Floods are an overflow of water that submerges land and usually happen because of a large amount of rainfall, saturated soil, and/or the capacity of the body of water is exceeded:
Often floods are seasonal in nature, coming after pring rains.
Floods also occur in rivers, when flow exceeds capacity in certain areas of the river channel.
Floods have impacted society for centuries because people like to live near water and water transportation.
In certain parts of the world, typically those with regular monsoon conditions, flooding is a regular seasonal issue
In addition, the surge of rainwater will "slake Victoria's Red Gum forests, spark native fish breeding, fill the Threatened Lower Lakes and cause a rare natural flow…into the sea near Adelaide" (Ker, p. 1). Those lakes have not been full for five years; workers have been dredging the mouth of the Murray River (for important environmental health reasons) and the hope is that the surge of water arriving at the mouth of the Murray River will be strong enough to "flush accumulated sands out of the Murray" and back into the sea.
There were many emergency actions that were taken, and emergency service assets were used in the area in response to the floods. The Australian Defence Force helped residents evacuate their homes in some communities (Gippsland, Benalla and agaratta) and six relief centers were set up to provide food and shelter for those that were evacuated (www.abc.net.au). Many people…...
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Works Cited
ABC News. (2010). Army to evacuate Victorian flood victims. Retrieved Dec. 2, 2010, from http://www.abc.net.au .
ABC News. (2010). Man washed away as flooding spreads. Retrieved Dec. 3, 2001, from
This study carries significant value for Albany State policymakers since this study will thoroughly cover the concept of creating and maintain an effective flood protection system and disaster recovery plan.
1)
The findings of this study can expand the knowledge about effective flood responses.
2)
It can provide valuable data for the policy makers to make effective decisions to regulate and set higher standards where deemed necessary.
3)
This study and its findings will become an addition to and update of existing research on natural disaster response plan.
Chapter 2: Literature of Review
What are floods?
Floods are natural disasters that occur due to a rise in the water levels that submerge, disrupt normal human activities and operations (Schneid, 2007). It is important to note that floods are a natural disaster and that their severity is determined by the water levels and the force and content that the water carries along (eological Abstracts, 2008). Floods are…...
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Geodesign barriers
A water reservoir, as the name suggests, is normally used to store extra water for later use. The reservoirs can serve as a handy diversion when floods occur as the extra water can be diverted to them through the use of channels or pumps (Wilson and Wilson, 2005). The walls of reservoirs are usually made of concrete and are mostly man-made. The main idea behind the reservoirs is that they serve as a backup vessel for access water during flood seasons.
Dams again can serve the purpose of retaining or containing access water. Dams are usually arch shaped (see picture below) and are made of
Emergency esponse Plan
Following the floods havoc in the community, there were a lot of destructions that were experienced and this has been noted to be a common trend over more than five years despite the recommendations that have been put in place to ensure the destruction of property is kept at minimum as well as the general negative impact of the floods.
The following is a brief plan than can be used to asses the damages of the flood within the community especially on property. The focus of the plan is to look at the response that was put forth by the city council, the salvaged property and the partly destroyed as well as the completely destroyed property by the floods.
The key people that I would want to meet are the head of the natural disaster warning center responsible for the city, the police chief responsible for the town as well…...
The Gold Coast area has a reputation as a flood prone area, even without considering the effects of global climate change.
The Gold Coast area comprises seven major catchment areas including the Tallebudgera, Currumbin, Nerang iver, Coomera iver, Pimpama iver, South Moreton Bay, Sandy Creek and Broadwater area (Mirfenderesk, 2009). The Nerang iver catchment is adjacent to the Tallebudgers catchment to the South. It is bordered by the Broadwater and Coomera iver area to the North. The Nerang iver catchment is adjacent to the Pacific beach area as well (Mirfenderesk, 2009).
Catchment areas have different levels of tolerance before the concentration of water to sediment reaches saturation levels, creating the likelihood of flooding in the area. The Tallbudgers, Currubin, and Broadwater area have time concentrations of approximately 3 hours, creating conditions favorable to short duration local flooding (Mirfenderesk, 2009). The Nerang iver and Coomera catchments have time of concentrations from 3…...
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References
Abbs, D. (n.d.). The Effect of Climate Change on the Intensity of Extreme Rainfall Events.
CSIRO Atmospheric Research. White Paper.
Boesch, D., Field, J., & Scavia, D. et al. (2001). The Potential Consequences of Climate
Variabiltiy and Change on Coastal Areas and Marine Resources. NOAA's Coastal Ocean
For example, the soil in the Loess Plateau area is notoriously erodable and it is difficult to revegetate the steep slopes with a sufficiently dense cover of plantation and grass. Moreover, rainfall in the area is generally insufficient to support the growth of trees and plants even after their plantation; grazing by animals worsens the situation. Silt retention dams and structures in the silt-carrying gullies and valleys have proven more effective and thousands of dams have been built. As these dams are gradually filled up, the dam heights have to be raised. Such high retention dams, however, are a double-edged sword. Heavy once-in-a-century rains or powerful earthquakes could cause dams to break and initiate catastrophic landslides that would create even bigger floods that would do immense damage. Similarly, the Chinese have managed to control floods in the river by periodically raising the levees and the dykes but the unrelenting…...
