Global Trade Essays (Examples)

The majoity of tade baies have been developed ove yeas, and ae theefoe deeply ingained in the business wold of the counties concened. This is anothe facto in the collapse of the Wold Tade negotiations.

An encouaging sign is that measues ae aleady in place to accommodate developing counties in the Wold Tade Oganization system. One of these measues is Special and Diffeential Teatment. This means that developing counties ae teated diffeently fom developed counties in ode to help them with compliance and othe issues. One of the most impotant examples is that developing counties ae povided with pefeential maket access though schemes such as the Genealized System of Pefeences. Futhemoe, developing counties eceive time concessions and technical aid in implementing WTO Ageements.

Accoding to the above, the main poblem in the lack of focus seen in the Wold Tade negotiations is a basic lack of mutual undestanding of the…

Spices Tea impacted global trade. eference Book: A History World Societies, Eighth Edition, Volume 1 by: McKay, Hill, Buckler, Ebrey, Beck, Crowston, & Wiesner-Hanks

Discuss why and how spices and tea impacted global trade

Given the fact that almost every person in the developed world today has coffee, tea, and spices in his or her pantry, the obsession with travel to the Near East to obtain such spices and beverages during the Age of Discovery seems mysterious in retrospect. While the desire to find gold and silver was also a factor, "most of the explorers had the immediate task of finding a direct route to India and the Far East in order to obtain spices such as pepper, cinnamon, nutmeg, ginger and cloves. There are over 250 varieties of spices native to the East" (Lecture 2: The age of discovery, 2012, History Guide). Finding spices was difficult because of the…

Spices Tea impacted global trade. eference Book: A History World Societies, Eighth Edition, Volume 1 by: McKay, Hill, Buckler, Ebrey, Beck, Crowston, & Wiesner-Hanks

By the time of the death of Chinggis, the Mongol Empire stretched from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Caspian Sea in the west. How can we account for this astounding expansion?

"Perhaps no empire in history has risen so spectacularly as that of the Mongols. In less than 80 years, a band of warriors originally comprised of several men grew to an empire that encompassed all from the Pacific Ocean to the Danube iver" (The Mongol Empire, 2001, All Empires). The reasons for the domination of the Mongols are rooted partially in their superior military and tactical skills. In contrast to the heavy armor of medieval knights, Mongols dressed lightly and rode small, speedy horses. Their austere lifestyle made them well-suited to battle.…

1.
Substitute strategy or substitution strategy was put in place by Brazil’s government following the 1930’s Great Depression because of the disastrous turn of events in its economy. With coffee being its main exporter at the time, Brazil had to change its economy. It did so during this time by creating an import substation strategy where the government would invest a massive amount of money and targeted key industries. Along with the investments and focus in other areas, Brazil’s government also safeguarded against competition using high tariff walls.

The article notes that the strategy worked for four decades. Brazil saw a 7% growth from 1950 to 1980. The strategy also led to the creation of a diversified and large industrial sector. However, in the 1980’s inflation soared, and disaster came once again. Along with high inflation, investment fell due to the fear of foreign investors in Brazil’s economy. As a…

However, this is hardly enough to address further issues across the world economy, including poverty.

Despite the fact that trade has become significantly facilitated by the regulating authorities, it is also true that most member countries are developed countries, while developing countries receive very little in terms of policies to facilitate their international relationships within the trading regime. This has been the paradigm since the inception of the global trade regime. Powerful member countries as it were tended to control the regime.

Currently, the United States is at the most powerful relational position within the trade regime. As such, the country's voting power within the MF and World Bank remains significant, as does the fact of its privilege in the financial regime. The regime is structured in such a way that developed countries enjoy privileges that poorer countries do not. Because it can take advantage of the international strength of…

Significance of the Study

This study is significant because it sheds light on a very important contributor to local and international trade. Trade fairs have a long history in providing a meeting place for buyers and sellers. They are an important channel of communication for B2B buyers and sellers. This is a significant area for study because there are limited channels of communication between B2B buyers and sellers. The previous sections have diversified the importance of communication to trade. B2B buyers and sellers cannot use mass channels of communication such as television advertising or newspaper advertising. In this market usage of personal visits and demonstrations are the common channels of marketing and communication. The B2B selling and marketing activities are less highlighted in research than B2C activities. Therefore, this study is significant because it explores a very important channel of marketing and communication in the B2B market.

The study is…

Combined with the increasing prevalence of regional trading blocs, higher transportation costs may result in a move towards regional production rather than global. In other respects, however, Lonely Planet's business will remain essentially unchanged over the coming years.

Conclusion

The globalization of international trade has had a profound impact on Lonely Planet's operations. It has allowed the company to use offshore production centers that are capable of serving the global market. The monetary flows even at a relatively simple, one-product firm like LPP illustrate the degree to which economies around the world are intertwined. The company receives monetary inflows from dozens of nations, and disperses monetary flows to dozens more. Including small flows, the operations of Lonely Planet contribute to the economy of nearly every nation on earth.

