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It is believed by some observers that the banking system needs to be scaled back, as it had become too large over the past decade (Brennan & Doyle, 2010). The country has also cut back its government spending in an effort to assuage markets, but the markets viewed the austerity measures are harming the country's chance to rebuild its economy, so the austerity measures failed.
Ultimately, the overheated asset prices that are hurting Ireland's economy cannot be dealt with effectively with the common currency. The euro does not have effective mechanisms for dealing with such crises, and Ireland does not have sufficient influence over the euro to enforce any mechanisms that there are. Euro policy is typically dictated by Germany and France rather than the small economies within the Eurozone. Exhibit a shows the U.S./Euro exchange rate history for the past five years.
Ireland is an export-driven economy that maintains…
Works Cited:
CIA World Factbook. (2010). Ireland. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved November 23, 2010 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html
Geert-Hofstede.com (2010). Ireland. Geert-Hofstede.com. Retrieved November 23, 2010 from http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_ireland.shtml
Beattie, W. (2010). IMF faces questions over Irish bailout. Financial Times. Retrieved November 23, 2010 from http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ea57f77c-f66c-11df-846a-00144feab49a.html
Doyle, D. (2009). Krugman says Ireland is facing "grinding deflation." Bloomberg. Retrieved November 23, 2010 from http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=auuir67abUG4
For example, the European Commission is concerned about the possibility of Ireland's deficit going out of control and surpassing the 3% limit that the European Monetary System imposes. In fact, the Department of Finance estimates the deficit will reach 13,3 billion euro, that is 7% of GDP. (Keenan 2008) the introduction of the European Monetary union caused financial shocks in Ireland, affecting especially the nominal interest rates which fell. This had a consequence upon the capacity of the labour market to "absorb immigration" and it will continue to affect employment performance through the diminishment of competitiveness. (Honohan 2005). This, together with the international financial crisis will diminish the country's capacity to attract FDI. As the prices go up, the state is forced to intervene in order to support categories such as the young, the poor, etc. This means a reorganization of the budget with a more socially-oriented perspective. This social…
Bibliography
Berry, Rebekah. "U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland: making the most of other people's money." http://www.lehigh.edu/~incntr/publications/perspectives/v19/Berry.PDF . (Accessed November 15, 2008)
Commission takes action against Ireland over deficit." Irish Times. November 2008. http://www.irishtimes.com /newspaper/breaking/2008/1103/breaking37.htm' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>
November 13, 2010); Ireland is facing severe headwinds for future growth. The depression of the real estate market and the decline in the availability of capital stock for investment through the banking system is of primary concern to policy makers. With the acceptance of the European Union bailout the demand for Ireland to incorporate austerity measures and increases in tax rates pose obturations for growth. An increase in the corporate tax rate from its level of 12.5% would seriously damage any hope of a sustainable economic recovery. According to Minister of Agriculture Simon Coveney
We are not going to commit economic suicide by raising a corporate tax rate that has served Ireland well and that will be of significant assistance to us in rebuilding our economy, which will be export-led and which will be reliant on future foreign direct investment in Ireland. (Beesley, a. March 18, 2011)
Beyond tax policy…
References
Bagus, P. (November 13, 2010). The Irish Subjugation. Ludwig von Mises Institute.
Retrieved April 7, 2011 from http://mises.org/daily/4876
Beesley, a. (Mar 18, 2011). Corporate Tax move 'Economic Suicide'. The Irish Times.
Retrieved April 7, 2011 from http://www.irishtimes.com /newspaper/finance/2011/0318/1224292504681.html' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>
" IFRS has an entirely different approach, focusing on objectives, and also encourages the use of "illustrative examples relating to specific events and transactions." The GAAP system is therefore significantly more robust.
There are also differences between the systems with respect to the valuation of inventories, where GAAP permits LIFO and IFRS does not. IFRS also insists that "all inventories having a similar nature" are valued using the same formula, something that GAAP does not require. ith goodwill, there are some significant differences, for example in the methodology of testing goodwill impairment, which is key to valuing goodwill on the balance sheet. The SEC document outlines in detail the differences between the systems in valuing all manner of balance sheet items. There are differences in the definition of key terms, and there are differences in the methodologies allowed in the valuation process.