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Works Cited
Chengrui, Mei, and Harold E. Dregne. "Review Article: Silt and the Future Development of China's Yellow River." The Geographical Journal. 167.1 (2001): 7.
The land could not resist to the saturation caused by the winds and the heavy rain and it had not been long before the aftermath materialized into swollen mountain streams. This later resulted into cascades of mud mixed with water running down the slopes in serious amounts. In spite of the fact that the island had several drains and catch basins which could be very effective in case of a small flood, they had been no match for the one on the February 20. The three rivers crossing Funchal, apparently meant to prevent flood water from entering the city, had been one of the motives for the waters quickly moving towards the streets.
A state of panic overtook the area, as the authorities were practically powerless. The intervention of the military had been crucial, as engineers could repair some of the structures that had suffered minor damage, while military rescue…...
Damns on Wildlife and the Environment
Background to Dams and Levees - One of the issues resulting from civilization and urbanization is that most of the places humans chose to locate, for reasons of convenience, agriculture, transportation, and economic independence, have been near water. Dams provide hydroelectric power, help control floods, and make rivers navigable. Levees are quite similar to dams in their purpose, although they are primarily build to restrict water in times of high flow -- and for the majority of time are not under water. Per capita, floods are the most destructive and frequent of Mother Nature's natural disasters. In the last 50-60 years, in fact, the number and severity of flooding has worsened globally. Several reasons have contributed to this: global warming and worsening of storm activity; the deforestation and paving of natural watersheds; and more people living and working on known flood-plains. However, many scholars…...
The natural factors that influence infiltration rate include soil characteristics, plant and animals, and topography. Man can modify these features to highly influence runoff. For instance, areas with grass/vegetation will reduce runoff by reducing speed of water on surface hence increasing percolation chances. On the other hand, bare lands will offer less resistance to water hence faster runoffs. In the event that rainfall produces much water to the land surface than it can be absorbed by the soil, the excess water will be left on the surface to flow down slopes as runoff. et areas with higher vegetation covers can have higher water tables that lead to faster saturations hence runoff.
On soil characteristics, finer soils will reduce infiltration and increase runoff and vice versa. Still, the size of rain drops can help compact soil reducing runoff. Concerning plant cover, they increase infiltration rates in that they slow the pace…...
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Works cited
Rodriguez, Daniel Andres, Javier Tomasella, and Claudia Linhares. Is the forest conversion to pasture affecting the hydrological response of Amazon catchments? Signals in the Ji-
Disaster in Franklin County
Explain the role of the major public health personnel, including the public health nurse, involved in the disaster.
There are many expectations of the public health personnel in such a situation. The major one is to take care of the security of the affected right on the spot. In addition, the general welfare of the whole society is also a role that the personnel have to play immediately. Moreover, it is imperative that the personnel also give attention to any future issues that may arise in relation to the disaster. In this instance, the nurse is also part of this team and, therefore, is expected to perform all these obligations (Olson et al. 2010). In this particular disaster, the concerns that required urgent attention were the welfare of the people. These include food and water, which are necessary for the survival of the casualties. Power is also important…...
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References
Couig, M., Johnson, K.A., & Rick, S. (2011). Nursing Scope of Practice Issues in Public Health
Emergencies. Journal Of Nursing Regulation, 2(3), 13.
Olson, D., Scheller, A., Larson, S., Lindeke, L., & Edwardson, S. (2010). Using gaming simulation to evaluate bioterrorism and emergency readiness education. Public Health
The failure to be able to deal with the fallout of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans caused many overstressed hospital workers to respond in what would later be regarded as a horrific manner. Investigators "were stunned when health care workers charged that a well-regarded doctor and two respected nurses had hastened the deaths of some patients by injecting them with lethal doses of drugs" allegedly in an act of mercy due to the inability of rescue workers to evacuate the patients in an effective fashion" (Fink 2009:1). The New Orleans doctor implicated in the patients' deaths argued that "informed consent is impossible during disasters and that doctors need to be able to evacuate the sickest or most severely injured patients last -- along with those who have Do Not esuscitate orders -- an approach that she and her colleagues used as conditions worsened after Katrina," given she believed that…...
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References
Evaluation of hospital disaster drills: A module-based approach. (2011). Agency for Healthcare
Nik and the following is my problem. I have been assigned to a beautiful island in order to help my team, Alex and Chris, set up their work site. Kava, the island itself, is battered with more challenges that I have ever lived with that include tidal waves/tsunami; typhoons/hurricanes; tornadoes; floods; fires; volcanic eruptions; earthquakes. Add to this mixture HIV / AIDS; petroleum spill; high risk for avian flu; and terrorism and you understand why I am queasy about the chances of success and, more so, perplexed about where to start. Aside from the above external problems that impact the project, internal challenges include disorganization of the work location and site; shoddy H procedures, chaotic organizational structure; and non-harmonious workforce that has been reflected in the organization's history of high turnover.
My task, according to Alex and Chris, consists in helping them establish a greater presence in Kava. Ways of…...
