Edward Snowden Essays (Examples)

Quandary of Prosecuting Edward Snowden

The source of law that controls the prosecution of Edward Snowden is both federal and international law. Because Snowden is an American citizen who sought asylum overseas, he is outside of the direct jurisdiction of the U.S. government. Still, the U.S. government is the entity that wants Snowden for his crimes. Snowden has not committed any crimes except for those that violated the U.S.

Snowden can be charged and arrested by a state law-enforcement officer if he commits some sort of crime in that particular state. However, the crimes that Snowden has become notorious for were not committed at a state level, but rather at the federal level. Those crimes must get prosecuted in a federal setting, since they were committed against the nation as a whole.

The crux of the matter with the Snowden issue is that he transgressed federal law for ethical reasons.…

References

Louis, E. (2014). Treachery and its consequences. The Economist. Retrieved from  http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2014/01/snowden-case-prosecution

1. The constitutional foundation for the right to privacy is multifaceted. However, this right is implicit to the right of liberty guaranteed by this document. In particular, privacy is a manifestation of the civil liberties which all citizens are assured of in the U.S. Constitution. The preamble to the constitution states this fact. The preamble reveals the Constitution was created in part to “secure the Blessings of Liberty” (Founding Fathers). The blessings of liberty quickly become a curse if there is no privacy. If people were able to see and become cognizant of everything everyone did, then people are not necessarily free or experiencing a state of liberty. Privacy, therefore, is implicit to liberty, which is why the constitutional defense of this concept provides the foundation for the right to privacy.

There are other parts of the constitution which provide a foundation to the right of privacy as it relates…

Technology Boston Bombings

The Use of Technology in the Boston Bombings Investigations

The Boston Marathon bombing incident was an act of terror that took place on April 15th, 2013 during the annual Boston Marathon. During the event, bombs were positioned in proximity to the race's finish line. The bombs killed two individuals and injured over two hundred fifty others would where close by. Dzhokhar Tsarnaev and Tamerlan Tsarnaev were the primary suspects in the case that were identified by the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI). A day after the bombings a massive manhunt ensued to find the individuals. However, one of the interesting aspects about the case is how the FBI was able to identify the suspects. An unprecedented amount of digital data was available for use and the FBI and other organizations utilized crowdsourcing techniques to help funnel through the data.

The advent of digital technologies coupled with the…

References

Bio. (2014, April 3). Edward Snowden Biography. Retrieved April 3, 2014, from Bio:  http://www.biography.com/people/edward-snowden-21262897 

Boston, C. o. (2014). After Action Report for the Response to the 2013 Boston Marathon Bombings. Boston.

Johnson, C. (2012, July 16). Scientist's game helps map the brain. Retrieved from The Boston Globe:  http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2012/07/15/mit-scientists-crowdsource-effort-map-connections-brain/v1CEwhwl90GDjKzL6oTC4L/story.html 

Kelly, H. (2013, April 26). After Boston: The pros and cons of surveillance cameras. Retrieved from CNN:  http://www.cnn.com/2013/04/26/tech/innovation/security-cameras-boston-bombings/

component graded.

The amassing of data has become an integral process of life in the 21st century (Nunan and Di Domenico, 2013, p. 2). This fact is partially reflected by the fact that in contemporary times, people are generating much more data than they previously did. Every time someone goes shopping and makes a purchase with a credit card, receives a call or sends a text message, or visits a web site on a computer or downloads information to a mobile phone application, they are generating data. This data is stored and, through sophisticated processes of analytics that involve data mining and even predictive capabilities, is analyzed to determine aspects of consumer, individual, and collective behavior. The generation of these massive quantities of data in the myriad forms such data takes at the rapidity of real-time access is known as big data, which government representatives claim they are analyzing to…

References

Byman, D., Wittes, B. (2014). Reforming the NSA. Foreign Affairs. 93(3), 127-138.

This source considers a number of possibilities for reforming the NSA which are viable in the wake of Snowden's security breach. It examines other country's approaches to espionage as well. In provides an in-depth read into the considerations the NSA must make for securing the country

Hackett, K. (2013). Edward Snowden: the new brand of whistle blower. Quill. 101(5), 26-31. This source examines the ramifications of the actions of whistle blowers, and attempts to deconstruct the privacy issues associated with security concerns in the U.S. It details the actions of Snowden.