It should be noted that there is an…
Works Cited:
FASB. (2008). Completing the February 2006 memorandum of understanding: A progress report and timetable for completion. Financial Accounting Standards Board. Retrieved April 4, 2012 from http://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobcol=urldata&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobkey=id&blobwhere=1175819018778&blobheader=application%2Fpdf
O'Rourke, T (2005). Irish GAAP converges to IFRS. Chartered Accountants Ireland. Retrieved April 4, 2012 from http://www.accountancyireland.ie/Archive/2005/October-2005/Irish-GAAP-Converges-to-IFRS/
PWC. (2012). IFRS adoption by country. Price Waterhouse Coopers. Retrieved April 4, 2012 from http://www.pwc.com/us/en/issues/ifrs-reporting/country-adoption
SEC.gov. (2011). Work plan for the consideration of incorporating IFRS into the financial reporting system of U.S. issuers. Securities and Exchange Commission. Retrieved April 4, 2012 from http://www.sec.gov/spotlight/globalaccountingstandards/ifrs-work-plan-paper-111611-gaap.pdf
Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, located to the northwest of continental Europe: the CIA helpfully notes that its size is roughly comparable to the American state of est Virginia. Ireland lies directly to the west of England: the two islands are separated by the Irish Sea.
Ireland has a long history, and was known to the ancient Romans as "Hibernia" although the Romans did not colonize Ireland as they did with England. Tradition marks Ireland's conversion to Christianity by Saint Patrick during the Roman period. Shortly thereafter, the first of a series of invasions occurred -- first by the Danes, then by the English starting in the 12th century.
English policy toward Ireland would eventually turn the island into an English colony, effectively, and the Act of Union by the British Parliament in 1800 officially made Ireland part of the United Kingdom. But the lack of…
WORKS CITED
CIA, World Factbook: Ireland. Accessed 22 February 2011 at: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html
Thomas, Landon. "Europe Stands By To Steady Ireland." New York Times, 11 November 2010. Accessed 22 February 2011 at: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/12/business/global/12euro.html
Ireland Minstry of the Environment, "Ireland's Pathway to Kyoto Compliance," 2006. Accessed 22 February 2011 at: http://www.environ.ie/en/Publications/Environment/Atmosphere/FileDownLoad,1289,en.pdf
Irish Tax and Customs Office, "Artists Exemption." Accessed 22 February 2011 at: http://www.revenue.ie/en/tax/it/reliefs/artists-exemption.html
Then, the demise of the real estate industry brings about the demise of the linked industries, such as the automobile industry, the furniture industry, the home electronics industry and so on. The demise of these industries would translate into the bankruptcy of numerous economic agents, the loss of jobs of millions and people, with the direct impact of a growing socio-economic problem of unemployment and the subsequent pressures of the federal budgets. Specifically, the Irish budget would have to support more and more people living on social welfare, rather than wages. Basically, if the second wave of the real estate crisis hits Ireland at the degree estimated, the country would deepen in the financial crisis.
The Irish regulators are intensifying their efforts to reduce the risk of credit defaults. Two relevant examples in this sense are constituted by the obligation of banks to wait 12 months before they seize the…
Reference:
Enrich, D., Forelle, C., 2010, Ireland's next blow could be home loans, Wall Street Journal Online, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703514904575602650960629366.html?mod=WSJEUROPE_hpp_LEFTTopStories last accessed on November 10, 2010
herefore, the Great War exacerbated problems in Ireland rather than create cause for peace and a united front. Not all Irish nationalists deigned to fight with the National Volunteers for Great Britain. hose who opposed helping the British used World War One as the opportunity for distraction and the formation of the Irish Volunteers, which became the militaristic force behind the Easter Rising. he Irish Volunteers were also aided strategically by the Germans as well as Irish-Americans in support of full independence (cited in slide 24 in #3). A uniquely Irish Catholic spirit of martyrdom motivated the nationalistic fervor that gripped Ireland and prompted years of guerilla warfare with the Protestant British.
