41.

Medinotes: 2005. Charting Plus. www.medinotes.com

Mulvihill, Carol. 1997. Advantages of computerized charting in college health. University of Pittsburgh: CQ.