French and Indian War
Cultural Analysis of French and Indian War

The French and Indian War is considered to be part of Seven Years War that took place from 1756 till 1763. It is one of the most fierce and bloodiest battles that ever took place and in which thousands of people were killed. Participants of the war included French, Indians and ritish. It is believed that the war was fought in order to gain control over North America and clash over colonies between France and England over power and wealth.

The French and Indian War

The French and Indian War is considered to be part of Seven Years War that took place from 1756 till 1763. It is one of the most fierce and bloodiest battles that ever took place and in which thousands of people were killed. Participants of the war included French, Indians and ritish. It is believed that the war…...

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Bibliography

Anderson, Fred (2000). Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766. New York: Knopf.

Anderson, Fred (2005). The War that Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War. New York: Viking.

Axtell, James. The Invasion Within. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Brumwell, Stephen (2006). Redcoats: The British Soldier and War in the Americas, 1755-1763. Cambridge University Press.

French Revolution and its Enlightenment ideas about nationalism, universal rights and equal citizenship for all was extremely influential at the time it occurred, and was widely studied and imitated afterwards. Liberals and radicals in Europe, and increasingly the rest of the world, always recognized that the French Revolution was somehow uniquely theirs, especially in its attempt to end feudalism, state-supported churches, and the entrenched privileges of monarchs and aristocracies. It led to an expansion of commerce, industry, science and public education, and also created a new class of small farmers who owned land (Furet 35). It established the idea for the first time that women, the lower classes and religious and ethnic minorities should have equal right under the law, and that slavery and serfdom should be abolished forever. Conservatives who opposed the French Revolution, especially supporters of the monarchy and the Catholic Church, continued to oppose it throughout the…...

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WORKS CITED

Balibar, Etienne and Immanuel Wallerstein. Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. Verso, 1991.

Barber, K.M. "The Idea of a Declaration of Rights" in G. Kates (Ed). The French Revolution: Recent Debates and New Controversies. Routledge, 1998: 91-142.

Freeman, M.A. Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Approach, 2nd Edition. Polity Press, 2011.

Furet, Francois. "The French Revolution Revisited" in Kates: 71-90.

French Foreign Legion l. Jones
The French Foreign Legion

For many, the French Foreign Legion evokes images of adventure, perhaps men traipsing over sand dunes in khaki knickers, and flapped white hats -- tough, and a bit, shall we say, unorthodox in a mercenary kind of way. However, the French Foreign Legion was, and continues to be, a legitimate fighting force, unique to France and the French experience, while still capturing the collective imagination of the world. Yet, the Legion's colonial legacy has in the past, and continues in the present, to complicate other nation's attitudes about the force. Not only does this effect the historical perception of the organization, but its legitimacy in current world affairs.

The Legion was founded in the year 1831 by King Louis Philippe. Although, without question, the Legion is patently French in its ideology, loyalty, and outlook, it is actually an international band of soldiers, joined together…...

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Works Cited

Embassy of France in the United States. "The French Foreign Legion Code of Honor." 2001. Retrieved from Web site on April 13, 2004  http://www.info-france-usa.org/atoz/legion/code.asp 

Gilbert, Nils. "The French Foreign Legion. 2000. Retrieved from Web site on April 13, 2004  http://mitglied.lycos.de/DSA_00_1/doku4/thefrenchlegion.dwt 

Jones, Colin. "The Conflict in Vietnam. Website. 1998. Retrieved from Web site on April 13, 2004 http://8thwood.com/conflict_in_vietnam.htm

Mail and Guardian Online. "Ivory Coast." 10 February 2003. Retrieved from Web site on April 13, 2004 http://www.africanconflict.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=620

Quoting Edith Cresson, the first female Prime Minister of France, the difference is that "French men and women liked and needed each other." At least we may be happy that feminism and freedom of women is more in France than at anywhere else because the contrast with Anglo-Saxon attitudes is noteworthy and this shows that the French women do not see themselves as generically the victims of men. (McIntyre, 1996) on the other hand the harassment laws in France are far stricter than other countries. This information is vital for understanding why the problem of a simple thing like a head scarf made mandatory for women creates a furor. Can such a situation be overcome?
2. Is France capable of overcoming this rigidity, or is it doomed to struggle unsuccessfully with these challenges?

There are some answers to this question one of them being the possibility of increasing the employment level…...

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References

Bell, J. Bowyer; Horowitz, Irving Louis. (1979) "Assassin: theory and practice of political violence." Transaction Publishers: New Brunswick, New Jersey.