At the same time, Great Britain played its cards wrong in its relationship with Ireland. When the war ended, the Home Rule movement was not picked up where it was left before the war began. he Ireland issue…
The British response to the insurgency was "ambivalent" and poorly executed (Slide 53 in group 4). On the one hand, the British attempted to treat the insurgency as a police or domestic matter. On the other hand, the IRA was clearly fighting against Great Britain as a nation and thus the skirmish was a military matter. Military intelligence enabled the British to infiltrate IRA leadership but without much success. The "drives" to weed out insurgency leaders in Ireland proved only moderately successful as the British assumed that if law and order could be regained that somehow the Irish moderates would assume power. An aversion to use excessive force also prevented an organized backlash against the IRA, as the British sought to maintain "constitutionalism" (Slide 55 in Group 4).
A shortage of manpower also plagued the British response. The British army was spread dangerously thin at the end of World War One, as the Empire expanded into regions throughout the Middle East. Germany was partially occupied, and other military commitments included Russia, the Caucasus, and Persia. With a paucity of troops and resource, and no clear policy towards Ireland, the British opted against arming the small numbers of Protestants in Southern Ireland who might have aided in the struggle for Great Britain. Likewise, the Ulsters became as hard-lined as the IRA. For the Ulsters, the goal of the war was the obliteration of Home Rule whereas Great Britain might have been content to compromise.
The ongoing bloodshed since the 1921 treaty was a result of the lack of clear commitment on the part of the British to resolve the struggle for Irish independence: struggle that began around the turn of the century. Issues related to ethnicity, religion, and access to economic and political resources prompted the independence movement. The movement was fomented by nationalistic and anti-colonial trends around the world. World War One offered an opportune moment to achieve total independence from the British, because the United Kingdom's troops and its political power had been significantly depleted.
Ireland
The Fenian movement, also referred to as Fenianism, was a revolutionary movement organized by the Irish people. This movement developed in communities of the Irish immigrants who were settled in the United States in the mid of the nineteenth century. A strong component of this movement was also found in France and it goes without saying in Ireland.
Most of these immigrants who were living in the United States were those who had fled from Ireland when the Great Famine hit the country. However, these people had a strong desire to free Ireland from the ritish rule. This feeling to liberate Ireland was further intensified by the breakdown of the Young Ireland Movement that took place in the 1840s.
The name of the Fenians came from the ancient Irish warriors. On the other hand, the members of this movement were almost always sworn in secrecy. The international aspect of…
Bibliography:
"OPERATION GET PARNELL; 1.queen Victoria: Clan Na NGael Planned to Assassinate Her 2.'framed': Parnell Was Smeared in a Terrorist Plot," Daily Mail (London), November 3, 2007.
Anonymous, A Life of James Stephens: Chief Organizer of the Irish Republic, New York: Carleton, 1866.
Davitt, Michael. The Fall of Feudalism in Ireland, London & New York: 1904.
O'Broin, Leon. Revolutionary Underground: The Story of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, 1858-1924 (Gill and Macmillan, 1976).
International Managers in Ireland
This is a research proposal into the question of how international managers working in Ireland have impacted the workforce and the culture of Ireland. Among the international managers (reflected by the available literature) that work and have worked in Ireland there are a number of IT companies from the United States -- and their managers have had an impact on the economy, the workforce, and hence, the culture of Ireland.
It is worth presenting the fact that Ireland today is enjoying an economic surge -- unemployment is down and there are signs that prosperity will continue to be on the upswing -- as it pulls completely out of its recent recession doldrums . In large part these optimistic economic aspects are thanks to recent foreign investments in Ireland. Along with foreign firms come foreign managers, and this paper will cover issues related to how managers from…
Bibliography
Bruton, Richard. 2014. 'Policy Statement on Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland.' Retrieved November 5, 2014, from http://www.enterprise.gov.ie .
