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Contexts and Issues in Family Studies -- Social Services in the Bilingual Community of Fort orth, Texas
Fort orth Texas
The Texas Institute for Policy Research has created a community initiative specifically designed to improve the health of the community's members in the community of Fort orth. The community center is specifically designed to address such issues as poor health amongst the community, difficulties for secondary English speakers to obtain community services, and to beautify the community through landscape projects. The "Heart of Texas" center believes that while all levels of government have a role in addressing health care issues, the Institute believes that solutions for the future of health care must be developed from the "bottom up," community by community. The Institute encourages the development of stakeholder groups to take leadership in their community to pursue a community-health collaborative process. The ongoing facilitation of community collaboratives is an emerging…
Works Cited
Dart, Lynn, Frable, Pamela Jean, Bradley, Patricia J., Bae, Sejong and Singh, Karan. (Apr 2005) "Working with Families to Prevent Obesity: A Community-Campus Partnership." Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences. http://www.aafcs.org/resources/jfcs.html
Drewnowski, A., & Spector, S.E. (2004). "Poverty and obesity: The role of energy density and energy costs." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 79(1), 6-16. http://www.ajcn.org /
Contexts Law
Should Karl, Sylvia and Gabrielle benefit and be protected by European Union law? You answer by reference to what is the law and also by reference to what you think should be the law?
Law is defined as a system of certain rules, regulations, and guidelines which are generally made obligatory through certain institutions. There are different laws related to different social, economic, political, and business issues. For example there are labor laws, contact laws, property laws, trust laws, constitutional laws, administrative laws, criminal laws, tort laws, international laws, and many more. These all laws provide source of guidelines and rules which have to be followed by each and every one (Wrobleski, & Hess, 2000).
As globalization has changed the complete outlook of the each and every aspect of this world, it also has significant impact on laws and enforcement and implementation of laws. The laws followed in…
REFERENCES
Brandt, R. (1964). The concepts of obligation and duty. Mind New Series, 73(291), 374-393.
Chalmers, D, Davies, G, & Monti, G. (2010). European union law: cases and materials. UK: Cambridge University Press.
Estreicher, S. (1985). Unjust dismissal laws: some cautionary notes. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 33(2), 310-323.
Feinberg, J, & Narveson, J. (1970). The nature and value of rights. The Journal of Value Inquiry, 4(4), 243-260.
Contexts for Managing Depression and its Stigma among Black West Indian Canadian Women
This qualitative study by Schreiber, Noerager, and Wilson (1998) was conducted to ascertain the depression experiences of black West Indian women living in Canada in order to inform clinical practice (p. 511). The authors note there is a lack of research to assist nurses and other healthcare providers in knowing how to meet the specific needs women from non-dominant cultural backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to expand awareness of how matters of race and culture can affect therapeutic processes (p. 510).
Data Collection Methods
Data was gathered using Grounded Theory as the chosen method of collection. Grounded theory is a research method that enables the researcher to simultaneously collect, code, and analyze data. Data collection took place in a large urban center in southern Ontario, Canada. A series of interviews with 12 Black West Indian…
References
Schreiber, R., Noerager, S., & Wilson, C. (1998). The contexts for managing depression and its stigma among black Weat Indian Canadian women. Journal of advanced nursing, 27, 510-517.
contexts within the movie Amistad. It has 2 sources.
Despite the fact that the societies that we contemporarily survive and interact within are highly complex and advanced entities, incidences comprised of such social woes as racism and other discrimination continue to come forth to some degree or another. There has, however, been a marginal decline regarding the prevalence of strong, anti-African-American racial discrimination within the U.S. As compared to the degree to which it soared during the 18 and early 19 centuries.
People living within contemporary society prevalently perceive the character of Cinque as being rather heroic, this being primarily due to the comparable decline of racism within contemporary societal parameters. The protagonist's strong sense of survival, which later turns out to be the metaphoric kiln for the determination that eventually induces him to scheme and activate a plan for oppressing the oppressors, is more than enough to ensure that…
Reference:
Hadden, Sally. A Review of Amistad, Florida State University 1998, Accessed on 2-5-2003 @ http://www.tntech.edu/history/amistadr.html
Author not available, Amistad: It's Right to Rebel! Revolutionary Worker #939 January 11, 1998 @ http://rwor.org/a/v19/930-39/939/amistad.htm
Constructing & Interpreting Contexts in Modern Education
Contexts of Education
Author's note with contact information and more details on collegiate affiliation, etc.
Even from just the article titles, one can gather that these pieces want to determine factors that construct educational contexts in Australia today. There has been a shift, of sorts, in the thinking concerning this issue. The articles are dated very recently and they each make a point to reference the 21st century, and words such as "modern" and "contemporary." These article want to go behind the curtain of education and reveal its true form. The authors desire that the reader become aware of and sensitive to what goes on in education besides the actual teaching and learning. The authors desire that readers know there are numerous factors that contribute to who teaches, what is taught, who is taught, and how teaching occurs. The articles are furthermore concerned…
References:
Kyle, N. (1999) "reconstructing childhood." understanding education: contexts and agendas for the new millennium, Prentice Hall. 1(3), 18 -- 25.
Meadmore, P. (2004) "What does economic management have to do with education?" New Questions for Contemporary Teachers, Perth Education Australia. 1(11), 141 -- 152.
Rodwell, G. (2003) " 'Shoes Well Cleaned and Heels Repaired': scientific management, eugenics and teacher selection and preparation in Australia, 1910 -- 1970." Discourse: studies in the cultural politics of education, Cartfax Publishing. 24(1), 1 -- 21.
Tait, G. (2006) "What is the relationship between social governance and schooling?" Cultural Perspectives in Education, Pearson Custom Publishing. 1(2), 25 -- 36.
Indeed, the national flag was the British Union Jack with a swastika in the middle of it. The story is that V, a prior victim of the plague, seeks to usurp the government through a combined effort of eliciting the people's help (which happens at the end of the movie), the assassination of the leader (known as the Chancellor) and the destruction of the Parliament building by using a fertilizer bomb sitting on a train (not unlike the Oklahoma City bombing in the United States, except that that was in a box truck parked in front of the building). So as to correlate all of this to what the art relating to the Guy Fawkes mask means, the depiction of the Guy Fawkes mask, the "V" symbol and the anarchy symbol all at the same time is not-so-veiled threat against the government that the people can and might absolutely rise…
Works Cited
Ambah, Faiza. "In Saudi Arabia, a Resurgence of Sufism." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 2 May 2006. Web. 14 May 2014.
.
Awais, Yasmine, J. "Revolution Calling: Rehabilitative Art Therapy in Saudi
Arabia." International Journal of Therapy & Rehabilitation 18.11 (2011): 600-
quiet room than in a noisy room.
Participants
Forty eight students attending to a class were participated and reported their first languages and their ages.
Materials
Twenty words were used to understand the nature of a context-based memory retrieval task. The list of the words is {Prisoner, Biology, Journalist, Child, Search, Dirt, Calculator, Egg, elationship, Urgent, Age, Freedom, Huge, Employ, Population, Laughter, Injure, Machinery, Violent, and Nature}.
The list of words was shown to the participant for 1 minute in a quiet classroom. Accordingly, the participants were given 2 minutes to write the words in any order. In the first experiment, the room was quiet while the participants were retrieving the words whereas the noise condition of room (i.e., noise room) was changed in the second experiment. In the second experiment, other procedures were exactly the same as first experiment.
Design
The design parameters are the word retrieval in a…
References
Godden, D, & Baddeley, A. (1975). Context dependent memory in two natural environments. British Journal of Psychology, 66(3), 325-331.
Smith, S. (1985). Background music and context depended memory. American Journal of Psychology, 98(4), 591-603.
Figure 1. The number of word retrieval for each subject.
Figure 2. Number of word retrieval for the participants classified by their first languages.