Boltho, Andrea (2001). "Economic Policy in France and Italy since the War: Different

Stances, Different Outcomes?" Journal of Economic Issues, vol. 35, no. 3, pp: 712-715.

Boucher, Eric Le. (2004) "Les New Miserables." Foreign Policy, vol. 140, no. 1, pp: 81-

In conclusion, the French evolution introduced not only in France but the entire western world to the concept of political revolution at the hands of the lower classes. It also provided some hard-earned lessons on what exactly makes up a democracy where all citizens are treated fairly and equally. In addition, the revolution brought to light the idea that a nation such as France is constructed of more than just citizens loyal or disloyal to a particular monarchy, for it is in reality a social system where all the people must be free to choose their own destinies.

Of course, many scholars have taken on the question as to whether the French evolution could have been prevented, but due to the conditions within France before the outbreak of revolt, it is clear that such a thing was impossible. Undoubtedly, the monarchy of Louis XVI was greatly responsible for the revolution as…...

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References

Forsyth, Murray. (1987), Reason and revolution: The political thought of Abbe Sieyes, Leicester University Press, New York.

Gershoy, Leo. (1957), the era of the french revolution: 1789-1799, Van Nostrand, New York.

Hunt, Lynn. (1984), Politics, culture and class in the french revolution, Longman, London.

Lefbvre, Georges. (1969), the french revolution: From 1793 to 1799, Routledge & Kegan Paul, New York.

French-English elations in Canada
In the 20th century, Canada has two significant relationships in foreign policy -- one with the UK and one with the U.S.A. The UK essentially set Canada's foreign policy "during the decades following Confederation" -- a fact which tested Canadian loyalty and Canadian unity (since it was, number one, a policy that meant to look out for the best interests of the UK). In the latter half of the 20th century, however, French-English relations in Canada experienced a very serious strain. This paper will analyze and discuss that strain, showing how it came about and what it entails.

While at the beginning of the 20th century, the Canadian census reported that almost 90% of all Canadian peoples were of French or British heritage, the complete emphasis of foreign policy upon British inheritance certainly set the tone for the straining of French-English relations in Canada. This was a reflection…...

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Reference List

"Challenges and Opportunities." (n.d.). Canadian Studies. Retrieved from http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/history30/fram5_10.html

"External Forces and Domestic Realities." (n.d.). Canadian Studies. Retrieved from http://www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/history30/fram3_4.html

9 for example, the Congregation of the Holy Ghost, formed through the union of an earlier society of priests of the Holy Spirit (founded by Claude-Francois Poullart des Places) and the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (founded by Francois-Marie-Paul Libermann in 1841), was influenced by the Sulpician and Eudist transmission of the French School through Libermann (1802-50), who was trained at St. Sulpice and was formed by the Olierian and Eudist spiritualities. Libermann is representative of this wider, more dispersed transmission of the French School. His independence from it is great, and his charisma quite original, stressing especially the active apostolate, but still believes in the same principles of Christocentrism and Marian piety of the founding mystics. This more diffuse "Berullianism" could be applied to the numerous priests, nuns, brothers, seminarians, students, and so forth, who have come under the influence of the religious families. Viewed in…...

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Daniel a. Helminiak: Catholicism's Spiritual Limbo: A Shift in "Incarnational" Spirituality http://www.spiritualitytoday.org/spir2day/873944helminiak.html

Bernard Tenailleau, "Father Libermann's Spirituality," Spiritans Today 4 (1985): 49-76

Jordan Aumann, Christian Spirituality in the Catholic Tradition (San Francisco: Ignatius, 1985), p. 218.

Lawrence iver. Then there are basilicas, museums, and the Ice Hotel plus countless dining, wining and shopping opportunities. When you factor in the day trips to local ski resorts, you can have an unrivaled city-ski break" (the Mail on Sunday, 2006).
The educational system in Quebec is once again the result of cultural interactions between the French and the English, but the most significant part was played by the Americans, who left an impressive mark onto the Canadian education. "The evolution of the French Canadian college is not unlike that of the American" (Charlemagne Bracq, 1924, p. 296) foreign manager arriving in the Quebec Province would be presented with an opportunity to further develop his studies within highly specialized scholarly institutions, teaching in both French and English. The region also offers educational programs especially designed for the immigrants in the country.

Quebec is internationally recognized as a center of education. "Quebec…...