Crotty, William, and Schmitt, David E. 2014. Ireland on the World Stage. Routledge, Florence, Kentucky.
Irish Examiner. 2014. 'IDA reports 43% rise in foreign firms investing here.' Retrieved November 3, 2014, from http://www.irishexaminer.com .
Kennedy, Eoin Burke. 2014. 'Unemployment hits five-year low of 11.5%'. Irish Times. Retrieved November 3, 2014, from http://www.irishtimes.com .
FDI and Ireland
Which factors have been important in driving Irish growth?
Following several years of significant disruption to Ireland on the heels of the civil war, including the protectionism that characterized the post-depression economic stance of many countries and the economic nationalism that Ireland favored under De Valera, the need for a pro-market orientation slowly dawned on a stagnant Ireland. The passage of a series of business-friendly acts designed to jumpstart the economy provided some lift and -- perhaps more importantly -- signaled Ireland's readiness to articulate national economics differently. The creation of the Industrial Development Authority (IDA) provided opportunity for an adaptable mechanism designed to position Ireland as a lucrative location for multinational corporations to establish international facilities and operations. Despite strong shocks from two oil crises in the 1970s and high unemployment, the IDA was able to reinvent itself and pursue aggressive recruiting of foreign corporations. But…
Reference
Alfaro, L, Dev, V., and McIntyre, S. (2010). Foreign direct investment and Ireland's tiger economy (A). [Case Study 9-706-007]. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Publishing.
As the urban areas grow, though, Ireland faces similar issues to all other major cities -- increased pollution, trash, and use of natural resources. The environment has a critical impact on tourism.
Sometimes large and cumbersome bureaucracy and fee structure makes competition difficult; European standards have helped, but streamlining remains a real need
(Bartlett 2010, Mcilliams 2008)
SOT Analysis -- Hotel Industry in Ireland
Strengths
eaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
Industry as a whole slowly on the upswing.
Large bureaucracy and hotel tax.
Partnerships with other companies and government for sustainability
Sliding global economy; unable to compete.
Pristine environment, safe, secure, and popular with tourists.
Environment requires constant vigilance and protection
Increase $$ for eco-tourism, greater partnership with academic institutions.
Drop off of tourists for hotels as tourists move towards short-term rentals and guesthouses
Poised for growth.
Capitalization low in some areas to weather economic hardships
Mergers, acquisitions, packages for specific tourist…
Works Cited
Bartlett, T 2010, Ireland: A History, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Central Intelligence Agency 2011, Country GNP Comparison, viewed March 2012, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html?countryName=Ireland&countryCode=ei®ionCode=eur&rank=27#ei
Choice Hotel Group 2012, About Choice Hotels Ireland, viewed March 2012, http://www.choicehotels.ie/en/about-choice-hotels / >.
Cline, R 2009, Hospitality Adjusts to Globalism, viewed March 2012 http://www.hotel-online.com/Trends/Andersen/global.html >.
Also at the center of the decision was de Valera's dealings with Britain regarding partition and a struggle to further party representation in six county seats. He remained strong on his view of how this should play out strategically with Churchill. It is interesting that the Irish delegation's fight with Britain over county seat and tariffs should coincide with Britain's needs for the seaports. He did not back down and continued to use partition as leverage when it came to Ireland's needs. He believed that the ports belonged rightfully to Ireland and her people. No one else should gain from her assets. In his mind, Ireland's people did not have anything tangible to lose. The other bargaining items of decreased tariffs and increases annuities were not significant to his plan of protecting Ireland from the outside world. The concept of partition was most important to the conception of an Irish…
Works Cited
Coogan, Tim Pat. Eamon De Valera: The Man Who Was Ireland. New York: Harper
Collins Publishers. 1993.
Fitzgibbon, Constantine. The Life and Times of Eamon de Valera. New York:
MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc. 1973.
