Digital Media Essays (Examples)

Media as the Linguistic Discourse Analysis Object

esearch in Discourse Analysis - Linguistics

Discourse analysis' focus is noteworthy semiotic events. Discourse analysis aims to understand not only the nature of the semiotic event, but also the socio-psychological traits of the participants of the event. The proposed subject of research is media discourse analysis or media as the linguistic discourse analysis object. Media is highly relevant and almost fundamental to life in the 21st century. There is no doubt that there are social, perceptual, psychological, linguistic, and behavioral affects of technology and media upon users and communities. Objects of discourse analysis vary in their definition of articulated sequences of communication events, speech acts, etc. Media is nothing but a series of coordinated sequences of various communications events operating semiotically. Therefore, media discourse analysis is a worthwhile linguistic research endeavor. The hypothesis of the research contends that media discourse analysis, as part…

References:

Chen, L. (2004) Evaluation in Media Texts: A Cross-Cultural Linguistic Investigation. Language in Society, 33(5), 673 -- 702.

Chigana, A., & Chigana, W. (2008) Mxit It Up in the Media: Media Discourse Analysis on a Mobile Instant Messaging System. The South African Journal of Information and Communication, 9, 42 -- 57.

Constantinou, O. (2005) Multimodal Discourse Analysis: Media, modes and technologies. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 9(4), 602 -- 618.

Gamson, W.A., Croteau, D., Hoynes, W., & Sasson, T. (1992) Media Images and the Social Construction of Reality. Annual Review of Sociology, 18, 373 -- 393.

These protocols allow client/server applications to communicate in a way designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering and message forgery. IPsec is a standard that provides security at the network layer by encrypting and/or authenticating IP packets.

Watermarking, Fingerprinting and Access control are other important DRM techniques. Watermarking is the process of embedding information into a data source in such a way its existence is hidden. It essentially serves as a copyright stamp. Another method to protect digital media is to fingerprint each copy with the purchaser's information. Thus, if the purchaser makes illegitimate copies, they will contain his or her name. Access control attempts to find ways for limiting the access to copyrighted material and/or inhibiting the copy process itself. Examples of copy protection include encrypted digital TV broadcast, access controls to copyrighted software through the use of license servers and technical copy protection mechanisms on the media.

ibliography

Arsenova, E.…

Bibliography

Arsenova, E. Technical aspects of Digital Tights Management. http://wob.iai.uni-bonn.de/Wob/images/01212504.pdf

Most importantly, that problem may also be somewhat transitory and merely a function of the fact that computer gaming environments are still relatively new phenomena. Ultimately, it is quite probable that the next generation of young people will not be as interested in those types of recreation for the exact same reasons that contemporary teenagers are so much less interested in television than previous generations: because television is no longer novel.

eferences

Evans, H. (2004). They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine

Two Centuries of Innovators. New York: Little Brown & Co.

Gelernter, D. "Computers and the Pursuit of Happiness" Commentary, (Jan/1991).

Healey, J.F. (2009). ace, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: The Sociology of Group

Conflict and Change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge.

Henslin, J.M. (2006). Essentials of Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach. Boston:

Allyn and Bacon.

Turkle, S. "Constructions and econstructions of Self in Virtual eality: Playing…

References

Evans, H. (2004). They Made America: From the Steam Engine to the Search Engine

Two Centuries of Innovators. New York: Little Brown & Co.

Gelernter, D. "Computers and the Pursuit of Happiness" Commentary, (Jan/1991).

Healey, J.F. (2009). Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: The Sociology of Group

Digital Democracy

Many important revolutions and transitions in power have occurred in non-democratic countries in the past several months, sparking a great deal of debate regarding the role of social media and contemporary technology in empowering populations to demand change. The matter of the critical mass with regards to public opinion and its impact upon international attention and intervention is central to the discussion of digital resources and communications supplanting rights and privileges of democratic freedoms. It has been widely promulgated in democratic nations, such as the United States, where digital media are protected by free speech laws, that the internet has the ability to enhance communication freedom in places where governments have made efforts to restrict social and civil liberties.

In an article for Foreign Policy Magazine, Evgeny Morozov termed the belief of democratic nations in the internet's ability to catalyze democratic revolution the Internet Freedom Agenda. Key to…

References

Edge. Org. (2010). "Edge: Digital Democracy and Its Discontents" Retrieved from:  http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/morozov_shirky10/morozov_shirky10_index.html 

Morozov, Evgeny. (2011). "Freedom.gov." Foreign Policy Magazine.

Shirky, Clay. (2008). Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing without Organizations. Penguin Books: New York.

Digital communications could be described as being borne from the first electronic transmission of words via a wire uttered by Alexander Graham Bell. Those words; "Watson, come here. I want to see you" (American Treasures, 2010) will live on in historical fashion as a changing of not only the manner in which individuals communicate, but the changing of an entire world. From that era to today's digital communication accessibility almost anywhere in the world took nearly 140 years yet advanced society light years into the future.

In today's modern communication modes there are a wide variety of methods for communicating not only the spoken word, but the written word, text, images, pictures, books and entire libraries of information at a press of a button. There are also a number of digital methods for transmission, including but not limited to; TETA (terrestrial trunked radio), the Internet via Widebrand and Broadband, and…

References

American Treasures (2010) Alexander Graham Bell lab notebook, Library of Congress, accessed at  http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/ , on July 3, 2011

Daga, V.; Manuel, N.; Narasimhan, L.; (2010) Riding Asia's digital tiger, McKinsey Quarterly, Issue 4, pp. 16-19

Evans-Pughe, C.; (2011) Call for back-up! Emergency services communications, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 1, pp. 74 -- 77

Rubinson, J.; Micu, A.C.; Dedeker, K.; Lewis, I.; Moran, R.; Netzer, O.; Plumer, J.; (2011) Guest editorial: The shape of marketing research in 2021, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 51, issue 1, pp. 213 -- 221

New media can seem threatening at first, as it signals deep and meaningful changes in the ways information is created and shared in the society. In "Mind Over Mass Media," Steven Pinker (2010) argues that new technologies are typically perceived as threatening until they become commonplace. Early hysteria and fear about new media soon subsides, as the actual effects of the new media are not as adverse as was initially believed. Even the printing press was considered evil in its day, according to Pinker (2010). New media has improved scientific research and has made vast amounts of quality information available more quickly to more people. One of the reasons why new media is not threatening is that the brain tends to keep information fragmented. Learning how to condense one's thoughts into a PowerPoint presentation does not imply that the same person will consistently condense his or her thoughts in other,…

New Media and Politics

Digital media has been extremely instrumental in the organization and expression of political protest. This case study will examine the impact of digital media and social networking and the importance it plays in contemporary political movements.