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References
MindTools.Com. Paired Comparison Analysis. Retrieved on 2/24/2012 from:
Awareness Campaign
Every individual in this community will face an emergency or disaster that may result in the loss of life, property, or business. Being prepared to react and respond to a natural disaster or emergency is in everyone's interest and that of their community. Emergency management distinguishes the two. Emergencies are " 'routine' adverse events that do not have communitywide impact or do not require extraordinary use of resources…to bring conditions back to normal….what constitutes a disaster depends on…the jurisdiction's size, its resource base, and its experience with a particular hazard….a precept of emergency management that each community establish distinct levels…that define the progression from an emergency to a disaster" (Drabek, xviii). Different disasters have different impacts upon people's responses to them. The "death and devastation of disaster represent the worst of human fears….many costs involved in the various stages of disaster response: the preparatory and preventative, counterdisaster, rescue…...
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References
Drabek, Thomas E. Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association. 1991.
Raphael, Beverly. When Disaster Strikes: How Individuals and Communities Cope with Catastrophe. New York: Basic Books, Inc. 1986.
Sylves, Richard T., and Waugh, William L., Jr. Disaster Management in the U.S. And Canada. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Ltd. 1990.
Katharine, what Montaigne means is that inanity which we human beings are full of is one of those things that makes life worth living. The absurdism and comedy in life and in each other are the things that make life so unique and so worthwhile. In returning to your life, your children, your family and friends, I feel you will be able to rediscover this absurdism, the silliness in yourself and in the people around you. I truly believe that is something which will help you to find joy once again in life, as you were someone who, in the past, appreciated jokes and the inane more than anyone else I knew.
More than anything, Katharine, I ask you to look for courage within yourself. What you're currently trying to work through and live with is not easy by any means. Most people we know have not had to suffer…...
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References
Bakewell, S. How to Live: Or a Life of Montaigne in One Question and Twenty Attempts at .... Essex: Random House, 2011. Web.
LANDFORMS
Barrier island beaches generally develop where:
a The coast is composed of hard rock b the nearby land has a rugged topography of hills and mountains c the sea floor deepens rapidly offshore d The sea floor remains shallow for a long distance offshore
During storms in winter:
a There is a higher percentage of fine-grained sand on beaches
b More erosion occurs in bays than on headlands
c Beaches are eroded d Beaches are built up e Offshore sand bars are destroyed
Along the Midocean ridge
a earthquakes occur b sea floor spreading occurs c volcanism occurs d all the above occur
Where would you find examples of barrier island coasts?
a Oregon
b California
c British Columbia and Alaska
d Texas and the Gulf Coast
e Hawaii
Which of the following boundaries characterize the San Andreas Fault?
a Spreading
b Convergent
c Transform
d None of the above
Construction of dams upstream on rivers may lead to:
a Narrower beaches b Wider beaches c The filling in of…...
Yes, there are several news topics related to adversity that would make for a compelling essay subject. Here are a few examples:
1. The COVID-19 pandemic: You can explore how people worldwide faced numerous adversities due to the pandemic, such as health challenges, economic struggles, mental health issues, and social isolation. You can discuss stories of resilience, innovative solutions, community support, and lessons learned.
2. Climate change and natural disasters: Write about the adversity faced by communities affected by natural disasters like hurricanes, floods, wildfires, or droughts. Discuss the challenges of rebuilding lives, adapting to new circumstances, and finding sustainable solutions to....
I. Introduction A. Explanation of heavy rain B. Importance of discussing heavy rain C. Thesis statement
II. Causes of heavy rain A. Weather patterns B. Climate change C. Urbanization
III. Effects of heavy rain A. Floods B. Landslides C. Destruction of property
IV. Impact on society A. Disruption of daily life B. Economic consequences C. Health risks
V. Mitigation strategies A. Improving drainage systems B. Implementing flood control measures C. Public awareness and education
VI. Conclusion A. Recap of key points B. Call to action for addressing heavy rain issues
VI. Conclusion A. Recap of key points regarding heavy rain and its causes, effects, and....
Planning for the Future: Lessons from the Headlines
In an era marked by rapid technological advancements, geopolitical shifts, and environmental challenges, effective planning has become more essential than ever. The news headlines are replete with stories that highlight the importance of foresight and adaptability in navigating an increasingly complex world.
Climate Change Adaptation
The devastating effects of climate change are making it imperative for communities and governments to plan for extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and other climate-related risks. The recent floods in Pakistan, which displaced millions of people and caused widespread damage, serve as a sobering reminder of the urgent need....
Certainly! Here are a few potential essay topics related to deforestation:
1. The impact of deforestation on global climate change 2. The effects of deforestation on biodiversity and ecosystem health 3. The role of deforestation in contributing to natural disasters such as floods and landslides 4. The economic consequences of deforestation for local communities and industries 5. The social and cultural implications of deforestation for indigenous peoples and their traditional ways of life 6. The potential solutions and strategies for combating deforestation and promoting sustainable land management 7. The ethical considerations of deforestation and the responsibility of individuals and governments to protect forests 8. The relationship between deforestation....
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