Rioting throughout elfast and Derry became regular, and culminated in 1969 with the attle of the ogside. The confrontation resulted from peaceful marching by ogside residents that was disrupted by police officers and citizens loyal to the Union. Rioting grew for three days until the ritish Army was dispatched to renew peace and disperse the crowds that had quickly grown in response. However, the riot was incendiary throughout Northern Ireland, and it quickly grew apparent that the government was losing its ability to restore peace. Hundreds of people were killed and thousands lost their homes to widespread fire and vandalism
. Riots around Northern Ireland were begun in support of ogside residents.
However, in several cases they escalated into anti-police demonstrations. In many instances, the pro-Union or pro-Catholic sentiment was superseded by random violence against authority. Specific violent acts were captured and memorialized by both sides as symbols of oppression.…
Bibliography
Bew, Paul, and Gordon Gillespie. Northern Ireland: A Chronology of the Troubles:
1968-1999. Landham, MD: Scarecrow Press. 1999.
Cairns, Ed, et al. "Intergroup Contact, Forgiveness and Experience of the Troubles in Northern Ireland." Journal of Social Issues 62, no. 1 (2006): 99-120.
Fay, Marie-Therese, Michael Morrissey and Marie Smyth. Northern Ireland's Troubles:
EU and Ireland
EUROPA, the Internet informational site for the European Union, notes that one of the inspirations for the European Union was that, for centuries, "Europe was the scene of frequent and bloody wars," and it was hoped that economic cooperation would heal ancient political tensions between all member nations. (EUROPA, "EU History at a Glance: History of the European Union," 2004) hen Ireland and its neighbor and territorial rival, the United Kingdom, both joined the European Union, then called the European Community (EC) in 1973, there was hoped that this mutual economic joining would help contribute to a more lasting peace between these often conflicted nations.
The European Community (EC) became the EU in 1993, when the Maastricht Treaty on European Union (TEU) was approved. (ood and Yesilada, 1996, p.1) But this change of name came far more easily than the change of economic and political status and…
Works Cited
Alvarez, Lizette. "Suddenly Rich, Old Ireland Seems Bewildered." The New York Times. A4: 3.
Aughey, Arthur and Duncan Morrow Northern Ireland Politics. Longman Group Limited: London, 1996.
"EU at a Glance, History of the European Union." EUROPA. 2004.
http://europa.eu.int/abc/history/index_en.htm#
" The company maintains offices in Dublin and Belfast and is the exclusive partner of ESI Inc. In Ireland.
What product or service were they selling? The corporate profile states, "ESI Ireland is responsible for designing and building some of the largest and most advanced GIS systems in Ireland. Employing just under 40 GIS Professionals, we have a client base of over 120 organisations across 17 different business sectors with thousands of end users" (ESI Company profile, 2009, p. 2).
How were they selling it? No presentations were provided by this company but sponsors were provided the opportunity to participate in the exhibition that was part of the GIS Ireland 2009 Conference.
Who would be their primary customer base? As the largest GIS company in Ireland, ESI provides services to both the public as well as the private sector.
What role does geographic information/GIS play in their portfolio of activities?…
References
About GeoDirectory. (2009). GeoDirectory. [Online]. Available: http://www.geodirectory.ie/About-GeoDirectory.aspx .
About IMGS. (2009). IMGS. [Online]. Available: http://www.imgs.ie/index/about_IMGS .
GIS Ireland 2009 Conference and Exhibition Program. (2009). IRLOGI. [Online]. Available:
http://www.irlogi.ie/userfiles/File/GIS%20Ireland%202009%20Provisional%20Program
While Ireland is somehow outside the main epicenter of these invasions, it still remains vulnerable. Round towers could thus provide the necessary defense around a monastery or church.
Some of the elements that could support such a defensive function include the fact that these towers were built of stone even in a period when stone defensive constructions were not yet the norm throughout Europe (the Norman keeps, for example, would become the usual defense fortification only in the 11th century). At the same time, the round towers were equipped with wooden ladders on which the people could claim inside and, allegedly, pull up the wooden ladder, making it almost impossible for the attacker to either climb inside or in any other way, endanger the life of the people inside the round tower.