Citizen Journalism

In the work entitled "New Media and Development Communication," stated is that modern mobile phones "…are transforming civilians into journalists." Columbia University, ITU Report, 2005, p.1) The report states that a critical role was played by mobile phones in the world receiving information about the pro-democracy protests in Myanmar" which involved 1,000 individuals being arrested and 30 to 40 monks and 50 to 70 civilians being killed. The report states specifically:

"Dissent turned into outrage as mobile phones transmitted grainy images of Myanmar's revered monks being beaten by junta security forces, 'Citizen Journalists' -- everyday citizens in Myanmar -- began surreptitiously recording video and taking photos of the…

Bibliography

Cagaptay, Soner (2012) Can Dictators Survive New Media. CNN Special Report. Retrieved from:  http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2012/02/10/can-dictators-survive-new-media/ 

Cottle, Simon (2011) Cell Phones, Camels, and the Global Call for Democracy (2011) Open Democracy. 27 Sept. 2011. Retrieved from:  http://www.opendemocracy.net/simon-cottle/cell-phones-camels-and-global-call-for-democracy 

New Media and Development Communication (2005) Columbia University, ITU Report, 2005.Retrieved from:  http://www.columbia.edu/itc/sipa/nelson/newmediadev/Citizen%20journalism.html 

Preston, Jennifer (2011) Social Media Gives Wall Street Protests a Global Reach. The New York Times. 15 Oct 2011. Retrieved from:  http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/15/social-media-gives-wall-street-protests-a-global-reach/

New Media Implications

The improvement of internet and other technology and its ready availability to more and more people has revolutionized the structure and population of the media around the world. People that would normally be members of the audience have become the creators of news and vice versa. The lines that separate news makers and people that normally would be making news or expected to make news have blurred significantly and in several different ways. There are many examples of countries that could be focused on for this subject but one of the best is the United States.

Media Structure

There are multiple ways in which the structure of news creators has changed and evolved over recent months and years. One way in which the idea regarding audience and news sources has been altered significantly is the corporate structure of the people that are providing the news. The companies…

References

Babad, E. (2005). The Psychological Price of Media Bias. Journal of Experimental

Psychology. 11 (4), 245-255.

Barkow, J., O'Gorman, R. & Rendell, L. (2012). Are The New Mass Media Subverting

Cultural Transmission. Review of General Psychology. 16 (2), 121-133.

digital games is quite relaxing, as no adequate research has been carried out yet, so nearly anything goes. Writing, in general, about gaming and games is also very much similar. Sadly, and with startling cumulative consequences, games are under-theorized. Although there is the work of authors such as Ehrmann, Huizinga, and Caillois, game theory, philosophical ideas such as the work of Wittgenstein, and libraries teeming with research on board games, one can not get far into the field of computer games using only the above resources. As well, if there is, or will be, a proper computer game research field, it can also be said to be at risk of colonization and intrusion from existing scholarly tribes (Eskelinen 2001). Computer games have to be secured against the colonizing effect of textual and narrative analysis. In the case of semiotics, the idea of "text" generalizes to everything in material existence; however,…

References

Adams, Ernest. 1999. "Three Problems for Interactive Storytelters.." Gamasutra.

Engberg, Maria. n.d. Markku Eskelinen. Accessed July 14, 2015. http://www.elmcip.net/person/markku-eskelinen.

Eskelinen, Markku. 2001. "The Gaming Situation." The international journal of computer game research.

Eskelinen, Markku. 2001. "Towards Computer Game Studies, Part 1: Narratology and Ludology." Helsinki.

Introduction

Cyberterrorism, illegal (and legal) espionage, piracy, and cybercrimes differ from their pre-digital counterparts in serious and meaningful ways. For one, the nature of online social interactions diverges from that of face-to-face or even voice-only interactions due to the shields of anonymity. Second, technological prophylactics ranging from encryption to skillful network architecture can add multiple levels of protection to shield perpetrators while exposing the weaknesses in a less advanced consumer public. Third, the rapid advancement of artificially intelligent systems creates new possible realities and problems, as non-human actors become part of increasingly complex systems. Finally, digital media has enabled formal and informal surveillance and other forms of illicit behavior, transforming the relationship between actors and objects in ways that could alter political and social realities. Actor-network theory is an ideal lens and process by which to better understand the complex gamut of cybercrime. Developed initially in the 1980s and solidified…

Digital Book Production

Practical advice on publishing eBooks.

Which digital formats and platforms to convert to... pdf, ePub, Kindle, etc..

Lipton (2014) in his study assessed the current norms of the digital printing industry with focus on publishing and copyrights in America and European Union. He reveals that popular eBook formats are few rounding up in single digit figures. In case of United States, the industry frontlines such as Amazon, Apple and Barnes & Noble are quite open to their users in order to pave way for easier reading. Due to this simplistic idea, the nuisance of multiple file formats to be used is cut down as most book readers don't like to shift from one file format to another. It's just too much nuisance and hassle for a reader.

In case of European Union, he adds that the digital eBook market is slowly growing as publishers are indulged in…

References

Electric Book Works. (2014). Backlist conversions vs. frontlist plans. Retrieved from:  http://electricbookworks.com/kb/digital-decisions-what-book-publishers-should-know-about-ebooks/product-decisions/backlist-conversions-vs.-frontlist-plans/ 

Friedman, J. (2012). 10 Questions to Ask Before Committing to Any E-Publishing Service. Retrieved from:  http://janefriedman.com/2012/02/10/10-questions-epublishing/ 

Kenner, A. (2014). Designing Digital Infrastructure: Four Considerations for Scholarly Publishing Projects. Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 29(2), pp. 264 -- 287.

Khaledi, H. And Reisi-Nafchi, M. (2013). Dynamic production planning model: a dynamic programming approach. Int J. Adv Manuf Technol, 67:1675 -- 1681

Media Institutions and Regulations:

A Discussion on the Twitter Phenomenon

Words change meaning all the time. Take, for example, awful. Today, it means something terrible, but it used to mean filled with awe (aweful). In this case, a different spelling has led to a different interpretation. Yet sometimes, the same word may mean the same exact thing, only in a completely different context. This refers to the example of Twitter. Traditionally, twitter as a verb meant to utter a succession of small, tremulous sounds, as a bird or to talk lightly and rapidly, especially of trivial matters. In this day and age, however, a mention of twitter will conjure up images of the phenomenon that the technological age has brought about. Yes, twitter can still mean trivial talk, even in this technological context, but most likely, it will refer to the information network that connects friends to coworkers and even…

"Beyond the dippy lingo, the idea that something intelligent, something worthy of mindshare, might occur in the space of 140 characters -- Twitter's parameters were set by what would fit in a text message on a phone -- seems unlikely. But it was clear […] the primary news platform was Twitter, with real-time annotation of the panels on stage and critical updates about what was happening elsewhere at a very hectic convention." [9: Carr, David. "Why Twitter Will Endure." New York Times, 2010.  http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/weekinreview/03carr.html  ]

A further perusal of this particular article reflects further opinions, though similar ones, including the fact that the history of the internet suggests "cool" website that go in and out of style, and Twitter is one of those rare ones that are more likely to stay in style than go in and out.

Traditional media outlets are changing all over the world. From Facebook, to Twitter, to Flick, to Linkedin and many others, the new generation is putting its stamp on the vast landscape of information, its retrieval and dissemination. This is important to note, because this change comes with positives and negatives, some of which can harm humanity. However, it is also important to note the progress and the continuation of it, and promote such media outlets for the benefit of advancement.

Media

In a one day diary of media consumption, it becomes evident that many of my interactions with the world are via media. I receive most of my information through media forms as well. Even when relaxing, media is something that drives the process. There is also a lot of passive consumption of media in my daily life. My media consumption will be analyzed through the lens of different media theories.

Turow

Turow argues that media and advertisers have become exceptionally adept since the 1970s at understanding audiences, their consumption patterns, and how to exploit these. For our part as audience, we have much less understanding of our own consumption patterns. This exercise was the first time that I had really given thought to my daily media exposure, only to realize that my use of media is constant, throughout the day, and sometimes very passive. I used media forms as…

References

Turow, J. (1997). Breaking up America University of Chicago Press: Chicago.