HM Policies
Cultural Context of HM
The hardest biases of all to overcome are those of which we are not even aware of ourselves. Our readings in human resources management and policy demonstrate this: While writers like Collin (2010) acknowledge the fact that they are writing from one specific perspective, at the same time they may not be aware of exactly how limited that perspective may be. This paper examines a number of the assumptions that come into play in establishing human resources management programs and policies in two different cultural contexts not simply as a window into two different sets of practices (although this would be interesting in and of itself) but also as a way (and this is the primary purpose within the context of this paper) to elucidate the ways in which a larger context must be consider.
The first is that outlined by Collin (2010), a…
References
Beardwell, J. & Claydon, T. (2010). Human resource management: A contemporary approach (4th ed.). London: Prentice Hall
Chiu, S. & Lee, S. (1997). Asian Survey 37(8), 752-770.
Clegg, S.R. (1998) Frameworks of power. Sage, New Delhi.
Jayawardena, D. & Seneviratne, P. (2003). Human Resource Management: a post-modern reading. http://www.freewebs.com/slageconr/9thicslsflpprs/fullp066.pdf
Global context would have to have a starting point, in order to give the evaluation some context. For a company engaged in international business, the answer is quite a bit different than for an NGO, or the average worker. In general, understanding how the world works is important, and one of the critical elements of that is the pattern of globalization. Numerous theories have been put forth about this, including "flat," "spiked" and "clustered," metaphors that require further definition in order to be understood. The idea of the flat world comes from Thomas Friedman, who argued that advances in technology, communications, and transportation are reducing the importance of location in terms of competitive advantage. This is surely a vision of the future, or at least a direction in which the world is trending, since there remains significant differences and barriers between locations that prevent the world from being truly flat,…
Works Cited:
Feiock, R., Moon, M., & Park, H. (no date). Is the world flat or spiky? Rethinking governance implications of globalization for economic development. Florida State University. Retrieved May 4, 2013 from http://localgov.fsu.edu/publication_files/T2P_Feiock%20et%20al%20Final.pdf
Florida, R. (2005). The world is spiky. The Atlantic. Retrieved May 4, 2013 from http://www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/images/issues/200510/world-is-spiky.pdf
Florida, R. (2008). In praise of spikes. Fast Company. Retrieved May 4, 2013 from http://www.fastcompany.com/703032/praise-spikes
Ricoeur
The context is liberation. In this short essay, the author will evaluate Ricoeur's hermeneutical method. They will go on to describe Ricoeur's method, critique its strengths and weakness and then raise questions that need to be answered for clarification.
Paul Ricoeur saw layers in meaning in his hermeneutical philosophy where we examine ourselves in depth and detail. In other words, he is trying to get at the underlying reasons for human meaning. This is especially helpful in biblical hermeutics where the text is not clear. He is best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutic interpretation. He can not be fit into any one school, but below are some ideas that recur throughout his work.
Ricoeur developed a philosophical and theoretical style that has been described as "tensive." He brought together many heterogeneous discourses and concepts to form a composite discourse in which new meanings are created. He was…
consumption a cultural context. instructions: project requires analyze describe consumption behaviors sources influence widely recognized cultural occurrence. cultural occurrence choose. Howecer, assignment easier conduct choose a context occurring time (e.
hile people are generally accustomed to considering that consumer behavior is an active element in the contemporary society and that it is not necessarily responsible for negative experiences, the truth is that it also has a 'dark side'. The Super Bowl has an audience nearing 100 million and it is thus essential for individuals in charge of advertising to be especially proficient in exploiting these numbers as effective as possible. ith the internet currently making it possible for an international public to join a domestic one in watching the event things are escalating rapidly as hundreds of millions of foreigners watch the Super Bowl. Millions of dollars are invested in the event and in advertising with the purpose of keeping…
Works cited:
Kahle, Lynn R., and Close, Angeline, "Consumer Behavior Knowledge for Effective Sports and Event Marketing," (Taylor & Francis, 24.09.2010)
Walsh, John, "Consumer Behaviour Basics: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs," Retrieved September 20, 2012, from: http://socyberty.com/social-sciences/consumer-behaviour-basics-maslows-hierarchy-of-needs/
Wood, Natalie T. And Solomon, Michael R. "Virtual Social Identity and Consumer Behavior," (M.E. Sharpe, 30.07.2009)
Kardes, Frank, Cronley, Maria, and Thomas, Cline, "Consumer Behavior," (Cengage Learning, 01.01.2010 )
For example, in his book, the Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South, Lassiter maintains that it is inaccurate to use what he terms as a "southern strategy" in the analysis of why the South was fundamentally changed from a Democratic Party base into a bastion of the epublican Party during the latter part of the 20th century without taking into account what part was played by the policymakers and voters alike (Lassiter). A superior approach to this analysis, Lassiter suggests, is to examine the regional and local developments that took place during this turbulent and formative period in the nation's history and how the interaction between blacks and whites became focused on issues of property rights rather than a merely pigmentocratric approach. In fact, even within some minority communities themselves, the focus of the debate over changes in public policies in recent years has been more on property…
References
Hayes, Bruce D. Redlines, Black Spaces: The Politics of Race and Space in a Black Middle- Class Suburb, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001.
Lassiter, Matthew D. Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South: The Silent Majority, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Low, Setha. Behind the Gates: Life, Security, and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Rome, Adam. The Bulldozer in the Countryside: Suburban Sprawl and the Rise of American Environmentalism. Cambridge: University Press, 2001.
" who states: "The unwillingness of confronting directly in a negotiation often comes from the collective societies. 'The Swede is open and transparent, but the Indian counterpart thinks that he is hiding something. Indians never put all the cards on the table, while the Swedes do.'" Therefore, due to these differences in cultural styles of communication it is often very difficult for negotiations to take place between those who are unaware of the cultural communication principles and standards. Communication is a critically important aspect of a company's exporting strategies therefore an effective negotiator that speaks in the same communication style as the country culture to which the company is exporting is extremely important.
ILIOGRAPHY
Henkow, Pernilla and Otteland, Cecilla (2006) Destination India: A Minor Field Study on how Swedish Companies Can Facilitate their Establishment in India. School of usiness -- Stockholm University Spring 2006. Online available at: www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument-urn_nbn_se_su_diva-6458-1__fulltext.pdf
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Henkow, Pernilla and Otteland, Cecilla (2006) Destination India: A Minor Field Study on how Swedish Companies Can Facilitate their Establishment in India. School of Business -- Stockholm University Spring 2006. Online available at: www.diva-portal.org/diva/getDocument-urn_nbn_se_su_diva-6458-1__fulltext.pdf
John . Kennedy
Rhetorical context: The audience is a conservative political group that advocates smaller federal government and the right for local communities and states to control as much of their needed government as possible. The occasion is their annual meeting, and the purpose is to demonstrate that although Kennedy was a liberal in many ways, he was still a great, if flawed, man.
John . Kennedy: the very name makes political conservatives cringe. However, his short role in the political history of the Presidency was so pivotal that is necessary to consider what kind of President he really was beyond the hype and the active public relations campaign that kept his many flaws out of the news media. Because the media remained silent about his personal flaws, the country was able to nearly canonize him after his untimely death.
He was a Liberal. Of that there is no doubt.…
For all his flaws, John F. Kennedy was a great president who understood the Communist threat at the most important level. Because he was willing to stand up to the Russians during the Cuban Missile Crisis, the United States triumphed over our greatest enemy without a single battle. By doing this, he made the end of the Cold War inevitable.