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References

Charlemagne Bracq, J., the Evolution of French Canada, the Macmillan Company, 1924

Mcconaghy, T., a Blueprint for Restructured Education in Quebec, Phi Delta Kappan, Volume 78, 1996

Nuechterlein, J., Oh, Canda, First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life, Number 75, August- September 1997

Immigration Quebec, Official Website of the Government of Quebec, on April 7, 2008http://www.immigration-quebec.gouv.qc.calastaccessed

The bourgeoisie was about to grow as commerce increased and the industrial revolution had a larger and larger influence.
Appreciation of the individual was a far stronger trend in the French Revolution than class (Furet, 1989). Instead of class struggle and growing communist ideas, the French Revolution was arguably most influenced by the Enlightenment, particularly as expressed by Rousseau (Censer, 2003). Some historians view industry and commerce as being the strongest social influence at the time, as the middle class grew, industry expanded -- especially printing, which promoted the exchange of ideas and new importance for free speech, and the growth of commerce (Censer, 2003) more than social movements. This increased importance of the individual was also reflected in the desire to have more equitable access to the courts. The influence of seeing individuals as important, no matter what their class, is a pattern that exists throughout the events of…...

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Bibliography

Barker, Nancy N. 1993. "Let them eat cake': the mythical Marie Antoinette and the French Revolution." Historian, Summer.

Censer, Jack R. 2003. "Amalgamating the social in the French Revolution - Social History and Standard Topics."

Journal of Social History, Fall.

Crubaugh, Anthony. 2000. "Local Justice and Rural Society in the French Revolution." Journal of Social History, Winter.

These and other devices combine to give the sense of a film as a kind of assemblage - different bits of the material world put together in a particular way." (BFI, 1) The moment of silence is famously divergent from the formula of sound presentation. By cutting the soundtrack altogether, Godard boldly pulls back the curtain on the process, making a very clear mechanical maneuver with a poignant emotional impact on the viewer. The moment of silence is oddly deafening, with nothing but the suspended expressions on the characters and the movements around them suggesting nothing in the way of an actual experience, with such silence in a busy cafe being impossible. Instead, the experience is purely emotional, with the tension of this silence weighing heavily on the viewer. Ultimately, the impact is a surprising lack of conscientiousness for the viewer as to the audio device engaged. Instead, the…...

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Works Cited:

Ankeny, J. (2008). Alain Resnais. The New York Times.

British Film Institute (BFI). (2007). Paris Match: Godard and Cahiers. Sight & Sound.

Brody, R. (2008). Everything Is Cinema: The Working Life of Jean-Luc Godard. Metropolitan Books.

Douchet, J. & Bononno, R. (1999). The French New Wave. D.A.P./Distibuted Art Publishers, Inc.

French Civilization
True

Edith Piaf

True

True

True

Louis XIV

a Berlioz

Debussy

Ravel

Satie

True

Josephine Baker

Django Reinhart & Stephane Grappelli

Johnny Hallyday

MC Solaar

Francoise Hardy

Serge Gainsbourg

Pulsar

Khaled

Louis XIV

Racine -- Phedre, Corneille -- Le Cid, Moliere -- Tartuffe

False

True

Moulin Rouge, Folies Bergeres

Beckett, Ionesco

Avignon

Lully

Carmen -- Bizet

Orphee en enfers -- Offenbach

Pierre Beauchamp recorded the first five classic feet positions of ballet

Coluche

Debbouze

Joly

We watch this to see what a corporate American remake of a French story might look like. We don't learn much from watching this film, at least nothing that would not be learned by reading the original work by Dumas. An open-ended question like "what kind of questions are raised…" is absurd. Any one human being could ask a million different types of questions about this film. The prompt really needs to be more specific here. I could ask some questions -- is that what is required? A question might be about the cultural and social situation surrounding d'Artagnan that would compel him to want to leave…...

French Revolution
Citizens known as sans-culottes or peasants in the countryside, their role in fueling the French Revolution is inestimable. However, it is quite important to emphasize throughout the paper the areas and periods of the Revolution where they helped trigger events and differentiate these periods from those where they were used as a manipulative mass by the political factions that were leading the country. Less evident for peasants, the manipulation of the sans-culottes into reaching the political desiderates and eliminating the political competition is quite obvious. Further more, it is often the case that the sans-culottes and the people were used as sympathetic forms of defense, as is the case for Danton, and that they sustained governmental changes, as is the case for the proclamation of the Republic and Robespierre's downfall.

In order to approach and discuss the presence and import of the people during the French Revolution, we need to…...