One of the important arguments used against the belief that round towers had a primarily defensive function comes…
Bibliography
1. Stalley, Roger. Irish Round Towers. Country House, Dublin.
2. Wakeman, William. 1848. Archaeologia Hibernica: A Hand-book of Irish Antiquities.
3. Bonwick, James. 1894. Irish Druids and Old Irish Religions.
4. Petrie, G. 1845, reprinted in 1970. The Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland: An Essay on the Origin and Uses of the Round Towers of Ireland. 2nd edition.
Northern Ireland
From 1968 to 1992 Northern Ireland was plagued by sectarian violence between the Protestant majority, who favored their Union with Britain, and the Catholic minority, who didn't. As a province of the United Kingdom, Northern Ireland, prior to the beginning of the 1968 "troubles," had an independent government dominated by Protestant Unionists. However, their insistence on treating the Catholic minority as second class citizens, and the resulting outbreak of violence in 1968, forced the British to flood the province with British troops in order to keep the warring parties apart. This sparked an all out insurrection on the part of the nationalist Irish epublican Army (IA) which in turn precipitated a policy of counter-intelligence operations by the British. But these operations have called into question how to reconcile the notion of domestic law with the need to conduct counter-intelligence operations. Finally, while British intelligence may have been able…
Reference List
Dickson, Brice. 2012. "Counterinsurgency and Human Rights in Northern Ireland." In
The British Approach to Counterinsurgency: From Malay and Northern Ireland
to Iraq and Afghanistan. Ed. Paul Dixon. United Kingdom: Palgrave MacMillan.
Dingley, James. 2009. "Northern Ireland and the 'troubles'." In Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland. Ed. James Dingley. New York: Routledge.
FDI
Ireland experienced a brief economic boom in the mid-1990s, which was a time of relative boom across the Western world. A number of factors contributed to this boom, including a low corporate tax environment, and Ireland positioning itself as a source of foreign direct investment from the U.S. In particular (EC, nd). With an educated, English-speaking workforce and increasing labour productivity, Ireland was successful in repositioning itself as a low-cost gateway to the European market for American firms. This boom, however, created a bubble in the real estate market. Combined with increasing wages, inflationary conditions were created that reduced the ability of Ireland to compete as a low-cost gateway. Already facing the sort of conditions that would constrain FDI, Ireland saw its foreign direct investment collapse with the onset of the Great ecession (Ibid).
Ireland responded to the crisis with an austerity program. This included dramatically cutting public expenditures…
References
Armistead, L. (2013). Ireland: the poster child of recovery but not of austerity. The Telegraph. Retrieved October 25, 2014 from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/financialcrisis/10274680/Ireland-the-poster-child-of-recovery-but-not-of-austerity.html
CIA World Factbook. (2014). Country comparison -- crude oil production. CIA World Factbook. Retrieved October 25, 2014 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2241rank.html?countryname=Nigeria&countrycode=ni®ionCode=afr&rank=12#ni
Brown, M. (2012). An iPhone in the DRC. Time Magazine. Retrieved October 25, 2014 from http://lightbox.time.com/2012/08/16/an-iPhone-in-congo-photos-by-michael-christopher-brown/#1
Castillo, M. (2010). Is your mobile device or laptop funding conflict mineral wars? Time Magazine. Retrieved October 25, 2014 from http://techland.time.com/2010/12/15/is-your-mobile-device-or-laptop-funding-conflict-wars/
British in Northern Ireland
The British Empire had been one of the greatest in the history of humankind but the years following the Second World War saw a period of decolonization and the rise of regional conflicts as a result. In some former colonies, such as Malaya, the British intervened military to maintain the government put in place and successfully defeated the insurgency. Other places, for example Northern Ireland, saw a major British military intervention in the period from 1969 through 1998 without a subsequent victory. An examination of the conflict can conclude that the British entered the conflict in Northern Ireland reluctantly and without a clear goal, seemed to stumble through without a strategy for victory, and flooded the region with troops until a some sort of settlement could be reach.
The British intervention in Northern Ireland came as a result of a series of violent clashes between Catholics…
Reference List
Black, Jeremy. 2005. War Since 1945. London: Reaktion Books.