Source:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/kennedy_celebrity_01.shtml
(the Teacher's role in developing social skills)
ole of Workplaces:
espectable work is seen as a social standard based on harmonizing and mutually collaborative policies to advance rights at work; employment; social protection and social dialogue. It tackles a basic ambition of women and men everywhere, that is, to get respectable and productive work in situations of freedom, equality, security and dignity of human labor. This ambition stresses a collective attempt by many bodies, namely, by international organizations, national governments, business and workers, and by all the social bodies in civil society. It needs all mediators of change to be involved in pioneering economic and social initiatives, customized to particular national and local needs. It specifically calls for new working relationships and dialogue between the conventional social partners in the sphere of work which includes governments, organizations of employers and trade unions and other associations of civil society, which have…
References
Jacobs, Garry; Cleveland, Harlan. (1 November, 1999) "Social Development Theory" retrieved at http://www.icpd.org/development_theory/SocialDevTheory.htm . Accessed on 26 February 2005
Keirsey, David. (1998) "Parenting and Temperament" retrieved at http://keirsey.com/parent.html . Accessed on 26 February 2005
Lavoie, Rick. "The Teacher's role in developing social skills" Retrieved at http://www.ldonline.org/article.php?max=20&special_grouping=&id=400&loc=22Accessed on 27 February 2005
Moore, Shirley. G. "The Role of Parents in the Development of Peer Group Competence" ERIC Digest. Retrieved at http://www.fww.org/articles/misc/0628e.html. Accessed on 26 February 2005
Additionally, the very peculiar relationship between modern information technologies and the business must somehow be conceptualized if a proper model of knowledge transfer is to be attained. So, while in some cases, technology may serve as an obvious way to optimize the transfer of knowledge and overcome the barriers of routines, these same technologies, in different settings or with different individuals, will create more barriers and less effective routines. The fundamental concern must be attaining an applicable model of knowledge transfer, and perhaps the willingness to employ the idea of replication wherever it can be straightforwardly implemented.
Traditionally, many careers have been subject to gender specific designations. Obviously, numerous broad fields of work like medicine and law have historically been dominated by men, while women have been relegated to secretarial, nursing, or other subordinate positions. In recent decades this trend has come under fire and gender is no-longer widely accepted…
Reference:
Cohen, M.D. et al. (1996). "Routines and Other Recurring Action Patterns of Organizations." Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 5, No. 3.
Woods, Bob. (2001). "Sharing the Intellectual Wealth." Chief Executive, July.
Cohen, M.D. et al. "Routines and Other Recurring Action Patterns of Organizations." Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1996. Page 683.
Woods, Bob. "Sharing the Intellectual Wealth." Chief Executive, July 2001. Page 20.
Social Context of HIV and AIDS in Africa
The government of Africa has been moving toward criminalization of HIV transmission in its attempts to respond to the rising numbers of HIV infections however, those who advocate for human rights are concerned that these laws result in a violation of the rights of individuals living with HIV and ultimately resulting in the marginalization of these individuals. As well, it has been argued that laws criminalizing transmission of AIDS are counterproductive to the reason for their creation, which is that of slowing the rate of transmission and infection of HIV. There are arguments both for and against criminalization of HIV transmission that are valid and worthy of consideration.
Research Question
The question addressed in this research study is one asking if criminalization of HIV transmission is a valid option to slowing the rate of infection among the population.
Significance of the Study…
Bibliography
The Criminalization of HIV (nd) UNFPA, Worldaids Campaign, IPPF, and GYCA,
Bernard EJ: (2008) Criminal HIV Transmission. 2008 in: HIV is a Virus, Not a Crime: Ten Reasons Against Criminal Statutes and Criminal Prosecutions. Journal of the International AIDS Society. Dec 2008.
UNFPA Fact Sheet (2008) 'The Criminalisation of HIV' in: HIV is a Virus, Not a Crime: Ten Reasons Against Criminal Statutes and Criminal Prosecutions. Journal of the International AIDS Society. Dec 2008.
Bernard EJ (2008) Criminal HIV Transmission. Neue Zurcher Zeitung 2008 in: HIV is a Virus, Not a Crime: Ten Reasons Against Criminal Statutes and Criminal Prosecutions. Journal of the International AIDS Society. Dec 2008.
Scottish universities generally offered more mathematics and science programs than were offered by most English universities. The strong mathematics and science programs in Scotland attracted such American students as Benjamin ush. He studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh. When he returned to North America in 1769, he helped form the earliest American medical education programs at the College of Philadelphia. After the United States won its independence from England in 1783, the states that made up the new country began to establish state colleges. The University of Georgia was founded in 1785, the University of North Carolina in 1789, the University of Tennessee in 1794, and the University of South Carolina in 180l (Colleges and Universities, 2009).
The University of Virginia was founded under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson in 1819. This marked the beginning of the modern style of state university organization, control, and curriculum. Jefferson's ideas was…
References
Colleges and Universities. (2009). Retrieved September 27, 2009, from Microsoft® Encarta®
Online Encyclopedia Web site: http://encarta.msn.com
Public Affairs. (2009). Retrieved September 27, 2009, from University of Oklahoma Web site:
http://www.ou.edu/publicaffairs.html
Tao de Ching is one of the most influential and important philosophical texts in human history. Attributed to Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu between 500 and 400 BCE, the teachings contained within the Tao de Ching have become collectively known as Taoism. The term "tao" or "dao" is usually translated straightforwardly as "the way," but the entire title of the text Tao de Ching may refer to a cluster of concepts including "the way of integrity" (Walter 1) or the "way and its power," ("Lao Tzu: The Father of Taoism," 1). Knierim points out that the term "ching" means scripture, and the term "te" means both strength and virtue. Thus, Tao de Ching does refer to a scriptural text about the way or path of strength and virtue. The Tao de Ching is not a narrative text, but a prescriptive one written as short verses containing wisdom quips and advice for…
At the same time, the Japanese parent will likely encourage the child's freedom, especially in the early stages of life, while the American parent will tend to correct from early stages of development any misbehavior or errors. With the relationship mother-child, the Japanese mother will tend to emphasize less the development of the communication side for the child and will prefer a more symbiotic relationship (Ibid. page 71).
4. A family can best be defined through some of the main characteristics it has. However, one should also known that there are some general characteristics that everyone accepts as to what a family is and several others that are only accepted by groups of individuals as to what the family is. As such, both aspects need to be taken into consideration and discussed.
First of all, the family is judged to be the fundamental unity cell of society. From this perspective,…
Bibliography
1. Roopnarine, Jaipaul. Gielen, Uwe. 2005. Families in Global Perspective. Pearson.
2. Ehrenreich, Barbara, Hochschild, Arlie Russell. 2002. Global Woman. Henry Holt and Company
Project Management
Context Elements
The case study that is to be reviewed in the response below centers on John Parker and how he had to revolutionize the project management framework and ensuing performance at AG Edwards starting in Fall 2001. Parker was given the dire nature of the situation up front and it was noted that there was a mission-critical upgrade that was about to commence that could not go south as it would deliver a potential death-blow to AG Edwards. As the case study subject states, failure was not an option for Mr. Parker. Parker discovered that while the project management frameworks were already present, there was an absence of coherent, cohesive and effective leadership and Parker had to go about changing that.
Initial Situation
As is noted in the prior section, leadership was a big problem with the projects at AG Edwards. Projects were ran using the PMI…
Positive Behavior
Context and Literature
May's experience in the classroom is not unique. Many teachers find that they spend an inordinate amount of time working on behavioral difficulties as opposed to actually teaching material. May was fortunate that she was in a school in which the administration was supportive of both inquiry-based research and the use of literature to help mitigate situations and grow as a teacher. The particular advantage May had using outside literature was a combination of alternative point-of-view and experience. May would not have the time or resources to go through the types of research, data collection and analysis, and number of students that others have already done. She is also able to glean additional insights from others who have tried and succeeded, and tried and failed, with techniques. Often, too, reading other materials spurs ideas that one can pick and choose -- this works for my…
Marx Historical Context
Classical sociological and economic theories like those of Karl Marx emerged in Western Europe when it was experiencing the Enlightenment, the emergence of scientific method, a growing sense of individual autonomy over one's life conditions, the emergence of private property, urban growth, and a total shattering of the social balance of relations among peoples that had been in place for centuries if not millennia. Christianity and other traditional religions were being undermined by the new developments in science and technology, while urban, industrial capitalism was breaking up the old feudal-agrarian order in Europe and the Americas. All the founders of modern sociology had to deal with this radically new society, and attempted to describe its historical origins, the new social and economic problems of industrial capitalism, and how governments and societies should deal with them. Karl Marx received his PhD in economics in Germany during the dawn…
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Appelrouth, S. And L.D. Edles (2010). Sociological Theory in the Classical Era: Text and Readings, 2nd Edition. SAGE Publications.