Fenton, N. (no date). The internet and social networking. In possession of the author.

Media

Injustice and the Media

There was a point in the not-too-distant past when it was reasonable to perceive the media as a force collectively aimed at informing the public, exposing corruption, surfacing scandal and general performing the responsibility of protecting the people's right to know. However, several forces have permeated the so-called 'fourth estate,' diluting the media's acceptance of this responsibility. At one end of the spectrum, the growth in value of cable news such as CNN or MSNBC has created a highly monetized and commercially-motivated form of news. At the opposite end of the spectrum, the increasing visibility of social media such as Facebook and Twitter in spreading news stories has removed much of the accountability or professionalism from our media outlets.

The result is that our media outlets rarely have the motivation to ensure that a well-informed public is made aware of injustice in all its forms.…

Works Cited:

Boettger, B. (2012). The Social Responsibility of Social Media. Media Post.

Chiyamwaka, B. (2008). Media Ethics: A Call To Responsible Journalism. Hippo Lodge Liwonde.

Christians, C.G. (2007). Utilitarianism in Media Ethics and Its Discontents. Journal of Mass Media Ethics, 22(2-3), 113-131.

Daily Graphic. (2009). Ethical, Responsible Journalism Essential for Media's Success. Modern Ghana.

In the novel, Howad is foced to seve as an U.S. secet Agent by the Blue Faiy, a caee that eventually led to his own death.

Mothe Night epesents the fictional memois of Howad W. Campbell J., an Ameican who seved as a secet agent fo the Ameican Amy duing the Second Wold Wa. Giving that the actual autho of the novel seved himself as a soldie duing the same wa, the question of whethe o not the autho esembles the potagonist in the novel is undestandable. Pehaps one of the visions they shae is the eality of facts, Mothe Night being Vonnegut's only novel that does not featue fantastic elements. Vonnegut wote "We ae what we petend to be, so we must be caeful about what we petend to be," as the final moal fo his novel and one thing Campbell and Vonnegut shae afte all is thei vocation…

references to such stories like "Jack the Giant Killer" and uses the image of some demons and serpents to create the background. The tone of the play is quite humourous and ironic, thus explained by the existence of the Fool. However, the King himself is quite intelligent, even though Shakespeare uses his insanity to address nonhuman objects. Like in many of his other writings, Shakespeare's style of writing is poetic, using iambic rhythms and free verse.

Therefore, it is quite interesting to observe that such aspects of human nature depicted in King Lear resemble other works like that of Vonnegut's and his Mother Night. The technique used by the later is ultimately different from that of Shakespeare's, less dramatic, but tragic nonetheless, written in a first-person journal style. This confessional style is bound to credit the protagonist-narrator because we only get his version of the events. Interesting enough though, it seems as though Campbell discovers more things about himself as the story unfolds than does the reader.

A in millions)

Current in millions)

Provided by Federal ureau of Investigation as of September 18, 2006. www.whitehouse.gov/goodbye/3ae6b1ac94aa97e6650780f280890a7c81100e47.html"

CHART: National Correctional Populations

National Correctional Populations

The number of adults in correctional population has been increasing.

A in millions)

Current million in millions)

Provided by ureau of Justice Statistics as of November 30, 2006. (Social Statistics riefing Room, 2006)

More Statistics

Violence in the Media

Huston and colleagues have estimated that the average 18-year-old will have viewed 200,000 acts of violence on television (Huston, a.C., Donnerstein, E., Fairchild, H. et al. ig World, Small Screen: The Role of Television in American Society. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1992.)

41% percent of American households have three or more televisions (Nielsen Media Research, 2000).

56% of children ages 8-16 have a television in their rooms (Annenberg Public Policy Center, 2000. Media in the Home 2000)

Percentage of television-time children ages 2-7 spend…

Bibliography

Alter, Jonathan. "Moving Beyond the Blame Game. (Panel Discussion)," Newsweek, May 17, 1999.

Beyer, John. "PERSPECTIVE: How movie and TV violence hits children; Is there too much violence on television and is it time to curb it? John Beyer, director of the organization mediawatch-uk argues that media viol," Birmingham Post, March 21, 2007.

Chatfield, Joanne E.. "Influence of Media Violence on Children." American Family Physician, February 15, 2002.

Children's Hospital Boston. "Teen-Rated Video Games Loaded With Violence;

MEDIA & GLOBAL POLITICS

Culture

Shirky's piece is about the potential for media to change the course of government and politics across the world. He writes of ways that specifically the technology of social media has the power and/or potential for political activism and social change. The 21st century has seen an increase in the frequency and the efficiency of grassroots activism and social movements around the world, due in great part because of the Internet and social media. In fact, the drastic increase in this kind of activity began in the late 20th century:

Since the rise of the Internet in the early 1990s, the world's networked population has grown from the low millions to the low billions. Over the same period, social media have become a fact of life for civil society worldwide, involving many actors -- regular citizens, activists, nongovernmental organizations, telecommunications firms, software providers, governments…As the…

References:

Castells, M. (2009). Communication Power. Oxford University Press. Pp. 299-432.

Morozov, E. (2011). Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. Public Affairs: New York. Pp. 1- 32, 179-204.

Shirky, C. (2011). The Political Power of Social Media. Foreign Affairs, Jan/Feb2011, 90(1), 28-41.

Communications networks can be used as a source of profitability, but not according to the traditional model of selling songs, when they are so easy to copy.

espite the existence of pay-for-music services like iTunes, industry insiders confide that they have become convinced that iTunes in the long run will never generate as much profits as Cs. "Worldwide music sales fell about 7% last year...growth in downloads from iTunes, the biggest legitimate digital service, came to a halt" (Pfanner 2009). "At the end of the day, we are not going to stop piracy, so let's embrace it," said one executive (Pfanner 2009). Internet companies, which had once resisted the music company's efforts to police their customers, also now have an interest in ensuring that the use of such unlimited databases remains legitimate, as they are part of the new profit model.

Work Cite

Pfanner, Eric. (2009, January 18). "Music industry…

Despite the existence of pay-for-music services like iTunes, industry insiders confide that they have become convinced that iTunes in the long run will never generate as much profits as CDs. "Worldwide music sales fell about 7% last year...growth in downloads from iTunes, the biggest legitimate digital service, came to a halt" (Pfanner 2009). "At the end of the day, we are not going to stop piracy, so let's embrace it," said one executive (Pfanner 2009). Internet companies, which had once resisted the music company's efforts to police their customers, also now have an interest in ensuring that the use of such unlimited databases remains legitimate, as they are part of the new profit model.

Work Cite

Pfanner, Eric. (2009, January 18). "Music industry imitates digital pirates to turn a profit." The New York Times. Retrieved January 19, 2009 at  http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/business/worldbusiness/19digital.html?scp=2&sq=file%20sharing&st=cse

Media

The age of typography began with the Enlightenment and flourished in the New World, and coincided with significant social, political, and economic changes. As Postman (2005) points out in Amusing Ourselves to Death, Protestants with a predilection toward intellectualism made books and reading integral to American life. "The influence of the printed word in every arena of public discourse was insistent and powerful not merely because of the quantity of printed matter but because of its monopoly," (Postman, 2005, p. 41). In other words, print had a monopoly on information, communication, and the exchange of ideas. Print became endowed with a level of political and social significance that it does not have in the digital age, as there are now multiple modes of information exchange. When printed matter was all there was, the very ideals of democracy depended on it.