Neumann, P.R. 2009. "The Government's Response." In Combating Terrorism in Northern Ireland." Ed. James Dingley. New York: Routledge.
Stubbs, Richard. 2011. "From Search and Destroy to Hearts and Minds: The Evolution of British Strategy in Malaya 1948-60.' In Counterinsurgency in Modern Warfare,
edited by Daniel Marston and Carter Malkasian, 113-30. New York: Osprey.
Queen Elizabeth I - Her Affairs with Ireland
Upon her ascendancy to the throne of England in 1558 - having survived two months' imprisonment in the Tower of London at the hand of her half sister Mary Tudor four years earlier - Elizabeth found herself hostage to the volatile political, cultural and social unrest in Ireland. Indeed, Ireland's existing government in Dublin was wholly ineffective, and Irish society was divided into warring and otherwise competing lordships, very much unlike the situation elsewhere in Western Europe, where traditional lordships had, for the most part, knuckled under to the power of the emerging monarchies. The ongoing Irish chaos posed a threat both to English interests in Ireland, and to the safety and security of the England itself.
Meanwhile, at the time of her ascension to the throne, Elizabeth's policy towards Ireland was much the same as the approach taken by her father:…
References
Adams, Simon. "The Succession and Foreign Policy." History Today 53 (2003).
Canny, Nicholas P. The Elizabethan Conquest of Ireland: a pattern established
1565-76. New York: Harper & Row, 1976.
Dunlap, Robert. Ireland Under the Commonwealth. Manchester: University Press,
Eamon de Valera seems to have been talking about more than one threat in his response to Churchill's persistence. On the surface, he is saying that Ireland will fight against invading forces...in other words, if Japan or Germany invaded Ireland in earnest, it is clear by de Valera's words that he intends England to hold no concern that Ireland would not be victorious against them. But a more careful reading of de Valera's words paints England, and Churchill, as just as much of a threat. hile not suggesting that either are a physical danger, he suggests that both are endangering Ireland's rights and autonomy, and therefore, according to de Valera, granting rights to Ireland's ports would be nothing short of abandoning the independence that was so recently won (twenty years earlier).
Propaganda in all nations was the order of the day -- it is very likely that both de Valera…
Works Cited
Althoz, Josef L.. Selected documents in Irish history . Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2000. Print.
Churchill, Winston, and Martin Gilbert. The Churchill war papers . New York: W.W. Norton, 1995. Print.
History of World War II . New York: Marshall Cavendish Corp., 2004. Print.
Many more businesses and individuals are pleased about the implementation than those who are against it. In general, it will help Ireland to thrive, not only nationally, but also within the international arena; facilitating both domestic and foreign service delivery and product imports.
ibliography
usiness & Leadership. New postcode system will benefit business. 21 Sept 2009. http://www.businessandleadership.com/news/article/15938/owner-manager/new-postcodes-good-for-business
Commission for Communications Regulation. ComReg Report shows broad support for the introduction of Postcodes to Ireland. 26 Jan 2005. http://www.comreg.ie/_fileupload/publications/PR260105.pdf
Delaney, Gary. PON Codes -- a New Geographic Post Code System for Ireland. Directions Magazine. 9 Oct 2008. http://www.directionsmag.com/printer.php?article_id=2897
Doyle, Etain. Follow UP on Postcode Symposium. Commission for Communications Regulation, 2003. http://www.comreg.ie/_fileupload/publications/ComReg03138.pdf
Doyle, Etain. ComReg's Symposium on Postcodes, 24 November 2003. http://www.comreg.ie/_fileupload/publications/ComReg03136.pdf
Fingal County Council. Extract from County Council Meeting, 14 March 2005. http://www.fingalcoco.ie/minutes/meeting_doc.aspx?id=7695
GPS Ireland. Location (Post) Codes for Ireland. 27 Jan 2007. http://www.gpsireland.ie/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=47&Itemid=79
Irish Computer Society. The Introduction of a Postcode…
Bibliography
Business & Leadership. New postcode system will benefit business. 21 Sept 2009. http://www.businessandleadership.com/news/article/15938/owner-manager/new-postcodes-good-for-business
Commission for Communications Regulation. ComReg Report shows broad support for the introduction of Postcodes to Ireland. 26 Jan 2005. http://www.comreg.ie/_fileupload/publications/PR260105.pdf
Delaney, Gary. PON Codes -- a New Geographic Post Code System for Ireland. Directions Magazine. 9 Oct 2008. http://www.directionsmag.com/printer.php?article_id=2897
Doyle, Etain. Follow UP on Postcode Symposium. Commission for Communications Regulation, 2003. http://www.comreg.ie/_fileupload/publications/ComReg03138.pdf
Additionally, its taxation advatantages may erode due to pressure from EU and implicitly its wages will increase as taxes increase. Competition from emerging countries, namely Eastern Europe will become stronger as Ireland allings its strong points to EU standards. Moreover, the country's inflationary problem persistance may strengthen EU pressure on the authorities to reduce it through its fiscal policy.