Greene, J.C. "Biological and Social Theory in the Nineteenth Century: August Comte and Herbert Spencer" in John Offer (ed). Herbert Spencer: Critical Assessments of Leading Sociologists, Volume 2. Routledge, 2000, pp. 203-26.
Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels. The Manifesto of the Communist Party. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1969.
http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/
High Context And Low Context Cultures
High-context cultures are the type of cultures where their rules of communication are transmitted through the elements such as body language, the tone of voice and person's status. (Guffey, 2009). Contrarily, low context cultures communicate information through rules and languages, which are explicitly spelled out. However, no culture is entirely low context or high context, nevertheless, cultures contain some elements of low context and high context. In the United States, low context cultures are predominant in the American culture, however, family gathering tends to be characterized with high culture context.
The objective of this study is to compare and contrast high culture context and low culture context in term of verbal communication and individualism and collectivism.
High Culture Context vs. Low Culture Context with eference to Verbal Communication
One of the fundamental features of high culture context is its low level of verbal communication…
Reference
Guffey, M. E. (2009). Essentials of Business Communication. South-Western/ Cengage Learning.
Mesquita, B.(2001). Emotions in Collectivist and Individualist Contexts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001, 80 (1): 68-74.
Samovar, L. A. & Richard E. (2004). Porter. Communication Between Cultures. 5th Ed. Thompson and Wadsworth.
But every nation and culture will have a variety of both low and high context situations, and some nations have a greater number of low context relationships and situations than high context relationships and situations.
For example, in generally high context societies like Japan, a student might not raise his or her hand to correct even a favorite teacher, out of respect for the older person who has authority. In many schools across the United States, a student would think nothing of challenging an adult authority figure because it is more important that the correct information is conveyed to the class. This article offers a helpful reminder about the fact that there is no such thing as a 'good communications style' that is applicable to all contexts. It depends on the expectations of the people you are dealing with, the situational context, and your cultural expectations. In today's changing society,…
Works Cited
Beer, Jennifer E. "High and Low Context." Culture at Work. 1997. 30 Apr 2007. http://www.culture-at-work.com/highlow.html
Philosophy Crime Punishment Shifted
Social Context and the Justification of Punishment
Punishment is an authoritative exercise aimed to impose a negative or unwanted response to a behavior considered wrong or unjust by an individual or group. Philosophies surrounding crime and their punishment have changed between centuries, and even decades, to reflect the societies in which they occur. The legal mandate of punishment enforces a source of pain or deprivation to place suffering on the convicted individual, and is an action not morally matched by all citizens. The justification of punishment shares a unique relationship with social context, particularly in the legal sense. Over the course of history, society's beliefs about crime have translated into specific policies. This is exemplified by the present "get tough on crime" belief that has weaved its way into punishment policies in modern correctional systems. Although not all citizens within a specific society may not share…
References
Currie, E. (1998). Crime and punishment in America. New York, NY: Henry Hold and Company, LLC.
Garland, D. (1993). Punishment and modern society: a study in social theory. Chicago:
Lynch, J, & Sabol, W. (1997). Did getting tough on crime pay?. Crime Policy Report, 1.
Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/publications/307337.html
High and Low Context Communication
In low and high context cultures, the style of communication is regulated by the proximity of bonding between societal members, powerful behavioral norms, and degree of social hierarchy structuring. In high context communication, the information is typically embedded with internal meaning; hence, everything is not articulated in speech or writing clearly. The recipient of information is supposed to look for implied meaning in the message communicated, and grasp the unsaid part of the message, using their background knowledge. Hall (1976, 91), emphasizes such percept stating that high-context messages/communication are characterized by a majority of information being internalized in whichever individual receives the message or being present in the physical form of the communication -- the coded, transmitted, or clearly-stated message components contain very little information.
esearch objective
This paper's aim is critically analyzing low/high context communication taking place between an individual whose native tongue is…
References
Adler, N. S. (1997). International dimensions of organizational behaviour. Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishing.
Hall, E. (1976). Beyond culture. New York: Doubleday.
Holliday, A., Hyde, M. and Kullman, J. (2010). Intercultural Communication. An advanced resource book for students. New York: Routledge.
Varnum, M.E.W., Grossman, I., Kitayama, S. & Nisbett, R.E. (2010), The origin of cultural differences in cognition: The social orientation hypothesis. Psychological Science, 19, 9-13.
school context' as discussed in the oyd reference
Schools represent complex organisms having several components. For achieving school improvement, understanding these components' interrelations is essential. Attempts at improving schooling for the at-risk student population necessitate taking the school context into consideration. oyd (n.d.) states that the ecology, which forms the first aspect, encompasses a school's inorganic components (i.e., non-living things that affect individuals within the school setting; e.g., resources at hand, school size, rules, and policies).
Culture constitutes another aspect of a school setting/context. It may be described as an expression aiming to capture social institutions' (including schools') informal side. Schein (1985) outlines numerous culture-related meanings apparent in literature on the subject:
• Perceived behavior regularities in human interactions, including language employed and practices linked to deportment and respect.
• Norms developing within work groups; for instance, the principle "fair day's wage for a fair day's work" developed during the…
Bibliography
Boyd, V. (n.d.). School context: Bridge or barrier to change? Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Retrieved December 2016 from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED370216.pdf
Purkey, S.C. & Smith, M.S. (1983). Effective schools: A review. The Elementary School Journal, 83(4), pp. 427-452.
Schein, E.H. (1985). Organizational culture and leadership. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Sarason, S.B. (1982). Culture of the school and the problem of change, 2nd edition. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Organizational Leadership and Performance
The environment in which leaders of today operate is increasingly global. It is important to note, from the onset, that today's globalized environment significantly differs from the environment business operated in a couple of decades ago. In addition to being fast-paced, today's business environment is also more competitive and complex. The demands of the current era have meant that leaders of today must embrace new leadership approaches -- different from those applied by their predecessors two or three decades ago.
The Need to Appreciate Diversity
Today, every leader, as Daft (2014, p. 326) points out, "needs to understand the complexity of diversity issues, learn to create an inclusive culture, and support the development of minorities…" Unlike was the case a few decades ago, today's leaders are expected to lead teams of individuals, all of whom come from diverse backgrounds, ethnic roots, and have different motivations. It…
References
Adair, J. (2009). Leadership and Motivation: The Fifty-Fifty Rule and the Eight Key Principles of Motivating Others. Philadelphia, PA: Kogan Page Publishers.
Bell, A. (2011). Great Leadership: What it is and What it Takes in a Complex World. Mountain View, CA: Davies-Black Publishing.
Cancialosi, C. (2014). Today's Leaders Must Learn to Thrive in Disequilibrium. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/chriscancialosi/2014/07/28/todays-leaders-must-learn-to-thrive-in-disequilibrium/
Daft, R. (2014). The Leadership Experience (6th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning
Thus, in differentiating between items like electric chairs and thrones, context is rather important. This is not only for reasons of significance, but because when an electric chair or throne is recognized, the fact that it is a chair is not the predominate feature of either or these objects. While a person asked to identify them with a series of multiple choice answers would answer "chair" rather than "boat" or "car," a person asked to identify them without such answers would surely not give the bland designation, "chair" to either of these important objects. Furthermore, if either of these objects were out of context -- such as an electric chair in a throne room ore a throne on death row -- one may, indeed, have trouble identifying them, certainly as what they are but perhaps even as "chairs."
eferences
obinson-iegler, G. & obinson-iegler, B. (2008). Psychology: Applying the Sicence
of…
References
Robinson-Riegler, G. & Robinson-Riegler, B. (2008). Psychology: Applying the Sicence
of the Mind. Second Edition. New Jersey: Pearson.