During the typographic age, content was meaningful as well…

References

Dewey, C. (2014). What makes some internet memes immortal. The Washington Post. 10 Nov, 2014. Retrieved online:  http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/11/10/what-makes-some-internet-memes-immortal/ 

Postman, N. (2005). Amusing Ourselves to Death. New York: Penguin.

Sternberg, J. (2013). Technology today: What would Neil Postman think? Retrieved online:  http://www.spinedu.com/technology-today-neil-postman-think/#.VGGC9_Q49oA

Thirdly, the growing up-to-the-minute exposure of the journalists to the physicality of the war detracted from the big picture and instead exaggerated the importance of singular happenings and specific events.

It is in the loss of the big picture that the Bush regime is most able to capitalize on its military's control of the press. While in the 1990s, the President's father struggled with "pooled" journalists and the lack of coherent and stable eye witness accounts, the current President instead embedded an army of over 700 journalists inside the United tate's military campaign as they waged war on the unsuspecting Iraqis.

There is a pretty fine line between being embedded and being entombed," observed Dan Rather in response to the Gulf War of the 1990s.

With the American journalists and those internationally desiring the protection of the winning force fully embedded with the American soldiers at war, the military operation…

Sides, Hampton. "Unembedded." The New Yorker. March 24, 2003.

Jamail, Dahr. "Fallujah: How not to Handle Insurgency." The Arab-American News, April 27th.

Morford, p. 2.

One reporter for the New York Daily News rants, "Come on, let's be serious…if anything is clear, it is that the trip of the famous couple to Havana has exposed the travel ban as what it is: a senseless, anachronistic and anti-democratic policy, contrary to U.S. interests and values," (uiz, 2013).

What was done to resolve the controversy?

There has yet to be a clear resolution to the controversy, but the expression of symbolic free speech on the part of Beyonce and Jay-Z has deepened the discourse about the purpose and effectiveness of the Cuba embargo. The celebrity visit has caused new dialogue about Cuban-American relations and the meaning behind the ongoing travel ban Many Americans do not give much thought to the travel ban; but Cuban-Americans take the ban personally. Now that the Cold War is over, it does not seem to make much sense to have an embargo.…

References

Boesveld, S. (2013). Beyonce and Jay-Z's Cuba jaunt sparks uproar as U.S. politicians accuse Obama of breaking tourism embargo. National Post. April 9, 2013. Retrieved online:  http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/04/09/beyonce-and-jay-zs-cuba-jaunt-sparks-uproar-as-u-s-politicians-accuse-obama-of-breaking-tourism-embargo/ 

Brown, H. (2013). How the GOP response to Beyonce's Cuba trip highlights broken policy. Think Progress. April 9, 2013. Retrieved online:  http://thinkprogress.org/security/2013/04/09/1838661/rubio-beyonce-cuba/?mobile=nc 

Hudson, D.L. (n.d.). Posts tagged 'nonverbal expression.' Inside the First Amendment. Retrieved online:  http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/tag/nonverbal-expression 

Peralta, E. (2013). Treasury: Jay-Z and Beyonce Traveled to Cuba on U.S.-Approved Trip. NPR: The Two-Way. Retrieved online:  http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/04/09/176732458/treasury-jay-z-and-beyonce-travelled-to-cuba-on-u-s-approved-trip

Digital Culture
1
How do information and information sharing impact the digital culture of today’s world?
This question can best be answered by understanding the ways in which today’s digital culture uses information. Grassegger and Krogerus note that Big Data is the big elephant in the digital room: this is the collection of information on every Internet user on the planet, stored and provided so that today’s advertisers can market their organization’s products exclusively to Internet browsers. Those ads that pop up everywhere you go, no matter what type of site you’re on, that seem to know exactly what type of product you’re currently interested in? They know what you’re interested in because your personal browsing habits are being watched are recorded: that’s what Big Data is. And it’s also more than that—because today even your Amazon Fire is watching and listening: your phone is taking note of where you…

Yes, the Oedipus complex aspect of Shakespeare it gives us and which in turn invites us to think about the issue of subjectivity, the myth and its relation to psychoanalytic theory. (Selfe, 1999, p292-322)

Hemlet and Postcolonial theory

Postcolonial theory was born as a result of the publication of the famous work of Edward Said, Orientalism (1978). This theory claim that some authors (Paul Gilroy, Achille Mbembe, Francoise Verges, etc.) and that seem so elegant in its formulation, in my opinion raises three fundamental problems: At a time when we are witnessing the emergence of new expressions of colonialism (colonialism, cultural, political and economic globalization, neo-colonialism nestled in the relationship between the hegemonic colonial past and their old colonies, colonialism in disguise that structure the relationship between international institutions and developing countries, institutions from the rest behest of the former colonial powers according to their interests), speak of post-colonial era…

References

Aragay, Mireia, and Gemma Lopez. 2005. "Inflecting Pride and Prejudice: Dialogism, Intertextuality, and Adaptation." Books in Motion: Adaptation, Intertextuality, Authorship. Ed. Mireia Aragay. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, p201-19.

Aragay, Mireia, ed. 2005. Books in Motion: Adaptation, Intertextuality, Authorship. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi, p88-96.

Baetens, Jan. 2007. "From Screen to Text: Novelization, the Hidden Continent." The Cambridge Companion to Literature on Screen. Ed. Deborah Cartmell and Imelda Whelehan. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, p226-38.

Balides, Constance. 2000. "Jurassic Post-Fordism: Tall Tales of Economics in the Theme Park." Screen 4 I .2: p139-60.

This is a valuable social and interpersonal skill, which will help kids to grow into effective and cooperative adults.

Goals:

The approach of the Kids n Clicks program will function on a personal, educational, and technological platform.

Personal assets kids can expect to gain from the program include:

Increased self-confidence, self-esteem, and independence;

Respect for each other, the community, and technological equipment;

The ability to work effectively as team members and leaders;

The ability to give and receive constructive feedback;

A more positive attitude towards education.

Educational benefits associated with the Kids n Clicks program will include:

For kids:

Creative self-expression and learning by means of visual media.

Cultivating marketable skills like digital image production, graphic design, web page design, digital and online publishing.

Small groups, including no more than eight children in a singles session.

A combination of classroom and field work.

Collaborative learning.

Quality output.

Potential income from…

Digital Ethics Critical Response

Dan Richards coins the phrase "netiquette," or a hybrid word combining "network" and "etiquette," to describe a new social code that is developing in digital spaces (Richards, N.d.). All groups form social norms when they interact with each other that develop over time. Groups will collective form opinions and norms about a range of different issues. Some of the issues that Richards presents include are related to technology and ethics and include items such as:

How does an online discussion board community handle flaming?

Is it right to give support to pirating sites?

hat images are appropriate for re-tweeting?

Just how private should privacy policies be when agreeing to Terms of Services?