Nuna, D., Di Domenica, M. (2013). Market research and the ethics of big data. International Journal of Market Research. 55(4), 2-13. This source considers the practice of amassing and analyzing big data largely from a marketing research perspective. It details the wide scope of data that is regularly stored and scrutinized regarding the lives of citizens.

ight to privacy has been under attack in recent years from many sources. Issues such as terrorism and technological development has provided an opportunity and an excuse to lessen the protections that have been previously awarded Americans, as well as citizens of a number of other countries, in the name of their own protection. Albeit the threats of terrorism are real, there are also a series of threats that come from the violation of citizens' right to maintain their privacy in their daily activities. It is not only an invasion of privacy from the governments around the world that is an issue, but private organizations are also able to collect an immense amount of intrusive data about their customers or target markets. A legitimate balance between these concerns must be reached and in a timely manner because there is a significant amount of evidence that this balance is uneven and…

References

Gellman, B. (2013, December 23). Edward Snowden, after months of NSA revelations, says his mission's accomplished. Retrieved from The Washington Post:  https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/edward-snowden-after-months-of-nsa-revelations-says-his-missions-accomplished/2013/12/23/49fc36de-6c1c-11e3-a523-fe73f0ff6b8d_story.html 

Sadowski, J. (2013, February 26). Why Does Privacy Matter? One Scholar's Answer. Retrieved from The Atlantic:  http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/02/why-does-privacy-matter-one-scholars-answer/273521/

Contemporary Political Issue: The War on Terror

Introduction

On September 20th, 2001, President George W. Bush proposed the new Office of Homeland Security to help confront a new threat to national security in the first step of what became the War on Terrorism (Select Committee on Homeland Security, 2004). One week earlier, Congress had signed off on the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF), allowing the president broad scope for using military force against countries or organizations who “planned, authorized, committed, or aided” terrorism (Ackerman & Hathaway, 2011). 17 years and more than $2 trillion later, the War on Terrorism continues with no sign of easing up (Amadeo, 2018). Though President Trump ran a campaign on getting American soldiers out of the Middle East and letting other countries handle the ISIS threat, the war on terror rhetoric out of the White House has continued unabated, with sights now set…

Hadoop is a file storage system that has become increasingly popular in contemporary society. Although it was technically developed last decade, its ubiquity did not truly arise until the current decade. It has already shaped this decade, and will more than likely play a substantial role in shaping this century, which will be noted for its developments in information technology. A thorough examination of the impact of Hadoop illustrates that it will shape the century because it facilitates Big Data, enables analytics for massive quantities, varieties, and expedience of data, and is open source.

Hadoop is the single greatest technological invention that has spawned the current phenomenon of big data, in which organizations and individuals are now able to process vastly greater amounts of data of a host of different types at speeds previously unthinkable. Big Data is used everywhere today, from department stores that monitor customers via smart phones…

Counterterrorism

Counter-Terrorism

Counter-Terrorism Framework

The author of this report is asked to answer to a number of questions relating to counter-terrorism frameworks. First, the author is asked to provide a revised framework for the national terrorism prevention and response agencies in the United States. Per the parameters of the assignment, there are to be at least three agencies involved in the revised framework. Subsequent to that, the author is asked to answer to how and when the agencies will interact and why. The author is asked what tools can be used to help the agencies function and do their jobs and that will be included in the framework summary. The author is asked to wrap up the paper by enumerating at least three policy and/or procedural recommendations that should be implemented to make the existing framework gel and function more effectively.

evised Framework

The existing framework for law enforcement and…

References

Boehm, E. (2013, August 20). New audit finds IRS can't keep track of its own software Watchdog.org. Watchdog.org - The Government Watchdog. Retrieved September 2, 2013, from  http://watchdog.org/101977/new-audit-finds-irs-cant-keep-track-of-its-own-software/ 

Cillizza, C. (2013, May 21). Everything you need to know about the IRS scandal. The Washington Post: National, World & D.C. Area News and Headlines - The Washington Post. Retrieved September 1, 2013, from  http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2013/05/21/what-we-know-and-what-we-dont-about-the-irs-scandal/ 