The next most important component of developing a successful coaching method includes addressing overcoming children's natural and plaguing negative reactions and behaviors towards developed exercises and coaching methods. Each individual should be thoroughly introduced to each type of standardized negative reaction which that individual may face in a real life application of the skills learned in this designed course. The first and worst negative behavior would be that of a child monopolizing the practice and/or game and one-upping fellow team mates in order to suit his or her own selfish needs to be better than the rest of the team. This should be the ultimate negative behavior each future coach should focus on based on the negative impact it has on the rest of the team. When an individual child exhibits this type of negative behavior, the coach should immediately address it in front of the other players as to…
References
Silberman, Mel. (1998). Active Training: A Hanbook of Techniques, Designs, Case Examples, and Tips. 2nd ed. Pfeiffer Publishing.
Reflexivity within the context of research requires the researcher to critically reflect and examine the influence that the researcher's history, values, culture, and perspectives bring to the current research project. This process involves the researcher becoming consciously aware of biases, opinions, and beliefs they may have that could influence the collection, interpretation, and presentation of data in a study, especially in the context of qualitative research. Reflexivity also involves exploration of researcher's voice. The voice of a researcher must also be carefully and consciously examined as it is important for maintain consistency throughout a study. Researcher's voice especially becomes apparent in the data interpretations sections of qualitative studies, due to the subjective nature of analysis within these contexts.
In regards to the exploration involved in reflexivity, the researcher may start by looking at experiences they may have had in the past that resulted in the pursuit of this particular research…
2. Leadership analysis of the two former Arab leaders
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Alnahyan and Saddam Hussein were two great Arab leaders that significantly influenced the Arab world, but there is very little resemblance in their leadership styles. As a manner of manifestation, the two had very distinct leadership styles, although their objective was somewhat common: the prosperity and unity of the Arab world.
2.1. General leadership analysis
The two Arab leaders had similar objectives, the unification of the Arab world, but different leadership styles, almost opposite.
Saddam Hussein exerted an autocratic leadership style that consisted in the strict surveillance of his subordinates, informational flows directed mostly up-down, inspiring fear to his subordinates, using fear as a way of control.
In opposition, Sheikh Zayed exerted a democratic leadership style, having as most main traits: sociability, flexibility, cooperation, communication, open spirit and friendly environment. The democratic leadership style is the most…
Reference List
Saddam Hussein (2007). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved March 25, 2007 at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein#Secular_leadership .
DuBrin, Andrew J. (2005). Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Fifth Edition. Chapter 1: The Nature and Importance of Leadership. Retrieved March 25, 2007 at http://college.hmco.com/business/dubrin/leadership/5e/chapters/chapter1.html.
DuBrin, Andrew J. (2005). Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Fifth Edition. Chapter 2: Traits, Motives, and Characteristics of Leaders. Retrieved March 25, 2007 at http://college.hmco.com/business/dubrin/leadership/5e/chapters/chapter2.html.
DuBrin, Andrew J. (2005). Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Fifth Edition. Chapter 7: Power, Politics, and Leadership. Retrieved March 25, 2007 at http://college.hmco.com/business/dubrin/leadership/5e/chapters/chapter7.html.
acial and Ethnic Differences National Contexts
A sociologist analyze racial ethnic differences national contexts. For, U.S., tend race a . In order develop skill, select analyze a society demonstrating ethnic stratification conflict, including evidence prejudice discrimination.
In sociology, the predominant line of thought has favored new prejudice interpretations, arguing for the continuing relevance of prejudice and discrimination in forming political opinions and in generating discrimination. New prejudice theories have argued that modern prejudice is multidimensional, combining racial and ostensibly nonracial beliefs. Little known to most sociologists, recent psychological research provides a new approach to understanding the sources of racial discrimination that compliments ideas from the new prejudice literature (Livingston, 2002).
esearch has demonstrated that implicit racial attitudes exist even for individuals who score low on measures of explicit racial prejudice and that these implicit beliefs influence judgments and perceptions. This literature provides one way to reconcile differences between continuing high…
References
Brockner, J., & Wiesenfeld, B. (2000). An integrative framework for explaining reactions to decisions: Interactive effects of outcomes and procedures. Psychological Bulletin, 120(1), 189-208.
Census Bureau U.S. (2001). (2001). The Hispanic population: 1990-2000 growth and change., . Washington DC:: Guzmin.
Feather, N.T. (2002). Values and value dilemmas in relation to judgments concerning outcomes of an industrial conflict. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,, 28(2), 446-459.
Issacharoff, S., Karlan, P.S., & Pildes, R.H. (2002). The law of democracy: Legal structure of the political process (Rev. 2nd ed.). . New York: Foundation Press.
Data was collected and analyzed as these study and focus group discussions took place (Thomas, Fried, Johnson, and Stilwell, 2010). The data was also compiled and sent to many different human resource offices and operations in order to gain unique insight from all corners of the world. These compilations of conversations helped to identify the contributing factors to rural clinic success in the 49 different countries while, at the same time, offering up examples and ideas for how improvements could be made.
The conclusions were relatively different among each country or population that was analyzed, depending on the specificities of the rural areas in question. Overall, the case study concluded that more effective, accurate communication coupled with greater expertise and skills competencies were able to overcome the lack of physical and medical resources in nearly every situation (Thomas, Fried, Johnson, and Stilwell, 2010). This is to say that healthcare professionals…
Works Cited
Salkind, Neil J. (2003). Exploring Research. Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Thomas, Annamma; Fried, Grace P.; Johnson, Peter; and Stilwell, Barbara J. (2010). "Sharing
best practices through online communities of practice: a case study." Human Resources for Health. Vol. 8, No. 25. Pp. 19-28.
4.Defined institutional and personal context for the program.
The proposed program is an endeavor to create a federally recognized, federally-funded adult literacy program. The program will also create and maintain literacy standards and objectives, with a core part of the program being devoted to application. One of the main objectives of any adult literacy program is to help stimulate personal growth and development. Moreover, an adult literacy program like this one will aim to stimulate job creation and boost local economies. Individuals participating in the program will be shown not only the mechanics of literacy but how those skills can increase their career flexibility and allow them to compete for jobs in an increasingly competitive global market.
5.Describe the target population: age, grade, reading level, attention span, occupation, previous work experience, motivation level, health, interests, socio-economic status, attitudes toward school or work, previous performance levels, language, ethnic/cultural background, gender.
The…
References
Georgia Department of Technical and Adult Education. Office of Adult Literacy. Retrieved Feb 5, 2009 at http://www.dtae.org/adultlit/menu.html
National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Retrieved Feb 5, 2009 at http://nces.ed.gov/naal/
Portland State University. Adult Literacy Estimates. Retrieved Feb 5, 2009 from https://www.casas.org/lit/litcode/Results.CFM
SIL. "Issues in Literacy." Retrieved Feb 5, 2009 at http://www.sil.org/literacy/issues.htm
Toyota's Financial eporting: Contexts And ecommendations
Measurement Models and Conceptual Framework
The basic conceptual framework behind the IASB and the accounting standards and recommendations made by this group is very straightforward. The standards are meant to create greater transparency, accuracy, and efficacy in financial reporting, which itself has the goal of providing useful information about the reporting entity's capacity as a capital provider -- to investors, creditors, etc. (Walton, 2011; Ernst & Young, 2008). On more far-reaching level, the conceptual framework of the IASB and its issued standards is built on the premise that consistency in accounting leads to more effective decision making when it comes to capital, which leads to a more productive and efficient economy (Walton, 2011). There are many specific ways in which consistency and transparency are encouraged through various measurement models set in this framework.
evenue recognition is one specific area of accounting and financial reporting…
References
Environmental Report. (2011). Examples of Kaizen Initiatives in Japan.
Ernst & Young. (2008). International GAAP 2008. New York: Wiley.
Toyota. (2011). Annual Report.
Toyota. (2011a). Consolidated financial reports.