The environment online is much different than other forms of networking. ith a face-to-face relationship you can experience more cues from non-verbal language and things that are not available in the digital world. There…

Works Cited

Richards, D. (N.d.). Digital Ethics. Retrieved from Writing Commons:  http://writingcommons.org/open-text/new-media/digital-ethics

Government officials and elected officers become unwilling to provide limited public funds to broadcasters whose audiences are becoming smaller, forcing public service programmers to reach for larger audiences with different types of program content. "While multiple program sources -- cable, home video -- make it unlikely that these systems will move toward "mass audience programming" it is the case that the face of broadcasting is changing in these contexts" (Narrowcasting, 2012).

Digital signage networks for narrowcast advertising are becoming part of the mainstream and not some sort of on the edge experimental medium reserved for the daring and advanced. ather than being seen as a risk in the eyes of media buyers, they are becoming a vital communications path for marketers and advertisers wishing to sway consumer spending decisions at the point of purchase. It isn't particularly surprising that narrowcast digital signage networks are entering the mainstream. Advertising buyers and…

References

Little, D. (2007). Digital signage -- InfoTrends sees significant growth for narrowcasting.

Retrieved from  http://ezinearticles.com/?Digital-Signage-InfoTrends-Sees -

Significant-Growth-for-Narrowcasting&id=633856

Narrowcasting. (2012). Retrieved from  http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=narrowcasting

This is perhaps even more likely as the home system becomes larger and more realistic, as is seen in High Definition television, with larger screens to emulate the experience of watching a film in a theater. There will probably be competition between the two, with smaller films and films with certain types of content being more commonly accessed by hand-held devices, while the large-scale spectacle film will be more readily viewed on the larger screen system. As noted, delivery by computer is more a method than a defining feature, and delivery by this means will one day tie directly to the television set, allowing for greater flexibility as the consumer can order what he or she wants online and watch it immediately. This can be done today with most cable systems, but the system of the future will not be tied to a given system for such services.

Other regulatory…

References

The Betamax Case (2007). Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved November 22, 2007 at  http://w2.eff.org/legal/cases/betamax/ .

Kuhl, C. (2007). The tide is rising. CED. Retrieved November 22, 2007 at http://www.cedmagazine.com/Article-Next-Gen-content-navigation.aspx.

Print Media is dead 'Print Media is dead'

Since time immemorial, the world of business has been continuously producing goods and services that can meet the customer's requirements and demands. In this regard, marketing and promotion of the goods and services has been considerably a vital source of communication that can fill the gap between the target audience and the corporations. Organizations employed different and diverse types of mediums and channels for their marketing and advertising to be effective and valuable. The very popular and traditional marketing medium initiated from print media that moved on to different other sources such as television, radio, digital, online marketing and so forth over the course of period (Jenkins, 2006).

Marketing and advertising through print media (which include newspapers, magazines) is one of the traditional and conventional methods that have been widely used by the enterprises for several years, in fact decades. However, as…

References

Biagi, S. 2011. Media Impact: An Introduction to Mass Media. 10th Edition. Cengage Learning, Boston, USA.

Carroll, B. 2010. Writing for Digital Media. Taylor & Francis, New York, USA.

Entrepreneurs, 2012). Print is Dead? Not so Fast. Forbes. Viewed December 1, 2012:  http://www.forbes.com/sites/thesba/2012/06/28/print-is-dead-not-so-fast/ 

Hooper, M. 2012. Who says print is dead? The Guardian. Viewed December 1, 2012:  http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2012/jun/03/who-says-print-is-dead

Internet on Traditional Media Vehicles

Discuss impact internet traditional media vehicles - for advertising class (graduate level) - academic

Traditional media refers to the radio, newspapers, magazines and television. These were the means used to transmit and broadcast information before the internet. Traditional vehicles were not as effective as the internet, as one would have to wait for a specific time for them to get to read, hear, or see the news. Because of this restrictive time schedules people could not get information as fast as they would have preferred Barry & Fulmer, 2004.

Newspapers were released once daily, and if that were the only way for someone to access information they had to wait for over 24 hours before they can read the newspapers. adio news was much better as the delay was only hourly.

Traditional media vehicles could not reach as many people as fast as the internet.…

References

Barry, B., & Fulmer, I.S. (2004). The Medium and the Message: The Adaptive Use of Communication Media in Dyadic Influence. The Academy of Management Review, 29(2), 272-292.

Bucklin, R.E., Lattin, J.M., Ansari, A., Gupta, S., Bell, D., Coupey, E., . . . Steckel, J. (2002). Choice and the Internet: From Clickstream to Research Stream. Marketing Letters, 13(3), 245-258.

Froehling, O. (1997). The Cyberspace "War of Ink and Internet" in Chiapas, Mexico. Geographical Review, 87(2), 291-307.

Howard, P.N. (2005). Deep Democracy, Thin Citizenship: The Impact of Digital Media in Political Campaign Strategy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 597(ArticleType: research-article / Issue Title: Cultural Production in a Digital Age / Full publication date: Jan., 2005 / Copyright © 2005 American Academy of Political and Social Science), 153-170.

Introduction

The media has been referred to as the fourth estate, a bedrock element of democratic society. The term has its origins referencing the critical role that media plays in society. The first three estates are taken to be the clergy, the nobility and the commoners. This concept derives from England, in particular attributed to something that Thomas Carlyle wrote in 1841 about there being three estates in parliament, but the reporters in the gallery were the fourth estate." Carlyle had written that they were the most important of all (Crichton et al, 2010).

When applied to a country's media, the terms "free" and "independent" reference privately-owned media that operate without undue interference from the government. The media is considered to be a bedrock of democracy because they are responsible for the flow of information to the populace. More specifically, this refers to organized media companies, prior to the digital…

Media Misrepresent omen?

For a long period of time, hundreds of commercials, movies, as well as TV shows have in one way or another misrepresented women by either objectifying them or presenting them as the weaker sex. It is important to note from the onset that the media plays a significant role in our lives. In addition to shaping our politics, the media also influences the way we think and relate with one another. In the final analysis therefore, how women are represented in the media matters a lot with regard to how they are viewed and/or treated in the real world.

There are numerous instances of women misrepresentation in the media. This is particularly the case in advertising. It is important to note that people are shaped by not only the culture but also the environment in which they are brought up. Today's advertisements bombard our kids with images…

Works Cited

Carilli, Theresa, and Campbell, Jane, Eds. Women and the Media: Diverse Perspectives. University Press of America, 2005. Print.

Klenke, Karin. Women in Leadership: Contextual Dynamics and Boundaries. Emerald Group Publishing, 2011. Print.

Lester, Deborah. "Social Media: Changing Advertising Education." Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 2.1 (2012): 116-125. Print.

As media continues to evolve so too will mankind and the manner in which society creates social order and reconstruct its relationship between the physical, mental and social. The media is as much an extension of the human senses as it is an extension of technology that enables better information flow, creation of situational behaviors and a form through which social roles can be understood and interpreted (Meyrowitz, 1985). Through the media mankind has discovered a method for transmitting, disseminating, interpreting and receiving social information. This in turn helps mankind creates his own unique identity from which he can operate and live.

Conclusions

All forms of media are nothing more than an extension of the human senses, a tool or medium if you will through which mankind defines, interprets and accepts or refutes certain social roles and social order. The media provides an outlet through which sensory experiences can be…

References

Anderson, J.A. (1996). Communication theory: Epistemological foundations. New York:

Guilford Press.

Casey, Edward S. (1996). How to Get from Space to Place in a Fairly Short Stretch of Time: Phenomenological Prolegomena. In Senses of Place. S. Feld and K.H. Basso, eds. Pp. 13-52. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.