DOJ. (2004, November 1). Special Report: A Review of the FBI's Handling of Intelligence Information Prior to the September 11 Attacks. Welcome to the United States Department of Justice. Retrieved September 2, 2013, from http://www.justice.gov/oig/special/0506/chapter2.htm

Poulson, K. (2013, August 29). New Snowden Leak Reports 'Groundbreaking' NSA Crypto-Cracking | Threat Level | Wired.com. wired.com . Retrieved September 2, 2013, from  http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/08/black-budget/

ight to Expression: The Fine Line of the First Amendment

Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and the enactment of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools equired to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the PATIOT ACT), there has been a growing debate concerning the proper role of the government in protecting Americans while balancing their right to free expression. To determine the facts, this paper reviews the relevant literature to provide a discussion concerning the line between an individual's right to expression and the role of the government to protect its citizens from harm, including some salient examples of this conflict in the nation's past. An analysis concerning whether Americans have come any closer to reconciling these issues is followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion.

eview and Discussion

On the one hand, the First Amendment to…

References

Berg, C. (2013, September). Free speech lost in translation. Review - Institute of Public Affairs, 67(3), 18-23.

Munger, M. 92015, Spring). No place to hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. surveillance state. Independent Review, 19(4), 605-609.

Schenck v. United States, 249 U.S. 47, 51-52, 1919.

Youm, K.H. (2004, Summer). The four freedoms of the First Amendment. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(2), 446-450.

Mann, Existential Technology

Just as Steve Mann's 2003 article "Existential Technology" appears to be a description and philosophical justification for the author's artwork, it could just as accurately be described as a work of eerie prophecy. Reading Mann's document a little over a decade after its initial publication gives the uneasy feeling that this conceptual artist has actually foreseen the future. Of course, this is in many ways the function of art, if we recall Ezra Pound's famous dictum that artists are the antennae of the human race, picking up cultural and historical signals before the rest of us do. But it is remarkable in 2014 to see just how much Mann was anticipating back in 2003.

lthough Mann describes himself in the article as someone who has "lived as a cyborg for 30 years" ( Mann 25) what he really means by this is that he has been incorporating…

Although Mann describes himself in the article as someone who has "lived as a cyborg for 30 years" ( Mann 25) what he really means by this is that he has been incorporating computers and information technology -- often in the form of what he calls "in (ter)ventions," his neologism for inventions (gadgets) that also enact an intervention (a form of resistance) in the prevailing culture. But the things that Mann was resisting in 2003 are surely far more salient now than they were then. Although he names "surveillance and monitoring technologies" -- i.e., the nonconsensual recording of information about individuals by large governments or corporations -- as one of the chief subjects of his explorations, the examples given by Mann are along the lines of CCTV camera surveillance and records of credit card swipes. The sort of surveillance that was revealed by Edward Snowden's actions ten years later is so far beyond the level of what Mann was resisting in 2003 demands that we give Mann credit for extraordinary prescience.

Such concern with surveillance, though, is only one of many things in Mann's account that seems so new and salient in 2014 that it is astonishing to see how well he foresaw the direction in which daily life was heading. Mann discusses his "apparatus of computer-mediated reality (e.g. wearing a computer and living in a computer-generated world)" but this is a decade before the much-hyped Google Glass attempted to make a consumer item out of the idea. Indeed Google Glass sounds like it was inspired by Mann's account of his 2000 project involving his "EyeTap system, eyeglasses that cause the eye itself to function as if it were a camera" (Mann 21). Likewise Mann's 2001 project "Ouijagree" is meant to deconstruct copyright restrictions on software, and his discussion of it extends to the possibility for deconstructing the intellectual property whereby PDF documents are held -- it is worth noting that the same academic institution whose press published Mann's article in 2003, M.I.T., would play a substantial role in the prosecution (and arguably the suicide) of Aaron Swartz, founder of Reddit, who killed himself after facing extraordinarily harsh prosecution for the mass downloading of copyrighted academic articles and documents, in an attempt to make them available for free.

Of course the examples of Snowden, Google Glass, and Aaron Swartz all demonstrate that the philosophical issues that Mann was making central to his art in 2003 would become mainstream objects of concern ten years later. To a certain degree, this is a simple fact of Mann's area of interest: by making computing and information technology central to his concerns, he was arguably well-placed to see the ways in which surveillance and governmental control were central to the development of such technology from the outset.