The recent changes with respect to the global economy will continue to impact operations into the coming years, affecting the firm's ability…

That is supposed to have become one market which does not entail any tariff distinctions between the nations. But it should be noted that some of the analysts feel that it will never become a single entity market, but will remain separated into different varying national markets. The reason is being ascribed to "cultural, informational, logistic barriers and perhaps remaining discriminatory barriers all of which imply an incurable tendency to award contracts to local suppliers." (Is Culture a Major Barrier to a Single European Market? The Case of Public Purchasing)

The general aim of free trade has however changed and it is now not limited any more to the removal of barriers in being able to sell the products made in one country to other countries of the world. This is considered to be even more important for that of the developing countries wherein their progress in development made however…

This behavio is not consideed dishonest; in fact, and Indian peson would be consideed ude if he o she did not ty to attempt to give a peson what has been equested.

Anothe vey impotant aspect of business cultue in India is the meeting etiquette. Meeting Etiquette is influenced by all sots of cultual elements descibed above, including social class. Fo example, in India, one must geet the eldest o moe senio fist, and when leaving a goup each peson must bid faewell individually. Though shaking hands is common, this is only in big cities, whee the natives ae accustomed to Westenes. Men and women, howeve, do not usually shake hands.

The next pat of the business cultue is knowing Indian names, and whee they oiginate. Accoding to one aticle, names ae based upon "eligion, social class, and egion of the county." Fo Hindus fo example, in the noth, people…

Global Strategies

Global Management Strategies

Involvement in the global economy is inherently risky but also carries a number of distinct opportunities for those who venture thusly. According to our research, as highlighted in the text by Dess & Lumpkin (2002), there are four distinct management strategies for entering into the international trade. Accordingly, these are identified as exporting; licensing and franchising; strategic alliances and joint ventures, and; wholly owned subsidiaries.

Exporting:

Exporting is perhaps the most common avenue for engaging in the global trade. Many domestic companies rely on target populations in foreign countries in order to meet core sales expectations. And as the article by Delaney (2010) notes, many of these companies will use intermediary export companies or agencies in order to reach broad customer bases. Indeed, this is the most notable advantage of the approach, which enables a company to bring its products to a decidedly wider base…

Trade Act of 1974 on Euro exchange rates?

Free Trade has been a key agenda for the past three presidents. In an expanding global market, tariffs and trade policies are more important today than they have been in the past. More and more countries are forming alliances such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Asian Alliance, and the European Union (EU). These trade agreements are meant to level the playing for all countries, both industrialized and emerging countries.

President Bush's trade policy is aimed at helping to generate American jobs, open markets to American products, and provide economic growth. Sometimes massive increases in imports can have a devastating effect on U.S. industries. [This has been the case for the U.S. steel Industry and is the issue addressed in Section 203 (B) (1) of the Trade Act of 1974. Foreign steel makers have had the luxury of government…

global trends in public relations?

ecent years have seen a dramatic transformation in the nature and scope of public relations all over the world. This transformation has been affected by several key changes in the environment such as the growth of global trade, free markets and the Information Age. But perhaps the most significant change is the increasing concern over the impact of organizations on the social fabric of which they are a part. Thus, the changes in the functioning of societies and economies has led to public relations becoming one of senior management's dominant concerns, calling for practitioners to acquire new knowledge and skills. Indeed, this is evident in the shift of perspective in the field from information dissemination and organizational stakeholder relations to mediating relations between organizations and constituent groups over major social issues (Brody, 1987, p. 1-2).

The globalization of business has also led to widening the…

Diversity

Global Awareness and Cultural and Racial Diversity

The need to successfully promote global awareness and cultural and racial diversity took on a completely new meaning recently. "There are over six billion people on this planet we call Earth. Diversity is more than just a notion. The term diversity has been defined by Merriam-ebster online as meaning 'differing from one another or unlike. Composed of distinct or unlike elements or qualities', this word is also used to simply mean different." (Burns) By Barak Obama becoming the nation's first black president, we have forever changed the nation's future; but in a sense, this momentous election will also alter how we will forever look at our nations past history. For more than two hundred years, the United States of America was traditionally managed by older white guys and by them being in charge, the world's thinking was shaped. The expectations of every…

Economics

There is a concerted effort to bring developing nations into the global trade system. There are certainly success stories of nations that have been able to enjoy advantages from joining this system -- China in particular comes to mind -- but there is room for debate as to whether or not the neoliberal trade system is actually desirable for developing nations. There are a lot of issues at play, starting with the basic economics.

In general, the theory of comparative advantage argues that nations should open up trade, so that they can produce the goods in which they have a comparative advantage and sell them to buy the goods in which they do not. There are some fairly significant real world limitations to this theory, however. One is that trade is usually governed by absolute competitive advantage, not comparative advantage. If a company wants a good at a low…

Trade Flows Compare and Contrast the International Trade FlowsIntroductionMultiple factors determine international trade flows; among them are demand, supply, trade costs, cultural connections, and government policies. The influences of these factors vary based on the groupings that different nations have. For EU grouping, the principal objective is the promotion and facilitation of cooperation among the territorial members. EU members like France and Germany join the grouping with similar objectives of expanding their economic performance, such as enhancing imports and exports.For France, major exports from 2010 to 2018 have been to Germany with a value of US$ 82,989 million, representing a 16.22 percent partner share. The imports were equally from Germany, worth US$ 103,434 million, and 17.26 percent partner share. The major export for France between the years was Aircraft worth US$ 35,831,627.11 million, with a significant portion going to Germany and the United States. The major imports included petroleum and…

Global Marketing

According to Cleveland and Laroche (2007), the global consumer is characterized as someone who fits in with global consumer culture. This is a culture that has certain characteristics that are static internationally, such that the global consumer can be subject to global marketing. The global consumer is understood in contrast to the local consumer. The local consumer bears strong characteristics of the local market, in their tastes and buying patterns. The global consumer trends more towards international norms. The global consumer is aware of and has some preference for international products and bears similarity to international buying patterns. In essence, the global consumer in Shanghai will have tastes and characteristics that relate more to other global consumers in Vancouver, London or Mumbai than to the people of the local Shanghai market.