Basically, Charles had accidentally rolled backwards at the edge of a parking area outside a fraternity at another college. His open-topped Jeep slid a few feet backwards down a steep wooded hill in the black of night and came to rest on loose rocks and soil at a very steep upward angle. The hill was so steep that it would have been impossible to release the brake to engage the clutch without sliding backwards down a rocky mountainous hill. n fact, the hill was too steep for the emergency brake to hold the vehicle in place alone. t took a few second for Charles to get the attention of three friends in the backseat, but he managed to tell them they had to get out of the Jeep calmly and only from the sides and not the back. Then he told the girl in the passenger seat that he needed…
Illustrated Meaning -- Lacerated
One look at the results of Clint Malarchuk's lacerated jugular vein by a skate blade was enough to convince him that he no longer wanted to play that position at all. Luckily, Malarchuk was saved by excellent emergency care.
http://www.thehockeyblog.com/thehockeyblog/wp-content/files/Clint%20Malarchuk.jpg
As one commentator notes; "What this adds up to is, in my view, a significant shift in the balance of work and family life. oles are changing, the nature of care is changing, and the stress related to juggling the balance is increasing (Edgar, 1997, p. 149)
A number of statistics also help to outline the nature of the family structure in a developed economy like Australia. In terms of workforce participation, the figures are as follows: "….86% for fathers and 56% for mothers in two-parent families, and 65% for male and 43% for female sole parents"(Edgar, 1997, p.151). This is also indicative of a shift in the role of the female as solely a homemaker. "In 1993, 53% of couples with dependent children were both employed & #8230;" (Edgar, 1997, p. 151). Therefore, there are still imbalances and disparities in terms of the family structure and this is a…
References
Anderson, G.L. (Ed.). (1997). The Family in Global Transition. St. Paul, MN: Professors
World Peace Academy. Retrieved October 1, 2009, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59215755
Baile, S. (1990). Women and Health in Developing Countries. OECD Observer, a (161),
18-20. Retrieved October 1, 2009, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98938035
Customer, Company, Context, Collaborators, Competitors
The overall financing strategy of this beauty center is to provide a wide variety of services at a high volume, at a relatively low cost to the subscription-paying customer. It will target a mid-market, highly trend-conscious consumer who is interested in her appearance and values this aspect of her life enough to seek out regular beauty treatments as part of her lifestyle. Low-income consumers are unlikely to regularly patronize beauty salons for the variety of treatments offered by the company, while high-end consumers will not be as cost-driven as this company's business model suggests. The branding of the business stresses its convenience and cost as much as the actual services, and deemphasizes that personalized attention and relaxation aspect of beauty treatments. Thus a more professional, younger, and slightly less affluent demographic will be emphasized. Women unable to afford spa services previously are likely to be…
"Amy or Annie" is the symbol of integrity, a child who had won Eddie's affection and managed to bring in him his care for other people.
In sum, Mitch Albom's "The five people you meet in heaven" is an effective illustration of the life of Eddie, an 83-year-old man who, through a vision of "heaven" on earth, received self-actualization/integrity as he approached the end of his life on earth. Interestingly, Albom uses "heaven" in a figurative sense in order to extend the important message of the novel to his readers: "heaven" is but a supernatural concept that actually exists anytime, anywhere in this world. Enlightened people who realize this truth about heaven, like Eddie, achieve self-actualization/integrity in life. Moreover, Albom wants his readers to realize that the path towards self-actualization/integrity does not end at death; rather, it is dynamic or ever-changing and continuous, and it is only in achieving a…
Bibliography
Albom, M. (2003). The five people you meet in heaven. NY: Hyperion.
Santrock, J. (2004). Life-span development. NY:McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Employees are being rewarded for their honesty, and managers continue to encourage communication between supervisors and subordinates. Management is also looking for ways to encourage employees to tell the truth about other employees who may be involved in something dishonest or illegal (Jones, 1982). Not all employees will take advantage of this, of course, because some still believe that they will face punishment for being a 'whistle-blower', but there are laws in place now to protect the rights of employees who blow the whistle on other employees or their employers.
Employee rights have become increasing important over the last 20 years, and this is another area in which Enron had difficulties. Those people who advocate employee rights make two different arguments. The first argument is that tougher laws and regulations are needed to ensure that employees get the rights that they deserve. It cannot be left up to the companies…
References
Bernstein, S. (2000). "Shell in Nigeria." Business Students Focus on Ethics. Eds. Ryan, Leo V., Wojciech W. Gasparski, & Georges Enderle. New Jersey: Transaction Publishers.
Donaldson, T. & Gini, a.R. (1984). Case Studies in Business Ethics. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Garrett, T.M., and Klonoski, R.J. (1986). Business Ethics 2nd ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Goodpaster, K.E. (1984). Ethics in Management. Boston: Harvard Business School.
human intelligence in the context of the Developing Expertise Model. The author argues that the conventional view of what intelligence is and how it can be measured is incorrect. He puts forth an alternative perspective which views intelligence as a developing expertise and intelligence tests as measuring a limited aspect of developing expertise. The author concludes by stating that intelligence-related phenomena can be better understood using this new model.
Traditionally, intelligence has been viewed as a relatively stable attribute developed through an interaction between heredity and environment. Intelligence tests measure a variety of skills such as vocabulary, reading comprehension, an arithmetic problem solving. Furthermore, these test results are believed to predict one's future success. In contrast, developing expertise is defined as "an ongoing process of the acquisition and consolidation of a set of skills needed for a high level of mastery in one or more domains of life performance" (Sternberg,…
b.
The marketing of relations is generically applied to improve the nature of the relationship between the vendor and the prospective buyer. It can however be applied to improve the relations with various other categories of stakeholders. Take for instance the case of the American Airlines. Consider a media campaign constructed on the premises of relations marketing. This could materialize in service advertisements capturing the attention of the public (namely the prospective buyers), with the ultimate aim of profit registration. Another angle at looking at a relations management campaign is that of promoting the very organization as a great place to work, and as such attract more and better skilled staff members, but also promoting the enterprise as a financially strong and stable entity, attracting as such more investors.
In terms of a fully integrated customer relationship management system, this virtually refers to the fact that the constant attention to…
d., pg. 67). Thus, the definition of the British family is almost wholly contained within a woman's decision. Women who have children and enter the workforce create new trends in British family life, such as the fact that children are cared for primarily by professionals working in the home, at nursery schools, or grandparents (Kathleen, n.d., "Family Life," 2009). The redefining of family relationships to give equality to both the husband and wife and the problem of finding childcare while both parents work is a result of women's entry into the workforce and modern conceptions of family life.
While these characteristics apply to the primary types of families in the United Kingdom, it is important to recognize that this state is diverse in terms of ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, religion, etc. Cloud (2008) discusses the difficulties in conducting research for one often not-discussed portion of society -- homosexuals. Cloud (2008)…
References
Cline, A. (2009). Sudan: Women and Family. Retrieved July, 18, 2009, from http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/islam/countries/bl_SudanWomen.htm
Cloud, J. (2008, January 17). Are Gay Relationships Different? Retrieved July 18, 2009,
from http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1704660-2,00.html
"Family Life in the United States and United Kingdom." Retrieved July 18, 2009, from http://articles.famouswhy.com/family_life_in_united_states_and_united_kingdom
Provide sustained technical assistance (Expert Panel Meeting: Health Information Technology: Meeting Summary, 2003)
Evaluation of the process in rural and small communities includes: (1) scope of the project; (2) goals; (3) critical success factors; and (4) technical assistance." (Expert Panel Meeting: Health Information Technology: Meeting Summary, 2003) Community grants have been focused on the provision of 'personal digital assistant (PDA) systems in assisting with the decision support role. The initiative is stated to include: (1) development of toolkits; (2) leveraging known tools; (3) developing capacity; and (4) disseminating best practices. (Expert Panel Meeting: Health Information Technology: Meeting Summary, 2003)
Ormond, Wallin, and Goldenson report in the work entitled: "Supporting the Rural Health Care Safety Net" (2000) state: "The policy - and market-driven changes in the health care sector taking place across country are not confined to metropolitan areas. Rural communities are experiencing changes impelled by many of the same forces…
Bibliography
Healthcare and Healthcare Insurance Country Report: India (2004) Tata Consultancy Services and Microsoft. WebHealthCentre.com. 2004 August. Online available at http://download.microsoft.com/documents/customerevidence/7144_WebHealth_CS.doc
Expert Panel Meeting: Health Information Technology (2003) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) 23-24 July 2003. Online available at http://www.ahrq.gov/data/hitmeet.htm
Silberman, P. And Slifkin, R. (nd) Innovative Primary Case Management Programs Operating in Rural Communities: Case Studies of Three States. Working Paper No. 76 North Carolina Rural Health Research and Policy Analysis Program.