Intelligence

Israel collects intelligence on American foreign policy related to Israel and the Middle East, as well as on scientific and technological developments, including those from the private sector. The gathering of intelligence from a foreign ally is neither an unusual nor new practice. Moreover, the United States reciprocates the favor and likewise gathers intelligence on Israel. The Untied States certainly cannot expect Israel or any other nation to refrain from using surveillance, while at the same time gathering intelligence against those very same nations. For Israel, areas of general interest for Israeli intelligence collectors include military and economic policy and of course, intelligence services themselves such as the CIA (Caramela, 2014). Intelligence is used to bolster Israel's own national security, military, and technological capabilities. The methods Israel uses to gather intelligence are varied and range from computer hacking to communications surveillance. easons for gathering intelligence on an ally are…

References

Caramela, S. (2014). The impact of Israeli intelligence collection on the United States. Retrieved online:  http://www.academia.edu/6604031/The_Impact_of_Israeli_Intelligence_Collection_on_the_United_States 

Giraldi, P. (2008). The spy who loves us. The American Conservative. 2 June, 2008. Retrieved online:  http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/the-spy-who-loves-us/ 

Ketcham, C. (2009). Israeli spying in the United States. Counterpunch. Retrieved online:  http://www.counterpunch.org/2009/03/12/israeli-spying-in-the-united-states/ 

Nakamura, D. & DeYoung, K. (2013). Obama defends U.S. intelligence-gathering tactics. The Washington Post. 1 July, 2013. Retrieved online:  http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/kerry-in-brunei-faces-european-anger-of-snowdens-nsa-disclosures/2013/07/01/b223aeb8-e247-11e2-a11e-c2ea876a8f30_story.html

Management of isk

Mitigating isk

Actually, there are a number of different ways that one can answer the interrogative from the CEO about whether risk elimination is possible. Those different approaches involve everything from the philosophical to the pragmatic. However, since it is a CEO that will receive this answer, it is probably more advisable to issue an answer from the latter branch of thought, while merely alluding to some of the tenets of the former. isk always exists because of the nature of the world, which in itself is unpredictable and offers no guarantees. To that end, the most vigilant organizations are able to mitigate risk and reduce the likelihood of any disadvantageous occurrences. It is virtually impossible to outright eradicate any possibility of risk, particularly when considering various information technology systems associated with data management and computer networking, for the simple fact that new threats and new possibilities…

References

Jutte, B. (2014). 10 golden rules of project risk management.  http://www.projectsmart.co.uk  / Retrieved from

Ethical Considerations for the Use of Technology to Meet Selected Homeland Security Objectives
Introduction
The Digital Age has transformed the way the world works for better or worse. Technology exists to bring down nations’ infrastructures without ever firing a missile (Ten, Manimaran & Liu, 2010). New technology has been developed that can allow agencies to spy, snoop, monitor, and retrieve conversations had online, through email, on cell phones, or via text messaging. To meet security needs, using this technology has very real and practical advantages. At the same time, there are privacy rules and regulations that have to be considered as the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution clearly gives people the right to privacy. Nonetheless, Homeland Security requires that the nation consider the evolution of terrorism and view it not just as an external threat but also as an internal threat. In other words, terrorism is not just a…

ationalism Politics Impacts Public's View

The six deadly sins in public administration are mandated in Drucker's "The deadly sins in public administration." The first one is to have too great of a "lofty objective" (Drucker, 1980, p. 103) in the aim that a program is trying to achieve. Programs need to have objectives that are specific and not targeted towards some general good. The next one is to incorporate too wide a scope of objectives in programs. It is much better to start out with a finite (or a single) objective and then attempt to move on to another initiative than to do too many things at one time. The third deadly sin is overstaffing. Simply by sending a great number of people to address a problem will never replace adequately thinking through a solution.