Global consumers have emerged as the result of two key trends, identified in Czinkota and onkainen (2013).…

Global Business

When businesses go international, they have to operate in a more competitive, uncertain, and risky business environment. The forces present in the Global environment bring a number of challenges for the businesses; making it more difficult for them to maintain their market share, enhance profitability, and keep the customers satisfied (Cherunilam, 2007). To compete successfully and ensure a sustainable future in the international markets, business organizations have to analyze these forces carefully and strategize accordingly. Globalization has also impacted the way countries use to recognize themselves as internationally competitive and advanced than other countries (Tellis, Stremersch, & Yin, 2003).

This paper presents a comprehensive discussion on the positive and negative impacts of Globalization and the efforts which nations and business organizations make in order to become internationally competitive and keep up pace with the Globalization. The paper starts with a brief description of different environmental forces that are…

Global Human Resources Management

The objective of this work is to describe International Human Resources Management and concerns about effective human resources management in the global environment. The factors that most strongly influence HRM in international markets will be discussed as well as will differences among countries that affect HR planning at organizations with international operations. As well, this work will describe how differences among countries affect HR planning at organizations with international operations. This work will further describe how companies select and train human resources in a global labor market. Discuss challenges related to compensating employees from other countries. Explain how employers prepare managers for international assignments and for their return home.

Effective HR Management in the Global Environment

Development of the global workforce is critically important and it is necessary to acknowledge that these employees work in an environment that is multi-cultural or global and general awareness programs…

Global Organization Analysis

The World Trade Organization, or WTO, has a strong role in promoting international trade (World, 2014). It not only supervises that trade, but also works to make trade more liberal for all countries (World, 2014). Since trade is an excellent way to keep the economies of various countries moving forward and growing, it would make logical sense that the WTO would be encouraging trade in many different capacities. The WTO was created in 1995 and offers a framework whereby countries can formalize and negotiate trade agreements with one another (World, 2014). There is also a process for dispute resolution so there is less risk to the countries who decide to trade with one another (World, 2014). Participating countries have to agree to the WTO requirements and regulations, and the current focus of the WTO is to bring in more developing countries and get them trading so they…

Global Fighter Jets Marketing Plan

Marketing Vision

Global Fighter Jets is poised to provide customers with high-edge military aircraft specifically to combat fighter jet. Our marketing efforts will be geared towards customer's reassurance that we are the first when searching for military fighter jet such as F-35 fighter in Israel. Our key to success will center on the marketing strategy that we will implement, and our marketing strategy is the marketing mix to expand the relationship with existing customers.

Marketing Mix

Global Fighter Jets will use 4Ps as marketing mix, which include Product, Price, Promotion, and Place. Several reasons make the paper to choose 4Ps as marketing strategy.

Product: A product relates to the specifications of goods as related to the satisfaction of customers. The company chooses product as marketing mix to provide combination of quality, brand name and features to launch the product into the market.

Price: The reason…

Global Law and Politics:

Political and legal institutions and communications have played an integral role in the development and provision of legitimacy in contemporary societies. This has been through the development of obligatory collective decisions, general legal principles, exercise of political power, and resolution of conflicts. In the new global system, these legal and political institutions have created and conveyed social values, political power, and social meaning in every sector of the society. Both of the institutions are considered as legitimate because they have been established on core values that are related to essential freedoms, the rule of law, and democracy.

Aspects of a New Global System:

Modern societies across the globe are faced with critical issues and problems that are dealt with at the global level by the establishment of laws and policies, which are developed in various institutions. Global law and politics has had a significant impact on…

Global Gadget Imports

Cooperative marketing is any situation where two or more companies work together to bring a product to market, especially when the brands of both firms are attached to the marketing. Another form of cooperative marketing could be setting up a system whereby firms in an industry are marketing their products together to a common set of customers -- a common example can be found with agricultural cooperatives.

The link provided outlines a cooperative market program at the governmental level that allows vendors to have better access to government customers. The government agencies opt into the program, as do the vendors, and then the agencies outline their needs for vendors. The vendors then have the opportunity to peruse the needs of all of the agencies nationwide and seek out the opportunities that are listed on the cooperative website. For Global Gadgets, such a program would allow GGI to…

Global Business Cultural Analysis

Nigeria

Nigerian History

Synopsis of Nigerian government

Nigerian monarchy to presidential system

The evolution of Nigeria from British control to a civilian democratic government

Nigerian major commodities

Oil

Food

The major elements and dimensions of culture in Nigeria

Cultural dimensions

Individualism

Power distance

Masculinity

Uncertainty

Model of culture

Universalism or Particularize

How is the integration of elements and dimensions that Nigerians doing business in the country?