Connerton, Paul (1989). How Societies Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

As a result, contemporary computer systems and networks must be well protected against malicious intrusions and other attempts to gain unauthorized access to computers and network systems (Schneider, 1999).

Legal and Privacy Issues in the Workplace and Copyright Issues

The prevalence of digital technology for social networking has also generated entirely new areas of law and issues of public policy, such as in connection with the privacy of individuals in the workplace (Dershowitz, 2002). Nowadays, Internet use and e-mail communications are so prevalent and so much a part of both commercial enterprise functions and social networking that contemporary employers must routinely establish specific rules and policies for authorized non-work-related uses of their equipment and information systems. Likewise, the privacy rights of employees in connection with their Internet use at work are extremely limited and subject to monitoring to an extent that is prohibited by federal law with respect to other…

References

Dam, K., Lin, H. (1996) Cryptography's Role in Security in the Information Age.

Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Dershowitz, A. (2002). Shouting Fire: Civil Liberties in a Turbulent Age. New York:

Little Brown & Co.

Abstract
The media has a pivotal part to play in giving the public information on what occurs worldwide, especially in areas wherein audiences lack direct experience or knowledge. In this paper, the effect of media on the formation of public attitudes and beliefs and its association with social change will be examined. The paper will draw on diverse empirical research findings and assess media coverage influence in areas like disability, economic growth and climate change. These findings will offer insights into how media shapes public discourse as regards establishing agendas and making the masses concentrate on specific topics. With regard to the issue of disability, for instance, a link has been established between hardened attitudes towards the disabled and negative coverage by media channels of those availing themselves of disability benefit. Additionally, it has been discovered that media channels severely restrict information for audiences to understand such issues, with alternative…

A iTunes expansion in the digital video space seems to be a no-brainer from a business perspective. The digital music market developed first, aided by peer-sharing sites such as Napster and Kazaa, and it is understandable that much of Apple's current focus through the iTunes store has been on selling digital music tracks and albums. However, the digital video market is growing significantly, and we can expect iTunes to provide even more robust video offerings in the future. According to the iTunes eb site, users already can download thousands of music videos and more than 350 television shows. In a sign that Apple is serious about growing its video services, the company recently launched a movie service that allows users to download feature films for $9.99 a movie. iTunes video services will only grow more as Apple faces growing competition from online music and video providers. As was discussed, Apple…

Works Cited

Angell, L.C. "iTunes revenue surges 84% in 2006." iLounge, Dec. 2006. 1 Aug. 2007.  http://ilounge.com/index.php/news/comments/comscore-iTunes-revenue-surges-84-in-2006-q1-to-q3/ .

"Apple settles iTunes lawsuit." Mac News Network, Sept. 2006. 1 Aug. 2007. http://www.macnn.com/articles/06/09/01/iTunes.lawsuit.settled/

Dean, Katie. "New Napster, iPod don't play nice." Wired, Oct. 2003. 1 Aug. 2007.  http://www.wired.com/entertainment/music/news/2003/10/60729 

Gohring, Nancy. "Apple faces U.S. lawsuit over iTunes-iPod link." Computer World,

This focus on the positive benefits of consumer word of mouth behaviour is a natural tendency. I certainly like to think that positive comments have a greater impact on my decisions than negative comments. In fact, the respondents to the survey reported that the two factors that had the biggest impact on their airline choices were comparison-shopping on the Internet (38%) and personal recommendations from an acquaintance on Facebook or Twitter (42%). but, although personal recommendations have a clear impact on choices, the question is whether positive comments have a greater impact than negative comments. This distinction has not yet been made with regard to word of mouth marketing effects. The U.S. national election in 2004 was viewed by many as the most negative in recent memory (Johnson, 2011). Why would hard-nosed politicians with limited budgets invest so much in negative advertising if positive comments had greater impact on behaviour?…

Bibliography

Arnold, S.E., 2010. Twitter can lower marketing costs -- how to put the cost effective service to good use, Smart Business San Diego.

Brown, J., Broderick, a.J. And Lee, N., 2007. Word of mouth communication within online communities: conceptualizing the online social network, Journal of Interactive Marketing, 21(3), pp.2-20;

Curran, James M. 2011. Lennon, Ron. Participating in the Conversation: Exploring Usage of Social Media Networking Sites. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, Vol. 15.

Doganis, Rigas. The Airline Business in the Twenty-First Century. Book by Routledge, 2010.

WikiNerdia allows the users to ask questions and all the nerd community members answer the questions. People normally trust the reviews and answers of the customers more than the brand. Giantnerd gets the benefit of their fan engagement and ultimately the brand trust increases. Customers can be your sale force and work for any company if the company can get the benefit by engaging the audience. A brand must think of multiple opportunities for the customers so that they can spread the word about the company. eal-time engagement opportunities and exclusive social communities are the tools which can turn existing customers to word-of-mouth advocates (Goldman, 2013).

Social Media will have a huge impact on business over the next decade, especially on the recruiting matters. Social media technology presents exciting opportunities for the recruitment industry. A research has highlighted that Twitter, LinkedIn and Facebook are the most used social media websites…

References

Goldman, J. (2013). Going Social: Excite Customers, Generate Buzz, and Energize Your Brand with the Power of Social Media. New York: AMACOM.

Hensel, K., & Deis, M.H. (2010). Using Social Media to Increase Advertising and Improve Marketing. Entrepreneurial Executive, 15, 87+. Retrieved May 16, 2013, from http://www.questia.com/read/1P3-2191652481/using-social-media-to-increase-advertising-and-improve

Libert, B. (2010). Social Nation: How to Harness the Power of Social Media to Attract Customers, Motivate Employees, and Grow Your Business. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Mathieson, R. (2010). The on-Demand Brand: 10 Rules for Digital Marketing Success in an Anytime, Everywhere World. New York: AMACOM.

Ethics in Printed Media

Print media is one of the most common forms of mass media that people come into contact with on a daily basis in order to obtain information. This form of mass media entails all printed work such as billboards, newspapers, posters, and magazines. Similar to other kinds of media, ethics has become a major issue in printed media given that the major priority of mass communications or journalism is to ensure that provided information is truthful and accurate. Accuracy and truthfulness in print media is ensured through understanding and practicing professional ethics as well as effective decision making on issues that apply to the media.

Generally, ethics in media is a category of applied ethics that addresses various issues related to standard of media and certain moral principles. In addition to dealing with controversial issues or topics, ethics in print media helps journalists to inform, educate,…

References

"Ethics in Media Reporting." (n.d.). Ishan Family. Retrieved September 27, 2014, from  http://www.ishanfamily.com/cms/pdf/2.pdf 

Richardson, I. (n.d.). Ethics of Print Media. Retrieved September 27, 2014, from http://www.ehow.com/about_6239171_ethics-print-media.html

Mass Media Influences

Media Influences

It has long been known that the media has a strong influence on the public, and when television and other media presents strong messages on any particular topic, like smoking for example, society is impacted. This paper presents quality references in order to cover important aspects of the media, the issues it promotes, its history, it tactics, and its impacts.

Technological Transitions and Digital Technologies Influence Society

Author Paul Boyer explains that through "mediated communicative processes" individuals help to shape society. In those communicative processes there are to be found "complex interactions of human agency, social institutions," along with the various media-driven communicative processes that are the foundations of society (Boyer, 2012). The media that people use -- including today's Internet, television, print media, and radio -- shape both "national political conversations" and a number of aspects of social relationships (Boyer, 213).