The fourth is to not sufficiently test a theory before applying it. Administrators need to…

References

Behn, R.D. (2003). "Why measure performance? Different purposes require different measures." Public Administration Review. 63 (5): 586-606.

 http://ehis.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=7&sid=22c51486-3a0f-4394-93b3-bb44ec64223d%40sessionmgr14&hid=106 

Drucker, P.F. (1980). "The deadly sins in public administration." Public Administration Review. 40 (2): 103-106. Retrieved from  http://ehis.ebscohost.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/eds/resultsadvanced?sid=22c51486-3a0f-4394-93b3-bb44ec64223d%40sessionmgr14&vid=4&hid=17&bquery= (public+administration)+AND+(deadly+sins)&bdata=JmNsaTA9RlQmY2x2MD1ZJnR5cGU9MSZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZlJnNjb3BlPXNpdGU%3d

Faris, S. (2013). "Have the NSA leaks compromised big data's future?" www.dataversity.net. Retrieved from  http://www.dataversity.net/have-the-nsa-leaks-compromised-big-datas-future/

Sociological Analysis of Hyperconnectivity

Sociology

Hyperconnectivity is a fairly new concept that it is indigenous to the 21st century. The term was coined only a few years ago by Canadian social scientists as a way to describe how people are connect via machines, networked organizations, and networked societies overall. Thus, this is a term that could have been coined now. "Hyper" is usually an adjective to describe a state of excess excitement and unruly energy; "hyper" as it exists as a prefix coming from the Greek language, means abnormal, unusual, and appearing in quantities beyond what is normal. Both definitions can be useful when considering the global culture or state of hyperconnectivity that much of the world finds itself in during the 21st century. We have mobile devices that connect to the internet wherever we are and wherever there is an internet connection. We have long since had computers and…

References:

Anderson, J.Q. (2012). Millennials will benefit and suffer due to their hyperconnected lives. PewResearchCenter, Web, Available from:  http://www.pewinternet.org/~/media/Files/Reports/2012/PIP_Future_of_Internet_2012_Young_brains_PDF.pdf . 2013 July 10.

Eicker, G. (2012). Hyperconnectivity leading to Social Inequality? Stumble, Web, Available from:  http://www.stumbleupon.com/su/1dFckC/wir-sprechen-online.com/2012/08/05/hyperconnectivity-leading-to-social-inequality/ . 2013 July 10.

Lanir, L. (2012). The Digital Millennial: Will Hyperconnectivity Affect Teens and Young Adults Cognitively? Decoded Science, Web Available from:  http://www.decodedscience.com/the-digital-millennial-will-hyperconnectivity-affect-teens-and-young-adults-cognitively/11210 . 2013 July 10.

Rainie, L., & Anderson, J. (2008). Hyperconnectivity will Create Unrealistic Work Expectations and Stress, and Intrude on Lives. PewInternet, Web, Available from:  http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2008/The-Future-of-the-Internet-III/11-Scenario-8-The-Evolving-Concept-of-Time-for-Work-Leisure/4-Hyperconnectivity-Will-Create-Unrealistic-Work-Expectations-and-Stress-and-Intrude-on-Lives.aspx . 2013 July 10.

influential factor in the evolution of the international world of politics following the end of World War II was the interrelationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. The conflictive positions between the two states influenced both the evolution of highly dominant states as well as minor governments. The world divided into two military fronts, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) -- 1949, and the Warsaw Pact in 1955. The international relations were dominated by tensions between the East and the West that shaped a conflict of ideological, political, and strategic manner but not military. This bilateral contention has since come to be known as the Cold War. This image of non-conventional warfare was unfamiliar decades of years ago when massacres and slaughterous mayhem was the representative picture of battlefields that most would have associated wars with up until the emergence and unfolding of the Cold War. In 2013,…

Reference List

Arnold, J.R., & Wiener, R. (Eds.). (2012). Cold War: The essential reference guide. Santa Barbara, California, Denver, Colorado, Oxford, England: ABC -- CLIO.

Feng L., & Ruizhuang, Z. (2006). The typologies of realism. Chinese Journal of International Politics, 1(1), 109-134. doi: 10.1093/cjip/pol006.

Hurst, S. (2005). Cold War U.S. foreign policy: Key perspectives. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press Ltd.

Jones, H. (1989). A new kind of war?: America's global strategy and the Truman Doctrine in Greece. Oxford, New York, Toronto, Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Karachi, Kuala Lampur, Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Nairobi, Dar es Salaam, Cape Town, Melbourne, Auckland, Berlin, Ibadan: Oxford University Press.