The effects of governments on the prospects for its business around the world

How the elements and dimensions compared with the United States, culture, and business?

The role of women in the workplace

Business visitors must be dressed in an elegant and tie (for men!)

Cross-cultural business transactions between the United States and Nigeria

Conclusion

eferences

Abstract

Thurstan Shaw and Steve Daniels, who are the founder for archaeological research proved in their research that Nigeria has been developed since 9,000…

International trade permits the companies that interact in the international commercial environment to explore other opportunities existent on the market, and the letter of credit gives advantages for every interested party. Economic growth is enhanced by increased commercial activity, due to some extent to the development of these payment instruments, like the letter of credit.

The letter of credit is used by many commercial players in the world market, especially for the individual advantages and benefits it brings. From the seller's point-of-view, the letter of credit promotes certainty that all the conditions mentioned in the import-export contract are integrally observed, within the established period and the amounts stipulated in the documentation. The Seller may also offer the buyer a supplier credit, having a specific financing method: the submitted documentation is discounted under the particular export letter of credit - in this way, the payment will be made by the payer's…

Despite the positive contributions they generated upon the culture and economy of Singapore, the foreign citizens, mainly Chinese, have also given birth to some less pleasant effects. In terms of education and healthcare, the costs of these types of services increased and in the future could materialize in increased fiscal pressure as a means of covering the expenditures. The housing sector has also been impacted in two manners -- structurally, there has been noticed an increase in facilities used as business 'offices' and secondly, there has been registered an increase in retail prices for the purchase and rental of real estate properties. In terms of language, the 42% immigrants are generally able to become integrated. Crime rates have however increased and nearly one percent of this growth is directly linked to immigration.

eferences:

Abet, C., Localization vs. Globalization, The Architectural eview, Vol. 196, 1994

Brimelow, P., Immigration's Impact on Education…

People and services are not easily moved among the various countries. Although securing work and permits in the United States for Mexican and Canadian immigrants, NAFTA has also caused considerable concern in terms of legislation.

This is particularly the case in Canadian lawmaking. Several disputes resulted from NAFTA trading activities in the country. Such disputes for example include gasoline additives and possible related health concerns and nerve damage (Weintraub, 2004). Canada was also engaged in a long dispute regarding a 27% duty on softwood imports to Canada. This lasted for years before it was finally resolved in 2006. Significantly however, the decision was not ratified by either Canada or the United States (Weintraub, 2004). According to the U.S. Court of International Trade, imposing the duty was contrary to the United States law.

Other problems include the fact that Canada has lost more than 10,000 companies to foreign takeovers since NAFTA…

Many of them are either uddhist or Taoist, and both of these religions teach respect very seriously. In order to understand the idea of respect amongst siblings in the way that the Chinese individuals see it, it becomes necessary to also understand some of the Taoist and uddhist traditions and beliefs. These are not always seen as being very significant, largely because many individuals in the west do not understand Taoism and/or uddhism, and therefore it gets largely ignored. However, it is also important to understand the importance of schooling and how this affects the way that the Chinese individuals think when it comes to the respect that they show to their siblings (ogdan & iklen, 1992).

Integration of the Elements by Locals

Religion and usiness in China

uddhism is the religion that is generally seen in the Chinese culture. uddhists seek an elimination of suffering. The uddha teaches that,…

He disapproved of it because it went against what he termed "conventional wisdom." He was reacting to the views expressed in an article published in Asia Times about the failed expectation of U.S. trade policy. The intended benefits on the U.S. side in trading with China were in two groups. These were the multinational companies, which were set up in China, and the financial institutions, which funded their investments, trade flows and deficits (McCormack).

When Cassidy was the lead negotiator for the U.S.-China 1999 Market Access Agreement and entry into the WTO, he assumed that China would be subjected to the governing laws of international trade (McCormack, 2008). There were encouraging predictions at that time that such entry would increase U.S. exports and American jobs. It would improve trade deficit with China and the "421" safeguard mechanism, focusing on industry, would be enforced by the succeeding president. The safeguards were…

Despite the fact that it is considered to be responsible for the immense inequalities in the economic sector, it also provides the progress for least developed countries and the environment for the maintenance of the developed countries. The existence of trade blocks such as NAFTA or ASEAN are even more reasons to consider globalization as a means of improvement in terms of politics, economic, and social aspects of life.

eferences

ASEAN. N.d. About. 28 September 2011 http://www.asean.org/about_ASEAN.html

Ian Goldin, Kenneth einert. 2006. Globalization for development: trade, finance, aid, igration and policy . World Bank: Palgrave Macmillan, Washington, DC .

D Henwood, 2003. "Beyond Globophobia." The Nation .November 28 September 2011 http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/define/2003/1113globophobia.htm

D. Held,. 2005. Debating Globalization . Polity Press, Cambridge.

Economic Policy, 20 (1) Spring, 72-84

Woods N. 2000a 'The Challenge to International Institutions'. Primary eading.

D Henwood, "Beyond Globophobia." The Nation .November 13, 2003. 28 September 2011

< http://www.globalpolicy.org/globaliz/define/2003/1113globophobia.htm??…

Global Business

Mexico, Japan to Sign Free Trade Agreement

Who are the members of the trade block you have identified?