And since the…

Works Cited

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Estimates of Current Tobacco Use

Among Youth. Retrieved July 27, 2015, from  http://www.cdc.gov .

Digital Preservation Management. (2014). Timeline: Digital Technology and Preservation.

Retrieved July 27, 2015, from http://www.dpworkshop.org.

External and Internal Environments

External & Internal Environments Business

CBS Outdoor Americas Inc. (NYSE: CBSO) leases ad space in the category known as Out-of-Home (OOH) advertising throughout the United States, Canada, and Latin America (oss Sorkin, 2014). CBS Outdoor went public in April 2014 and separated from CBS ?Corporation (NYSE: CBS.A and CBS), the broadcaster and owner of Showtime, as the final step following its initial public offering (IPO) (oss Sorkin, 2014). The shares of CBS Outdoor rose 18% since the IPO in March 2014 (oss Sorkin, 2014). CBS Outdoor offers a range of outdoor advertising options that are designed to target somewhat different markets: Billboards, bus and railroad media, mobile billboards, specialty advertising signs, sports media, street furniture, and walls (oss Sorkin, 2014). A specialty of CBS Outdoor is an extensive multi-media digital inventory in many of these markets, and highly sophisticated mobile interactive capabilities that extend to all…

References

Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., & Hoskisson, R.E. (2013). Strategic management: Concept and cases: Competiveness and globalization (10th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Levin, M. (2012, February). Was study of digital billboard safety botched? Fair Warning. NBC News. Retrieved  http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/02/14/10400036-was-study-of-digital-billboard-safety-botched 

Ross Sorkin, A. (2014). CBS Outdoor in $690 million deal for advertising assets. Dealbook. The New York Times. Retreived  http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2014/07/21/cbs-outdoor-in-690-million-deal-for-outdoor-advertising-assets/?emc=edit_dlbkpm_20140721&nl=business&nlid=54745473 

Hansen, M.T. And Birkinshaw, J. (2007, June). The innovation value chain. The Harvard Business Review. Retreived  http://hbr.org/2007/06/the-innovation-value-chain/ar/1

Microsoft has not yet taken a stand on DRM issues nor have the defined their strategies for dealing with the intricacies of RIAA and NARAS as it relates to the content purchased. As a result, consumers vary of the RIAA and NARAS are taking a much more cautious approach to adopting the Microsoft digital music store as a result. There is a very good chance however that Microsoft will concentrate on an aggressive strategy to eventually attain DRM-free status of their downloads while also appeasing the legal entities that dominate this industry. Their challenges and the series of efforts they will need to make in order for this entire strategy to be successful will be fascinating to watch evolve over the coming years. Yet these two examples illustrate a fundamental fact about the future of Internet-based distribution of music and digital media, and that is only larger, more vertically oriented…

Bibliography

Apple, Investor Relations (2009). Investor Relations. Retrieved May 7, 2009, from Apple Investor Relations and Filings with the SEC Web site:  http://www.apple.com/investor/ 

Anirban Banerjee, Michalis Faloutsos, Laxmi Bhuyan. (2008). The P2P war:

Someone is monitoring your activities. Computer Networks, 52(6), 1272.

Grant Buckler (2006, July). Bull from the entertainment industry. Computer Dealer News, 22(10), 11.

Print Media: A elic in the Digital Age

The Digital Age has arrived and it has essentially confined to the dust bin of history the print media. This is evident from the closure of book stores that Barnes & Noble that once thrived. With more and more people turning to the Internet for their daily dose of information, reading, news, and video, there is less need for books, bookshelves, or the dust that goes with them. For one thing, print media has become impractical as a result of the Digital evolution; for another, digital media can be transferred and shared much more quickly and more efficiently than print media could ever dream of doing (Eadie, 2009). Therefore, this paper will show why the Digital Age of media is here to stay (so long as the power flows) and print media will be kept around only as a relic of the…

References

Eadie, W. (2009). 21st Century Communication: A Reference Handbook. NY: SAGE.

changing because of advances in technology. How we communicate with each other has changed dramatically with the implementation of powerful and popular social media platforms, like Facebook. Today, both teams and adults spend a surprising amount of time on the social media sites. The question here is whether or not such activities can actually be a positive potential in regards to the growth of literacy and language development.

Social media is a trend that is only continuing to grow. It is used by most adolescents and young adults, who are still rolling in terms of their literacy and reading skills. This current dissertation aims to explore how we use and prevalence of social media can actually assist in developing literacy skills. As teenagers and young adults spend so much time on social media sites like Facebook, they are bombarded with visual and textual material. The current research was aiming to…

References

Ronda, Natalia Sinitskaya. (2011). Facing the Facebook challenge: Designing online social networking environments for literacy development. Graduate Programme in Language, Culture, and Teaching. York University.

Social Networking and Social Media: A Case Study of Walmart Inc.

A Case Study of Walmart Inc.: Social Networking and Social Media

Walmart is an American-based multinational discount retailer operating in over 27 countries. It is the world's largest company by revenues, and the largest private employer in the Fortune 500 list of companies. Walmart has shown steady growth and improvement since 1965, when it was founded as Sam Walton as a general store. This text explores Walmart's organizational culture, structure, and digital media strategy with the aim of determining their role in the company's continued success.

A Case Study of Walmart Inc.

Walmart is the world's largest discount retailer, operating over 11,000 stores in 27 countries, including the U.S. Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, Walmart grew from a family-owned general store in 1965 into the world's largest company by revenues. In 2015, the company ranked 20th in the Forbes list…

References

Brunn, S. D. (2006). Walmart World: The World's Biggest Corporation in the Global Economy. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis.

Forbes. (2015). #20 Walmart Stores. Forbes Magazine. Retrieved from  http://www.forbes.com/companies/wal-mart-stores/ 

Gaspar, J., Kolari, J., Hise, R., Berman, L. & Smith, M. (2016). Introduction to Global Business: Understanding the global Environment and Global Business Functions (2nd ed.).

Keyes, J. (2013). Enterprise 2.0: Social Networking Tools to Transform your Organization. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.

United Airlines: Dragging Through Crisis Management

A recent scandal at United Airlines involving a routine overbooking of a flight and a non-routine removal of a passenger after none volunteered to de-board has thrust United into a rather negative spotlight. Its image has been tarred by widespread public disapproval thanks to social media, and the company's settlement with the customer out of court has done little to polish the airline's image. Its attempt to contain the crisis has proved futile and has raised the question: Are companies desensitizing customer service by relying too heavily on crisis management via public relations? From the look of it, it appears that United would do well to re-focus its attention on vitalizing its customer service approach instead of relying on its P team to clean up the mess. This paper will discuss the issue of United's crisis management approach and examine another possible approach that…

References

Gallo, C. (2013). How Southwest and Virgin America Win by Putting People Before

Profit. Forbes. Retrieved from  http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2013/09/10/how-southwest-and-virgin-america-win-by-putting-people-before-profit/ 

Lamb, C. (2009). Essentials of Marketing. UK: Cengage.

Von Muhle, M., Ohno-Machado, L. (2012). Reviewing social media use by clinicians.