Ormond, Barbara a.; Wallin, Susan Wall; and Goldenson, Susan M. (2000) Supporting the Rural Health Care Net. 15 May 2000 Urban Institute
Marketing context, problem recognition is having an awareness of need. The marketer needs to understand the difference between the desired state and the actual condition. This is the first stage of the consumer buying process (No author, 2012). Consumer needs are determined by a variety of influences. The situational influences include time and place in which the consumer is. Consumer influences include the consumer's preferences, available money and the level of need or desire at a given moment in time. The marketing influences are the awareness that the consumer has of different product/service options, and the feeling that the consumer has about those products/services.
Hunter (2012) outlines five types of shoppers. Loyal customers are the biggest customer group for most businesses. They do not need to be attracted to the product, but can be induced to purchase more, or more frequently. Discount customers tend to purchase the product/service only when…
Works Cited:
BSI. (2011). Balanced scorecard basics. Balanced Scorecard Institute. Retrieved February 16, 2012 from http://www.balancedscorecard.org/BSCResources/AbouttheBalancedScorecard/tabid/55/Default.aspx
FTC. (2012). CAN-SPAM Act: A compliance guide for business. Bureau of Consumer Protection. Retrieved February 16, 2012 from http://business.ftc.gov/documents/bus61-can-spam-act-compliance-guide-business
Hunter, M. (2012). The five types of shoppers. Business Know How. Retrieved February 16, 2012 from http://www.businessknowhow.com/marketing/shoppertypes.htm
Law, G. & Lee, S. (1999). Consumers' trust in a brand and the link to brandy loyalty. Journal of Market Focused Management. Vol. 4 (1999) 341-370.
teamwork in a business context is based upon communication and cooperation. These principles also apply to an educational environment. It is critical that all members of the team make a consistent and determined effort to participate. Consistency is very important. Students in an online environment must communicate regularly, in both a synchronous and asynchronous format. Email, chat rooms, and message boards all enable team members to keep in constant contact. Communication also facilitates adhering to deadlines for long and short-term goals, another critical component of teamwork. All teams must have a sense of mission and purpose. Communication enables the team to generate rules for interactions that must be obeyed, to ensure that members are treated with respect, that members 'pull their weight' and do not have their areas of authority trampled on, and basic rules of civic discourse are obeyed.
One problem with using synchronous communication, however, is that team…
political contexts, both Presidents Bush and Clinton entered contentious budget negotiations with a Congress controlled by the opposition party in 1990 and 1995 respectively; however, each president experienced a different outcome. In Bush's case, he had to deal with both the Savings and Loan Crisis and a $2.8b debt -- the largest in the nation's history. Further, Bush entered negations hamstrung by a campaign pledge not to raise taxes on the American people. After a brief government shut-down, President Bush and Congress reached an agreement found in the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, an act where not only government spending was cut, but also where Bush had to violate his campaign pledge and raise taxes. In President Clinton's case, he had to deal with the first full Republican Congress in forty years -- a congress which would demand a balanced budget where Clinton's budget projected a nearly $190b deficit…
Communication within the context of management, my advice would rely primarily on teamwork. By relying solely on his secretary to conduct his communication, the student is not developing the necessary skills to become a successful manager. Management is predicated on effective communication. In many instances, the most effective leaders are in turn, the best communicators. Managers in particular must be able to articulate a compelling value proposition for their respective teams in order to achieve superior results. In order to inspire, communication skills must subsequently be developed. By simply delegating this task to his secretary, the management student is foregoing his own personal growth and leadership development (Kleiman, 2010).
Written communication in particular is especially important as the world's economies become more interrelated. In many instances, mangers are not subject to the geographical constraints that they were in the past. This provides better efficiencies in regards to communications as tools…
Reference:
1. Manfred F.R. Kets de Vries The Dark Side of Leadership - Business Strategy Review 14(3), Autumn Page 26 (2003).
2. Kleiman, Lawrence S. "Management and Executive Development." Reference for Business: Encyclopedia of Business (2010): n. pag. Web. 25 Mar 2011.
3. Lesikar, R.V., Flatley, M.E., & Rentz, K. (2008). Business communication: Making
connections in a digital world (11th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.)
Credible Sources
In the context of online research and analysis, it is important to determine the credibility of sources whether they are scholarly or not. This is especially important when research is compiled and synthesized into new studies or academic, scholarly, or philosophic proposals or insights. It is important to recognize the validity of sources, especially when so many online sources and sites claim to be able to provide insight, and sometimes complete assignments, into ongoing discussions among students and professors at an undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral level.
One of the sites most frequently cited for a lack of credibility is Wikipedia.org. While Wikipedia may attract students due to its ease of use and the information contained on the site, it is often not considered a credible source due to its aggregate nature and because many of its entries are written, edited, and submitted by its users. While many educators…
Bibliography
***** (n.d.). Accessed 21 July 2013, from http://*****/.
Chesney, T. (November 2006). An empirical examination of Wikipedia's credibility.
First Monday, volume 11, number 11. Accessed 21 July 2013, from http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue11_11/chesney/index.html
Spiro, L. (2008, Sept 1). Is Wikipedia becoming a reliable source? Digital Scholarship in the Humanities: Exploring the Digital Humanities. Accessed 21 July 2013, from http://digitalscholarship.wordpress.com/2008/09/01/is-wikipedia-becoming-a-respectable-academic-source/
OE Vietnam
Within the context of war fighting, the idea of limited war and the rules of engagement within that paradigm can often conflict if not counter act each other. The purpose of this essay is to correlate the understanding the rules of engagement (OE) with limited war ideology as seen through the perspective and experiences of different levels of the chain of command.
Individual Soldiers
The Vietnam War was mosty a guerilla style war fought between young and aggressive soldiers on all sides of the conflict. For soldiers at this level, all war is total war. The perspective of the individual soldier transcends mission and war objectives and resides mostly in the survival mode of living, escaping death or capture.
Battalion Commander
As one progresses higher upon the chain of command, the Battalion Commander begins to participate in the more strategic aspects of the conflict. Even though this medium…
References
Dallas, C. (1988). Vietnam War: Reassessing the Battles. Soical Politics, 3, 1988. Retrieved from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~tpilscAirOps/cas-roe.html
Hasty, H. (1999). How Leaders Can Understand Their Role In Conflict. Journal Of Warfighting and Social Control, March 199. 5, 22.
Robinson, Q. (2005). Evolution of the Army Officer Since Vietnam. Planning Politics and Outcomes, 4 April 2005. Retrieved from httpppac.com/alternative/2013/05/the-25-rules- of-officer roles-2667984.html
Abolitionism
Within the context of American history, abolitionism refers to the movement to end slavery. Slavery persisted until 1864, when the Civil War ended and President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation was followed by a series of Constitutional Amendments, revealing the extensive impact the movement had on contemporary American life (Walters, 1984). Brown (2006) notes that the American abolitionist movement had an even broader and more global effect because it influenced British domestic policy regarding the morality of slavery. Whereas slavery was primarily viewed for its economic benefits in the United States, slavery lacked this core dimension in the Old World and thus it became easier to promote abolitionism there from a purely moral standpoint (Brown, 2006). In the United States, it would require a bloody Civil War and the imposition of enlightened moral values on the bigoted South. Although abolitionism did make substantial and measurable progress…
References
Brown, C.L. (2006). Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism. UNC Press.