The members of the trade block identified were the nations of Japan and Mexico who after very difficult negotiations reached a new free trade accord. "Mexico and Japan sign a free trade agreement on Friday that is expected to open a new market for Mexican fruits and vegetables and prompt Japanese factories to move here." (Unknown, 2004) The accord was signed in June of 2004 and will commence in January 2005.

Mexico has several free trade agreements in place world wide and was thought to be out of the trade agreement market. "Mexico, which has 11 free trade agreements with 42 countries, said last year it was taking a break from seeking new accords, saying it wanted to make use of the agreements it has." (Unknown, 2004) Japan on the…

The United States would most likely survive without global food trade because it exports more agricultural products (9.2%) than it imports (4.9%). (CIA - the world factbook) However, the country would be worse off because it would not be trading with the countries that have comparative advantage in producing certain agricultural products and certain products could become scarce and more costly or unavailable.

Food trade has important economic implications because it impacts Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the total market value of all final goods and services produced with a country. One of the components for calculating GDP is exports minus imports. Thus, when a country exports more food than it imports, it increases its GDP and when a country exports less than it imports GDP goes down.

The United States currently imports more than it exports. Estimates for 2007 show imports to be $1.987 trillion while exports were $1.14 trillion…

Global Organizations -- IMF

At the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944, that created the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, the Western capitalist nations sought to avoid a repetition of the events that led to the Great Depression and Second World War by establishing a stable international economic order that was not bound by the rigidity of the pre-1914 gold standard system. The interwar period of 1919-39 was one of economic and politic chaos, featuring deflationary devaluations, closed trading blocs, massive unemployment and the failure of the revived gold standard in 1925-31, which were key factors in the rise of the Nazi regime in Germany in 1933 and the fascist takeover of Japan that began in 1931. President Woodrow Wilson had been an early advocate of free trade and had warned against the nationalism and autarky in economic policies that became the norm in the 1920s and 1930s. Secretary of…

It is likely that the effects of this slowdown will be negligible, therefore.

The Balance of Germany's Trading Partners

Germany maintains an overall trade surplus of approximately a billion dollars, exporting more goods that are produced in Germany than it imports. As the largest European economy with a still-vibrant industrial and manufacturing sector, this trade imbalance is hardly surprising-it is more surprising, in fact, that the surplus is not larger than it currently stands. When it comes to Germany's specific trading partners, there are also few surprises -- the United States is a major importer of German goods, though it exports less to the Germany than do other nations; Spain, France, and Italy also have significant trade relationships with Germany -- all of them are border-sharing neighbors with the country, and all of them also have a trade deficits, importing more German goods than they export back. Given the overall…

One can understand how this occurs from an economic perspective. With globalization, the individual economic entity, be it company, small firm or individual member of society, will no longer interact with the state in the economic field, but rather with one another, and this will occur not in a limited, stately environment, but on a large, unlimited, global scale. At the same time, globalization goes hand in hand with liberalization, which means that in the global economic environment, the nation state loses its role as a centralized and regulatory authority in the economic events, as the economic entities will be able regulate the market freely, through their own interaction.

The hyper globalization thesis also argues that the globalization phenomenon is likely to significantly impact the nation state's regulatory ability in all areas ranging from labor to environmental regulations and to taxation. The logical reasoning for this is simple: globalization proposes…

"The creation of new jobs overseas will eventually lead to more jobs and higher incomes in the United States...An open economy leads to concentrated costs (and diffuse benefits) in the short-term and significant benefits in the long-term. Protectionism generates pain in both the short-term and the long-term." (Drezner, 2004, p.1) in short, what is good for commerce abroad will, in a free market, eventually yield dividends for the American consumer at home.

The allegation that globalization costs workers their jobs is not a new one, however. Even before outsourcing, it was alleged that globalization allowed American businesses to profit off of the lower wages in developing nations, and exploit the labor in these low-wage countries, particularly of poorly paid industrial workers such as women and children. According to anti-globalization activist Robert eissman, "the last 20 years of corporate globalization, even measured by the preferred indicators of the International Monetary Fund…

In a slumping economy, imports decrease, but exports may hold steady. Another way in which the business cycle is related to the current account is that measure taken to address business cycle issues, such as trade barriers, subsidies or exchange rate policy can impact the current account by altering the balance of trade. However, it would take a substantial change in the business cycle in order to affect the current account at this point. The country would need to reduce imports dramatically, as happened in Argentina following their currency collapse. Regular business cycle shifts will impact the current account but the deficit is presently so large that it these impacts will not reverse the current trends unless the change in the business cycle is catastrophic.

hat is the relationship between a country's net financial inflows & its current account?