Social media involves online content that people use via highly accessible technologies. Basically, social media marks a change in the way people read, discover and share information, news and content. Therefore, social media fuses technology and sociology leading to a change in monologues into dialogues and also marks information democratization, making everyone an author instead of being a mere content reader. Social media has become very popular since it enables people interaction through the internet to create relations useful for different reasons including political, personal and business. Businesses consider social media to be an amalgamation of consumer-generated media. The social media takes different forms like, blogs, Internet forums, wikis, pictures, podcasts and video. Therefore, it is obvious that the Internet is a fundamental social medium (Customer Centric Business Strategies, n.d.). This may not change since people endeavor to engage with each other online; hence, social media is going to be…

References

Ali, S. (2012, August 8). Social Media - A Good Thing or a Bad Thing? Retrieved, from  http://www.socialmediatoday.com/content/social-media-good-thing-or-bad-thing 

Fernandez, A. (2011). Clinical Report: The impact of social media on children, adolescents and families. Archivos de Pediatriadel Uruguay, 82(1), 31-32.

Gaal, Z., Szabo, L., & Obermayer-Kovacs, N. (2015).The Power of Social Media in Fostering Knowledge Sharing. Proceedings Of The European Conference On Intellectual Capital, 114-121.

Hajli, M.N. (2014). A study of the impact of social media on consumers. International Journal Of Market Research, 56(3), 387-404. doi:10.2501/IJMR-2014-025

Forum: Media Department

What type of questions would you ask to determine the framework the organization should use to become current in the age of technology and new media?

Mediatization implies, in this particular sense, aspects to the transformation of the scope of the social world in the era of media. y the notion of mediatization, we recognize media as uncurtailed driving force of social development (Couldry, 2012). As all organization have different requirements according to their need, set procedures are followed in creating an appropriate accessible technology framework (Microsoft, 2015). As compare to the work of capable project administration, implementing new technology into an organization poses a different kind of challenge to management. Generally, the managers, liable for supervising technical innovation into normal process of working, have a strong understanding due to education and experience to make others familiar with that innovation than to its application management (arton &…

Bibliography

Barton, D. L., & Kraus, W. (n.d.). Implementing New Technology. Retrieved from Harvard Business Review:  https://hbr.org/1985/11/implementing-new-technology 

Couldry, N. (2012). Media, society, world: social theory and digital media practice. Cambridge: Polity. ISBN-13: 9780745639208, 9780745639215. Chapter 5: Network Society, Networked Politics Pages 109-131

Microsoft. (2015). Developing an Accessible Technology Plan. Retrieved from Microsoft Accessibility:  https://www.microsoft.com/enable/business/plan.aspx 

Olumoye, M. Y. (2013). Ethics and Social Impact of Information Systems in Our Society: Analysis and Recommendations. International Journal of Science and Research, 155.

The major reason why social media plays a vital role in the recruitment process is because of the fact that applicants reveal more information about themselves via social media than during the normal hiring process.

However, while it continues to exist in the public domain, many applicants oppose the use of their social media profiles as part of the recruiting process ("Social Media's Place," n.d.). This opposition raises public debate about public vs. private life and the right to an individual's privacy. Majority of job applicants argue that social media profiles shouldn't be part of an employer's decision making process since personal life should be regarded as private life. Actually most of them consider reviewing their social media profile as a practice that is equivalent to conducting a security check. On the contrary, employers use social media to vet a candidate when they feel that this person does not portray…

References:

Jackson, R.M. (2010, January 11). Social Media Permeate the Employment Life Cycle:

Employers Must Address their Use and Misuse Before, During and After An Employee's Tenure. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from  http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1202437746082&slreturn=1&hbxlogin=1 

"Pre Employment Background Checks for HR -- A Much Better Choice Then Social Profiling."

(2011, May 19). Pub Articles: Better Articles Pub. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from  http://www.pubarticles.com/article-pre-employment-background-checks-for-hr-a-much-better-choice-then-social-profiling  -- 1305791090.html

Technology

Internet technologies have developed to become important elements of communication in today's world. Emerging media and internet technologies like blogs, social networking sites, and virtual meetings like webinars and tele-seminars have transformed the modern working environment. In light of recent developments, emerging media and internet technologies have contributed to enhanced interconnectivity because of their flexibility. Given this trend, it is increasingly important for organizations to embrace and utilize emerging media and internet technologies for their various work processes. The organization selected in Week One utilizes emerging media and internet technologies to enhance its work processes and productivity. However, there are potential pitfalls of using emerging technology, which implies that it's important to develop a plan of action to overcome these pitfalls.

Analytical Framework for Organization

As previously mentioned, the organization selected in Week One of this course uses emerging media and internet technologies to enhance its processes and productivity.…

References

Couldry, N. (2012). Network Society, Networked Politics. In Media, society, world: social theory and digital media practice (chap. 5, pp.109-131). Cambridge: Polity Press.

Fernback, J. (2002). Journalism and New Media / Reshaping Communications: Technology, Information and Social Change. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, 57(2), 162-164.

Jarvis, S.E. (2010, December). Communicator in Chief: How Barack Obama Used New Media Technology to Win the White House. Presidential Studies Quarterly, 40(4), 800-802.

Shirky, C. (Director). (2012, June). How the Internet Will (One Day) Transform Government [Video file]. Retrieved from  http://www.ted.com/talks/clay_shirky_how_the_internet_will_one_day_transform_government.html

This makes using the Internet much more desirable for advertisers, who may soon be unwilling to advertise in newspapers at all, especially as the current age demographic of news readers begins to taper off with the inevitable consequences of aging.

Of course, it could be argued that people have always had access to free content in the form of libraries, which did not result in the demise of paid, print media. The convenience of reading a book, however, has become less of a factor as laptops grow more streamlined and because of innovations like Amazon's Kindle, which enables users to access printed content on a small, easily transported computer device. In fact, even libraries themselves are becoming more digitally-based, as college students can research journals online from their dorm bedrooms, and many academic journals, facing small subscription pools and high costs of production, are shifting to an online format.

The…

Works Cited

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Media Psychology

Psychology

The topic of the proposal is related to media psychology and reality television. Media psychology is an interdisciplinary field that works in collaboration with fields such as neuroscience, computer science, international relations, and philosophy. Media psychology seeks to understand the perceptions, interpretations, uses, responses, and relationships among media and media consumers. Media psychology identifies both the benefits and the drawbacks of media consumption. Media psychology reads media as a text and as an entity with behaviors, relationships, and cultures. Media psychology receives increasing attention in the 21st century as the media landscape of the times is much more rich, diverse, and abundant than other periods in human history. Media is a much larger fixture in more people's lives around the world in the 21st century. The growing consensus among media critics, researchers, theorists, producers, consumers, and distributors is that media affects human behavior and attitudes. Therefore, the…

References:

Bagdasarov, Z., Greene, K., Banerjee, S.C., Krcmar, M., Yanovitsky, I., & Ruginyte, D. (2010) I Am What I Watch: Voyeurism, Sensation Seeking, and Television Viewing Patterns. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(2), 299 -- 315.

Giles, D. (2003) Media Psychology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, New Jersey.

Hall, A. (2009) Perception of Authenticity of Reality Programs and Their Relationships to Audience Involvement, Enjoyment, and Perceived Learning. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53(4), 515 -- 531.

Reiss, S, & Wiltz, J. (2004) Why People Watch Reality TV. Media Psychology, 6, 363 -- 378.