Plato

It is possible to read Plato's Apology as the best extant textual representation of the legacy of Athens in the fifth century CE in law and politics. The fact is that the Athenians, although they voted to put Socrates to death, might very well agree on principle with this evaluation. The Apology is, after all, a representation of the Athenian system of trial by jury, and it is worth recalling that this judicial system was considered to be a founding myth of Athens itself. Earlier in the century, roughly a decade before Socrates was born, the tragedian Aeschylus in the Oresteia would represent the mythological and divinely-sanctioned origins of the Athenian jury trial, as a replacement for the endlessly bloody cycle of the lex talionis, when the goddess Athena invites a group of Athenian citizens to sit in judgment on Orestes, who killed his mother in revenge for her…

Bibliography

Plato. The Apology. Trans. Benjamin Jowett. Internet Classics Archive, 2009.  http://classics.mit.edu/Plato/apology.html

Abdo's (2013) testimony to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is about the NSA privacy breaches first exposed in depth by Edward Snowden. The speaker accuses the NSA of using intrusive and "in certain respects unlawful" surveillance methods (p. 2). The NSA has also used their surveillance techniques outside as well as inside of the United States. Abdo (2013) speaks directly to the ACLU to outline the scope of the NSA's surveillance program. The overall purpose of the speech is to suggest what role the ACLU can and should play in promoting civil liberties, which is of course the mission of the organization.

Because NSA surveillance is a direct threat to privacy and civil liberties, the subject matter is directly relevant to the core goals of the ACLU. First, the author lists some of the main components of the NSA surveillance program. A few of the components are rooted in…

Reference

Abdo, A. (2013). Testimony to ACLU.

I actually agree that money is an important concept in the contemporary society and by gaining access to as much as possible someone can make wonders. The numerous areas lacking basic needs raise public awareness regarding the way that people need to think in order to make the world a better place. Even with this, lacking the funds to help people there means that one is powerless in the face of suffering.

Despite the significance of money today, one should also acknowledge the importance of being human. This is exactly what the initial Facebook involved -- people knew that this was a social network built on the need to bring people together rather than to simply increase someone's profits. Individuals would use it as a place to escape society and to get involved in a community where things other than money were important. Appreciation for simple things was possible there…

Advances in electronic communication have made it significantly easier for white-collar criminals to commit fraud. The crux of this point is based on the fact that virtually all aspects of electronic communication are stored and accessible to someone, somewhere. Anything a person does on the internet or via the telephone -- whether mobile or conventional phones -- is recorded and is able to be tracked. Thus, white-collar criminals simply need to gain access to this data since it is available in abundant amounts. Once they are able to access that data, they can successfully leverage relevant aspects of it to their advantage. For instance, they can take a credit card number and make purchases.

If I were a swindler I could use the increasing reliance on electronic communication to my advantage by breaching the secure information of a retail store such as Target and accessing credit cards, and using them…

Technology and Social Change

There is an intrinsic relationship between technology and social change. The exact nature of that relationship is interesting, especially when one considers the myriad facets of it. On the one hand, technology impacts social change in a way that is arguably causal. On the other hand, social changes can help to engender technological advances, which in turn continue to affect additional social changes. In this way, the relationship between these two phenomena are somewhat cyclical, much like the proverbial chicken and the egg conundrum. Suffice to say that both technology and social change affect one another, and are interwoven in the sort of advancements they foster in today's world.

It is difficult to discuss today's society without considering the impact that the personal computer, cellular phones, and the internet have had upon it. Quite simply, the ramifications of these technological developments are that considerable. The commercialization…

References

Abboud, L. (2014). Telecom firms mine for gold in big data despite concerns. www.reuters.com Retrieved from  http://www.reuters.com/article/us-mobile-world-bigdata-idUSBREA1M09F20140223 

Harper, J. (2014). How to do operational intelligence. www.dataversity.net Retrieved from  http://www.dataversity.net/operational-intelligence/ 

McClelland, K. (2000). Functionalism. http://web.grinnell.edu Retrieved from  http://web.grinnell.edu/courses/soc/s00/soc111-01/IntroTheories/Functionalism.html 

McClelland, K. (2000). Conflict theory. http://web.grinnell.edu Retrieved from  http://web.grinnell.edu/courses/soc/s00/soc111-01/IntroTheories/Conflict.html

The Positive and Negative Effects of Freedom of Expression within the Social Media in the U.K.