The relationship between the net financial flow and the current account…

Conclusion:

The resolution of this policy counsel meeting is the endorsement of a refinement of Australia's terror policy with respect both to the preservation of constitutional rights and in terms of approach its relationship to the United States with balance and diplomacy. Recognizing the severity the security threat but simultaneously recognizing the need to refine policies so as to diminish the tendency toward inflaming the political and ideological anger of the developing world, Australia must spend the coming decades finding ways to quell such hostility. This will mean a closer consideration of the economic, political and trade policies that often have run aground of the interests of the developing world. Likewise, it means that Australia must function as a continued partner to the U.S. But also as a voice of conscience with respect to the discretionary use of military force or diplomatic finesse.

orks Cited:

Aly, a. (2007). Australian Muslim…

Of course, consumers knowing the country of origin of Toyota vehicles have done little to harm the dominance of that car over traditional American manufacturers like GM and Ford. But in some instances, if a particular nation has received bad press regarding its labor practices, mandatory labeling as an imported good might act as an additional invisible trade barrier. Also, if a nation is being subject to a particularly damaging round of international publicity regarding other aspects of its international policy, this may lead to a boycott of the nation's goods, and thus invisible tariffs can be constructed through simply the apparently innocuous policy of labeling nation's country of origin, in the supposed interest of consumer information.

orks Cited

Fliess, Barbara Carlos Busquets "The Role of Trade Barriers." OECD Trade Policy

orking Paper No. 45. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2006. 7 Mar 2007. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/34/25/37872326.pdf

Jennings, Horace. "Brazilian trade…

What must however be noted is that globalization has sadly enough also had some negative impacts. Probably the most relevant example in this sense has been the emergence of a war on terrorism in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Such actions are indeed linked to international law, which did stir up controversy but did not prevent the emergence of the war. "Terror can be regarded as a direct attack on global civil society, a way of creating fear and insecurity that are the opposite of civil society" (Kaldor, 2003). The final impact is that of major disruption in the consolidation of a strong global civil society.

eference:

Kaldor, M., 2003, the Idea of Global Civil Society, International Affairs, Vol.…

Using this concept, further solutions to this problem can be solicited. By continuing to involve states, NGOs, and IGOs, a solution to this problem can be achieved eventually, but only through community response. Researchers can continue to work toward discovering scientific solutions, NGOs and IGOS can offer incentives for companies and individuals to adopt new greenhouse gas cutting policies, and governments can enforce these policies. The global nature of this problem, in addition to the global community response that fostered both the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol exemplifies the importance of global community in dealing with this international issue.

A second global problem, the peak oil crisis, has established itself as a prime example of the need for global community and global community responses in this age of globalization. Since the use of fossil fuels for energy production first became mainstream, scientists and government officials knew…

Policies need be established that dictate how currency is used (Homaifar, 2003).

Trends in international banking suggests that within Europe while the euro may still be the standard currency used, often throughout the world and in international banks generally, much of currency is denominated in the form of dollars (Bertuch-Samuels & amlogan, 2007; Homaifar, 2003). The United States dollar has represented the gold standard among international financial institutions because the U.S. has relatively little exchange rate fluctuation, which lowers the potential risk within the international financial marketplace. To gain operational independence and affirm prices will remain stable, banks want to ensure the currency they use is issued in a country that is stable and holds prestige (Homaifar, 2003). This can easily be assessed by evaluating a country's financial systems, determining whether the banking systems are strong and offer policies and provisions for conducting business using foreign currency as well as…

S.$1 = 80.38 JPY (Japanese Yen). However, the current economic crisis in the United States and in major world economies including the European Union, combined with the post-tsunami economic consequences within Japan has made the exchange rates highly volatile and fluctuating. In order to avoid exchange rate risks, the company will make all transactions in one standard currency that is U.S. dollars. Moreover, in order to avoid exchange rate risks AKJT Inc. will use hedging approach, while netting approach will also be used where necessary. Hedging approach will be more pragmatic for the company as the company will be taking financial loans from international financial institutions (IXGW, 2011).

Generation of Financial esources

Given the highly capital intensive nature of the business, generation of financial resources remains a major concern for AJKT Inc. Since the retained profits of the company are expected to remain relatively lower in the initial years, the…

Now, the way to get found is through the internet. There are several different methods that can be used, too, and may businesses will choose a combination of methods so that they are able to reach out to the largest number of people without spending too much money. Even the largest and most prosperous companies have a budget, and they probably do not want to (or cannot) go over that budget in order to get results. With that being the case, these companies have to focus on the most popular ways to reach out to customers. To do that, the company needs to know the market it is targeting with its product or service (Amor, 1999; Beynon-Davies, 2004; Frieden & oche, 2006; Tcakz & Kapczynski, 2009).

A target market is vital to success, because any business (online or not) has to market to people who want and need what the…

Global Business Cultural Analysis: Brazil

Cultural backgrounds reflect the ways and standards of living, which is unique and different for each country. In fact, the business world is also profoundly influenced by the cultural differences of the counties. This focus of this research paper, in this regard, is to analyze the cultural perspectives of doing business in Brazil. Therefore, major elements and dimensions of Brazilian culture such as business structures, management styles, communication, ethics, values, and customs are discussed comprehensively.