The Project to End Human Trafficking (2013). Website retrieved: http://www.endhumantrafficking.org/
Walters, R.G. (1984). The Antislavery Appeal: American Abolitionism After 1830. New York: Norton.
Art in Cultural Context
Cybele is an ancient figure who represented the mother goddess and in her was granted the ability to create and populate the world according to her desires. She was both the most powerful of the gods and also an amalgamation of the most powerful of the goddesses. In both Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome, cults which worshipped Cybele were established and elaborate temples were constructed in her honor which lasted throughout centuries. The woman was not just another goddess in the pantheon of deities established by the ancient empires, but was a uniquely powerful entity that people would worship and pray to in times of difficulty and suffering. She had within her the powers of many of the goddesses, including the Earth goddess Gaia, the Minoan goddess Rhea, and the goddess of the harvest Demeter, taking the role of each of these mythological mothers. So strong…
Works Cited:
British Archaeology (2003). Dish fit for the gods. Retrieved from http://www.staffsmetaldetectors.co.uk/staffs_moorlands_patera.htm
Metropolitan Museum of Art (1943). Bronze Cybele. The Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum
of Art: Volume 1. New York, NY. 145-46.
Roman myth, religion, and the afterlife. (2011). 73-125.
Strategic Context of Sub-Saharan Africa
In response to the political administration of United States, interest in Africa changes. It is either decreased or increased. Cuba, China, France and Soviet Union are among those countries that have been influences for decades by the African continent which had pulled attraction of many towards itself. Africa has also been assisted by an economically powerful country i.e. United States. This continent had been able to gather a large number of consumers that were around 600 million. But this potential for the economic investment and growth was slowed down because of the instability. Another reason for this was the increase in the rate of migration (AEC, 2010).
Because of the foreign policy, Africa and United States were not able to maintain a close relationship as cold war came to an end. The strategy that had been used by United States was to make efforts to…
References
AERC (African Economic Research Consortium) (2010), Proceedings from the Conference on Africa-China Relations, Hilton Hotel, Addis Ababa, 28-30 September.
African Union (2010), "African Union Commission-Regional Economic Communities Common Position Paper on EPAs," AU Conference of Ministers of Trade, 6th Ordinary Session, Kigali, 29 October -- 2 November 2010.
AUC (2006), The Review of Millennium Development Goals and the Millennium Declaration: An African Common Position, African Union Commission, Addis Ababa.
Cumbo, J.E. (2003) U.S. Foreign Policy towards Africa. U.S. Army War College: Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania.
Management Performance Within Elderly Care Homes in Gibraltar
The elderly nursing community in Gibraltar is dispersed and characterized by different institution specific challenges and particularities. The current project assesses the general level of leadership competencies within three pre-selected institutions, the management performance assessments of employees, the basic leadership skills required and formulates a series of recommendations as to how these competencies could be obtained. The approach is predominantly a quantitative one, combining various research methods, such as the questionnaire, the case study and structured interviews.
With the aging of the population, more pressure is placed on the health care system throughout the world, and Gibraltar is no exception. As 15.41 per cent of its population is aged over 65 years (Website of the Central Intelligence Agency, 2015), a question arises regarding the country's ability to provide adequate care for its aging population. In this sense then, the current project sets…
References
Arras, John, D. (1995). Bringing the Hospital Home. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.
Barker, A.M., Sullivan, D.T., Emery, M.J., (2006) Leadership competencies for clinical managers: the Renaissance of transformational leadership, Jones & Bartlett Learning
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Booyens, S.W., (1998) Dimensions of nursing management, Juta and Company Ltd.
marketing of a Singaporean product: by carrying out a secondary search about the company that manufactures the product or provides the service, a review of the marketing of that product is presented. The paper covers the following areas: Introduction, in which the dissertation if briefly introduced, the product or service is also introduced, and the objectives that are intended to be achieved in the paper are highlighted; Literature review, in which a review of the literature available on the company and its products/services are discussed. Next, the main body of the paper covers the following marketing aspects of the company: Company background; The marketing of its products/services; Segmentation of its markets; The Target Customers; The Product/Service Offering; The Marketing Strategies of the Company; The Marketing Program of the Company; The Strengths of its Marketing; The Weaknesses of its Marketing; Recommendations; Conclusions.
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to analyze…
Bibliography
Harvard Business Review (2002), Harvard Business Review on Marketing, Harvard University Press.
Hiam, A. (2000), Marketing kit for dummies, For Dummies Press.
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Kotler, P. (2000), Kotler on marketing: how to create, win and dominate markets, Free Press.
The fourth element is the company's currency policy. Crocs has some limited operations. The firm began by utilizing technology from a Canadian firm, which was later absorbed into the company. They have undertaken some overseas production, including in Brazil, Mexico, Romania and China. Crocs has indicated that they have aggressive international expansion plans, as evidenced by their applying for patent protections in over 36 countries worldwide (Reeves, 2006).
Crocs sells in over 70 countries, with international expansion beginning in earnest in 2006. After just one year, international sales had increased from $8.2 million in 2005 to $78.4 million in 2006 and accounted for around one-third of the company's total sales (Pierce, 2007). This growth has been facilitated by setting up distribution centers where manufacturing takes place. This tactic -- the operating hedge -- has become the cornerstone of Crocs' foreign currency policy.
The company had, until last year (Blick, 2008),…
Works Cited:
Crocs Inc. Form 10-K for fiscal year ended 2008. Retrieved May 6, 2009 from http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1334036/000104746909002818/a2190961z10-k.htm
Some Crocs Inc. financial information from MSN Moneycentral. Retrieved May 6, 2009 from http://moneycentral.msn.com/companyreport?Symbol=CROX
No author. (2006). Crocs' IPO Takes Off. Denver Business Journal. Retrieved May 6, 2009 from http://denver.bizjournals.com/denver/stories/2006/02/06/daily36.html
Reeves, Scott. (2006). Kick Around this IPO. Forbes. Retrieved May 6, 2009 from http://www.forbes.com/2006/02/02/ipo-footwear-crocs-cx_sr_0203ipooutlook.html
Managing All Stakeholders in the Context of a Merger Process
Review of the Relevant Literature
Types of Mergers
Identifying All Stakeholders in a Given usiness
Strategic Market Factors Driving Merger Activity
Selection Process for Merger Candidates
Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations
The Challenge of Managing All Stakeholders in the Context of a Merger Process
Mergers and acquisitions became central features of organizational life in the last part of the 20th century, particularly as organizations seek to establish and maintain competitiveness in an increasingly globalized economy (Nevaer & Deck, 1996). Mergers are generally described as being the formal joining or combining of two corporations or business (Prichett, 1987), although both the framework and the method of merger vary greatly. The reasons for mergers are different based on what a company is trying to accomplish. The acquiring firm may seek to eliminate a competitor; to increase its efficiency; to diversify its products, services,…
Bibliography
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Knower's Perspective Is Essential In The Pursuit Of Knowledge
People have long been fascinated with researching particular topics they became interested in. This led to different individuals starting to look at the same concept from differing points-of-view. To a certain degree, it would be safe to say that a person's opinion on something is largely based on the respective individual's background. The knower is a person who uses filters when coming across information, as it would be impossible for him or her to start with a "tabula rasa" type of thinking when attempting to assess information. This means that the individual's perspective is likely to differ from one experienced by a person coming from a completely different environment.
Filmmakers, photographers, and artists in general who deal with a topic that has been discussed in the past are perhaps one of the best examples when considering the significance of perspective. Two…
Works cited:
Anderson, S. "Hegel's Theory of Recognition: From Oppression to Ethical Liberal Modernity." (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 Jun 2009)
Leiter, B. "Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Nietzsche on Morality," (Routledge, 2 Sep 2003)
Little, S., & Ray. T. "Managing Knowledge: An Essential Reader." (SAGE, 3 Oct 2005)
Mitcham, C., & Huning, A. "Philosophy and Technology II: Information Technology and Computers in Theory and Practice." (Springer Science & Business Media, 6 Dec 2012)