Introduction

In essence, social media in the UK provides an amazing platform for people to freely express their views, share information, and interact. Indeed, as McGoldrick (2013, p. 49) observes, “Facebook and other internet-based social networking sites (SNSs) have revolutionized modern communications.” Some of the most popular social media platforms in the country include, but that are not limited to, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, etc. It is important to note that unlike in the physical world where relations between people are governed by various social rules and etiquette standards, relations on social media tend to present a limitless and unrestricting facade. In recent times, some countries have attempted to limit the way people relate on social media – even closely monitoring content in an attempt to ensure that freedom of expression in social media is…

U.S. Intelligence Community

The nature of the work that is conducted by the U.S. intelligence community conditions some of the challenges it faces. The processes of gathering, analyzing, and disseminating intelligence locate members of the intelligence community in situations and relationships that, if not unique to the community, are certainly lodestones to controversy. The discussion will primarily track challenges that are related to improvements of the "intelligence product" and the building or rebuilding of "relationships with important external constituencies."[footnoteRef:1] The purpose of the paper is to increase the saliency of challenges that are fundamental to the business of the intelligent community, and that endure because they are, indeed, endemic. A review of extant documents and scholarly articles will support this author's discussion and conclusions. [1: "Making Intelligence Smarter: The Future of U.S. Intelligence." 1996. [Report of an Independent Task Forces] http://fas.org/irp/cfr.html]

Section II: Three Challenges Confronting the U.S. Intelligence Community…

Bibliography.

Johnson, Lock K. Handbook of Intelligence Studies. (2006, December 24).

"Making Intelligence Smarter: The Future of U.S. Intelligence." 1996. [Report of an Independent Task Forces]  http://fas.org/irp/cfr.html 

Galdorisi, George. Global Trends 2030. Defense Media Network: Faircount Media Group, last modified 2014.  http://www.defensemedianetwork.com/series/global-trends-2030/ 

Gross, Michael Joseph. Enter the Cyber-dragon. National Security. Vanity Fair, September 2011).

Origins and Demise of the Concept of ace by Charles Hirschman

In modern times, the reality of race is indisputable, especially for American eyes. acial discrimination is not just skin deep and based on skin color, features and hair texture, but it has rather existed since ancient times to date, with age-old exploitation and discrimination. Through this essay, Hirschman discusses the theory of racism history, in relation to social science. He concludes that this concept of race and racism is not a primordial or ancestral belief rather it has developed with modernity over the past 40 decades and reached its pinnacle in the early twentieth century (385).

Since ancient times, cultural diversity evolved naturally as people learned to survive and settle in different climatic zones and their physical features like skin color and hair varied according to climatic conditions. Different outcomes were recorded as they interacted; some were accommodated calmly…

References

Hirschman, Charles. "The Origins and Demise of the Concept of Race by Charles Hirschman." Population and Development Review.30.3 (2004): 385-415. Web. 15 May 2016.

Social Engineering as it Applies to Information Systems Security

The research takes into account several aspects that better create an overview of the term and the impact it has on security systems. In this sense, the first part of the analysis reviews the concept of social engineering and the aspects it entails. Secondly, it provides a series of cases that were influenced by social engineering and the effects each had on the wider picture of information security. Thirdly, the research looks at what policies are set in place to avoid this type of practice and how has the information security society responded to the threat posed by social engineering. Finally, possible solutions to the issues social engineering raises are also presented in the context of the increased technological environment in which business is conducted in the world we live in today.

General aspects on social engineering

A non-academic definition of…

References

Allen, Malcolm. "Social Engineering: A Means To Violate A Computer System," SANS Institute, 2006, available online at  https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/engineering/social-engineering-means-violate-computer-system-529 

Dimension Research. "The Risk Of Social Engineering On Information Security:

A Survey Of It Professionals" in Dimension Research, Sept. 2011, available online at  http://www.checkpoint.com/press/downloads/social-engineering-survey.pdf 

Honan, Mat. "How Apple and Amazon Security Flaws Led to My Epic Hacking" in Wired. 8 June 2012, available at  http://www.wired.com/2012/08/apple-amazon-mat-honan-hacking/