Moreover, the discussion has also been made on how the local businessmen integrate these cultural dimensions and elements. Indeed, a detailed comparison United States business has been made with that of Brazilian culture and business elements by means of Hofstede's dimension tool (that is particularly used for measuring cultural differences). Finally, the paper concludes with the implications for the U.S. businesses that plans and desires to conduct business in Brazil.…

other intangible assets such as patents and management strength. Finally, those future earnings are discounted to arrive at a net present value. Interbrand discounts against current interest rates and also against the brand's overall risk profile to factor in brand strength. Considerations include market leadership, stability, and global reach -- or the ability to cross both geographic and cultural borders. The final result values the brand as a financial asset. BusinessWeek and Interbrand believe this figure comes closest to representing a brand's true economic worth. (Business Week, Aug, 2007 (http://www.businessweek.com/pdfs/2007/0732_globalbrands.pdf)

Among the top 100 brands the U.S. has the largest representation with a full 52 brands on the list. This is comparable to no other nation. The U.S. also boast the highest rankings in high tech brands, producing electronic support systems, like software and PCs and/or support functions for them, as well as food and beverage provider brands, while Japan…

Global Economies

Each region in the world has a different economic policy guided by various fundamentals and policies in place. Members of a region may dictate how the business in that particular region is conducted. Several factors therefore have to be considered by businesses and countries when they want to engage in business with one another. When doing business, a critical analysis of the host country in terms of the macroeconomic dynamics is of great importance to evaluate how they affect business and also taking into account the barriers, tariffs and regulations of trade that may affect the exportation of goods and services.

Certain regions have trade blocks that govern the rules of doing business; such regions enforce barriers to protect the economies of the member countries and to bar foreign investors and importers from providing goods and services to compete against their respective domestic products. Some countries have heavy…

Global Business

Q1.Identifying global business opportunities

While the lowering of trade barriers through formal agreements such as NAFTA have been vitally important in expanding the possibilities of consumers to access a diverse range of products, technology has been an equally important factor in doing so. Through the ubiquity of the Internet, consumers can buy products from all around the world. They can view them and select them without ever having accessed a brick-and-mortar shop. Technology is not simply a way of making products more efficiently (although it does accomplish that objective). It is also an effective marketing ploy. Consumers can read about products and how they are consumed, and they often want to imitate those lifestyles.

For example, SUVs and Apple products are extremely popular amongst China's burgeoning middle class. "Sport utility vehicle sales surged to 2 million units in 2012, a 25.5% increase over the 1.59 million sales volume…

As a result, demand for this type of aircraft seems to be stabilizing and we expect to return to higher production rates. In the meantime, rail transportation group, which is less vulnerable to economic woes, has continued growing. Since May 1 of this year, the company has received new orders totaling nearly 3 billion euros and spanning not only the European and American markets, but also, the Asia-Pacific market, namely, China and Australia. Moreover, the company has acquired an aircraft assembly plant and announced the development of a new intercontinental business aircraft, the Global 5000 (Swickard, 2004). The company is increasingly paying its attention on its core know-how; product and market diversification; and anticipation of emerging needs.

Putting in perspective, Bombardier is Canada's largest aerospace exporter and one of the largest exporters in the country overall. It accounted for more than half of the aerospace industry's total revenues in 2002…

Global Sporting Events Market

There is little doubt that international sporting events are the acme of sports. Although it is possible that sports in the United States -- such as basketball, baseball, and football -- might draw in more overall revenue, this fact is attributed to the reality that not only do these sporting events take place year after year, but they also are able to gain media exposure and advertising money over the course of an entire season. Truly international sporting events, such as the Olympics, the orld Cup, and to a lesser extent, the European Cup, are able to generate comparable hype and money in a shorter period of time. The Olympics lasts less than a month and the orld Cup lasts approximately a month. hen attempting to calculate approximately how much bigger such international sporting events might grow in the years to come, there are several considerations…

Global usiness Marketing

Why do you think Toyota had waited so long to move much of its manufacturing for European sales to Europe?

One possible reason why Toyota was so hesitant is because: the euro was a new currency that had been trading for only two years. This was problematic for the company, as they could not make decisions about production, due to the fact that the euro was untested against the major currencies. At the same time, Toyota wanted to see how any possible EU integration would work. As many of the different economists and proponents claimed how it would create a new trading zone. Yet, a number of the countries were divided and this was the first attempt, to unite all of the European nations. As a result, the company would limit the overall amount of production in the European countries to: only 25% of all vehicle sales.…

Global E-Commerce

Strategy implementation issues

Strategy formulation and implementation are very difficult and lengthy parts of a management process. It should be known that both formulation and implementation are interdependent. In other words, the strategy making and the implantation of the strategy should be carried out in a proper way. There are many issues that arise in making strategy and implanting it.

Conflicts can arise during strategy formulation and one should know how to handle them. As mentioned earlier, strategy planning and execution are interdependent and a plan needs to be present before something can be executed. Another thing to note is that execution takes more time than coming up with the plan. This can detract the managers from attending to the strategic goals of the process. Furthermore, the process of executive should be adaptive and dynamic enough to any changes that may arise.

Another issue that comes up is…

Global Leaders

As the 21st century unfolds, we are told that the world is embracing globalism -- a key change in the economic, political and cultural movements that, broadly speaking, move the various countries of the world closer together. This idea refers to a number of theories that see the complexities of modern life such that events and actions are tied together, regardless of the geographic location of a specific country (political unit). The idea of globalism has become popular in economic and cultural terms with the advent of a number of macro-trade agreements combined with the ease of communication brought about with the Internet and cellular communication.

Would we not logically think, then, that countries in the developing world would be doing their upmost to encourage global thinking? That these same countries would embrace the chance to forge a nation of entrepreneurs and move into a position of self-sustaining…

This in turn will lead to a rift between civilizations, one that would encourage them to rediscover their own individual cultural identity. Therefore, the globalization of the world can mean the fragmentation of cultures and the possibility of new conflicts along civilization lines.