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Works Cited

1. Andress, David. "Dismantling the 'Revolutionary Crowd: collective violence and Parisian politics 1789-1791." Lecture at the University of Portsmouth

2. Schama, Simon. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (New York; Alfred A. Knopf, 1992)

3. Hibbert, Christopher. The Days of the French Revolution (New York; William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1980)

4.  http://www.historywiz.com

French Colonization: The Eurocentric Perspective vs. The Revisionist perspective
Colonization takes place when some people staunchly believe that the culture they are a part of and the lifestyle they follow is better, beneficial and therefore must be adopted by those that have a foreign feeling towards theirs. As Some comments in his magnum opus, Of ater and the Spirit, while explaining what happens under 'colonization',

Colonization begins from a feeling of superiority in estern, in this case exclusively European, countries; they believe in their right to own the land inhabited by others. A secondary but nonetheless important assumption under colonialism is the belief that the European culture is better, more productive and beneficial to its members. Hence it is justified in the minds of the colonizers that they enter a foreign land, displace the indigenous peoples from their homes and strip them of their cultures. Despite the fact that these cultures, with…...

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Works Cited

Sullivan H. Should We Seek Truth in Some's Magic? Retrieved September 19, 2003 at http://dickinsg.intrasun.tcnj.edu/diaspora/heatherwater.html

French Colonization. Retrieved September 19, 2003 at http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/ibex/archive/IDOT/idot3.htm

Wood M.E., Against the Current.

Athar S. Reflections of an American Muslim. Retrieved September 20, 2003 at  http://islam-usa.com/r19.html

Symbolism first developed in poetry, where it spawned free verse. Forefathers included the poets Baudelaire, Verlaine, and Rimbaud; practitioners included Laforgue, Moreas, and Regnier. The Swiss artist Arnold Becklin is perhaps the most well-known Symbolist painter; his pictures are like allegories without keys, drenched in melancholy and mystery. Other artists working in this vein include Odilon Redon and Gustave Moreau. The Surrealists drew heavily on the Symbolists later on.
Catalan Artists

Catalan masters played a major role in the development of 20th Century modern art in many fields. For example, modernism expressed by Gaudi, Rusinol, Gimeno, Camarasa, Picasso, Nonell or Miro epitomized the efforts of the Catalan people. Still, most of them expressed their talents outside Spain in Paris where many of them lived and worked before going home to continue their expression. Like anyone honing a craft, they needed a foundation of knowledge for their art and Paris offered this…...

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Works Cited

2000. Catalan Masters. Available at http://www.artcult.com/na125.html. Accessed on 9 January 2005.http://www.artcult.com/na125.html"

2002. Notes on Picasso: Important Terms, People, and Events. Available at   Accessed January 2005.http://www.tamu.edu/mocl/picasso/archives/2002/opparch02-281.html .

Art Nouveau in Catalonia. Available at Accessed 9 January 2005.http://www.gaudialigaudi.com/A0003.htm;.

Catalan Painting. Available at   Accessed January 2005.http://www.mnac.es/eng/dinou/s6.htm .

There were several battles therefore that took place between France, Great ritain and American war ships. These battles occurred in European waters as well as in waters in the western hemisphere.
The most challenging ritish action was an order permitting seizure of neutral ships either sending food and supplies to France or trading goods produced in French colonies, above all the West Indies. When ritain obstructed French ships in the French harbors early in the French Revolution, American merchants moved swiftly to take over commerce in the West Indies. These American merchant ships were subject to seizure. The ritish Navy took approximately 300 American ships and forced thousands of captured American sailors to serve on ritish ships. When American tried to negotiate with ritain, France became outraged, which prompted France to start seizing American ships and the attempts to negotiate with France were utterly ineffective. France then started to imagine…...

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Bibliography

Bukovansky, Mlada. Legitimacy and Power Politics: The American and French

Revolutions in International Political Culture (Princeton Studies in International

History and Politics). NJ: Princeton University Press, 2009.

Mintz, Steven. "The Critical Period: American in the 1780s: Economic and Foreign

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While it is impossible to escape the similarities between the French Revolution and American Revolution and there is no question that the American Revolution helped inspire the French Revolution, there are a number of important differences between the French and American revolution.

Location was an important difference.  America was a colony that was revolting against a ruling government that was separated from it by a large distance, while the French Revolution occurred in France and was aimed at the monarchy in that country.

Social class played a much more important role in the French Revolution than the American Revolution. ....

Louis XIV and Charles II were both monarchs at the time of significant civic unrest and allegations of government overreach and abuse, and, as such, they have many similarities.  However, the differences between the two monarchs are notable as well.  The individual differences may not be as meaningful as understanding their differences when placed into the context of the French and English monarchies and also what was happening in their countries during their reign.

Charles II was the king of England after a bloody English civil war that resulted in the execution of his father Charles....