The theory of Samuel Huntington however has had several critics who argue that in fact the neo-liberal approach of world economics and politics will increase the financial resources of the world and thus foster the creation of a global culture based on similar moral values and norms. However, it is less likely for the neo-liberal practices to have this effect on the short-term because it is rather clear from the image of today's world that globalization has led, in a constant manner, to inequality. This consideration is rather simple and revolves around the issue of the distribution of resources. More precisely, the developed world has limited resources…

Global Financial Strategy

Critical assessment of the proposal to raise capital locally rather than in the UK

In the analysis of the proposal of raising capital locally rather than in the UK, it is essential to consider four critical aspects: costs, risks, benefits/advantages, and limitations/disadvantages. In the presentation of this critical assessment, the focus will be on the four factors or aspect in order to offer reliable analysis of the situation.

Costs

In the process of raising capital locally rather than in the UK, the organization must incur several costs. One of the essential costs is the professional cost. This refers to the amount of money or financial resources paid to the legal advisors, auditors, and reporting accountants in order to execute the process of raising the capital effectively and appropriately. Another important aspect of cost is the trading cost. These are direct costs including the brokerage commissions and financial…

As the road is being laid the fumes from the chemical materials and the concussive force of the construction equipment are devastating to local wildlife (Forman & Alexander, 1998). The result, is displaced organisms which ultimately put increased pressure for food, land, and water on other ecosystems. The extent of these ripple effects are still yet to be fully known.

In instances where above or below ground water supplies must be altered in order to make way for a new road system the effects are if anything more dire. When laying the bed of a road, it is nearly impossible to prevent a percentage of the chemicals used in the road surface itself from leeching into the soil (Forman & Deblinger, 2000). When in the presence of water those toxins are carried the course of the water supply affecting all of the vegetation and wildlife which it comes into contact…

Global Marketing -- Country Penetration Strategies

Global Marketing

Global marketing refers to the degree to which a business organization strategizes to operate in an international market in a competitive way. This paper focuses on the Country Penetration strategies that are formulated to ensure a potential entry and a sustainable future into a new international market (Lord & anft, 2000). The increasing trend towards Globalization has opened attractive opportunities for large-size organizations to expand their business operations in potential international markets. In order to thrive and develop their strong presence in those markets, organizations need to perform a comprehensive situational analysis and formulate marketing strategies so that they can avail the attractive opportunities and encounter the possible threats (Lord & anft, 2000).

This paper covers all those country penetration strategies that are devised by large MNCs when they target some international market as a part of their expansion or growth strategy.…

" (Johnson, 2005) the notion of ruling against the defendant in all identity theft or related cases may establish the wrong precedent for future cases. "On the other hand, if liability is too readily assessed, it will have the power to bankrupt valuable enterprises because of the often vast numbers of potential plaintiffs and consequent extensive resulting damages." (Johnson, 2005)

Internet security and identity theft is a very pervasive problem globally. In fact, most every nation with a web presence must deal with the same issue of hackers breaching server security or web browser security and stealing identities or other destructive behavior with malicious intent. The United States has a much more serious issue in this realm, however, when compared to countries within Europe, Asia, Africa, ussia, and South America. Although the threat remains global and can affect any nation at any time, the probability of identity theft in America…

Global Warming: Why it is not the greatest fear of the industrializing world, why it is such a great fear for the industrialized world

There is a threat that currently looms upon the horizon, in danger of choking the fragile health of the developing economies of the so-called Third World. This threat is not the so-called global warming phenomena. The long ranging environmental results of the build up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere still remains unknown, and the data is far from conclusive. What is known by international economists is that the threat of global warming, as deployed as a kind of buzz word and media scare tactic of the environmentalist movement could impede the growth of industrialized nations and reduce the chance of Third World countries improving their living standards.

Despite the words 'Trade not Aid,' as bandied about by corporations such as the Body Shop, there is…

Global Operations

One of the largest sources of competitive advantage for a global corporation is the ability to optimize operations on a world-wide scale by minimizing costs and maximizing revenues. This is accomplished by leveraging technology, manufacturing efficiencies, brand names, and/or capital across countries. The major thrust of Starbuck Corporation's global strategy has been to build a global brand to target customers in all major markets throughout the world. However, even with instant name recognition, the company has faced enormous challenges in applying its domestic business model to work in many foreign markets.

Starbucks was founded in 1971 as a gourmet coffee bean roaster and distributor and began to dominate the North American market over the following two decades. To continue its rapid growth and to combat the threat of future market saturation in its own domestic market, Starbucks turned its eye to international expansion in 1996 (Starbucks outlines international…

However, when child labor is burnt the entire economy may be deflected towards another equilibrium that may not be inferior to the first equilibrium (Basu, 2003). The global labor standards should therefore not ban child labor whenever it is deemed to be happening but ensure that conditions for banning child labor are compatible with adherence to the Pareto principle.

It is a fact that certain contracts, unanimously accepted by both sides, can lead to Pareto improvement. Nevertheless, if the contracts were to be allowed and used by the masses, there would be significant changes in market parameters that would leave some people worse off. Global labor standards should use the large numbers principle to justify banning of certain kinds of contracts like unjust labor practices.

In as much as the international labor organizations would want to use the above named principles to check against unjust labor laws a lot of…