eference List
BBC news channel. 2004. Ireland is Named 'Best Country', published on Nov 17, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4020523.stm.
Barry, F. And Bradley, J. 1997. FDI and Trade: The Irish Host-Country Experience. The Economic Journal, vol. 107(445): pp. 1798-1811, http://www.res.org.uk/
Berry, . 2001. U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland: Making the Most of Other's People Money. Perspectives on Business and Economics, vol. 19.
Cassidy, Mark, 2002. The Irish Economy: ecent Experience and Prospects. in: Aronson, ., Munley, V., Thornton, . (Eds.). The Irish Economy in Transition: Successes, Problems and Prospects. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam: pp.…
Reference List
BBC news channel. 2004. Ireland is Named 'Best Country', published on Nov 17, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4020523.stm .
Barry, F. And Bradley, J. 1997. FDI and Trade: The Irish Host-Country Experience. The Economic Journal, vol. 107(445): pp. 1798-1811, http://www.res.org.uk/
Berry, R. 2001. U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland: Making the Most of Other's People Money. Perspectives on Business and Economics, vol. 19.
Cassidy, Mark, 2002. The Irish Economy: Recent Experience and Prospects. in: Aronson, R., Munley, V., Thornton, R. (Eds.). The Irish Economy in Transition: Successes, Problems and Prospects. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam: pp. 5-30.
The United Kingdom and Ireland have both enjoyed geographic separation from the continent of Europe, enabling both to develop unique political cultures and institutions. Ireland has been even more removed from the fray, having never been part of the Roman Empire, and systematically resistant to the same invasions that affected England throughout much of their respective histories. However, the proximity between Ireland and England—and later the United Kingdom—has caused the two countries to be “intertwined politically, economically, and culturally for over 800 years,” (The Republic and Politics of the Republic of Ireland 5). British hegemony has generally meant that Irish identity has been largely oppositional in nature. Divergent trends have emerged in the political cultures and institutions of the United Kingdom and Ireland, especially with regards to the relatively power of the Church. Ireland’s political structures, institutions, and cultures have been inevitably influenced by the British system, but the Catholic…
Literacy in Secondary School in Ireland
The literacy curriculum in secondary school in Ireland is based on a strategy of language-related lesson modifications, identified by Peregoy and Boyle as good methods of ensuring that differentiation occurs in the classroom. This strategy allows for the use of "visuals, concrete objects, direct experience, and other nonverbal means to convey lesson content" alongside the main lesson taught by the teacher in the classroom (Peregoy, Boyle 86). In my area, this is consistent with what we experienced in school, and differentiation is a huge part of the cycle -- as much of what is centered on literacy is done so with direct relation to experiential learning, the use of visual aids, and the expression of ideas identified in readings via nonverbal means, such as drawings, videos or performance in the classroom. At the same time, there is a notable urgency among literacy leaders and…
Works Cited
Department of Education and Skills Press Release. Education.ie, 2011. Web. 1 June
2016.
Gottlieb, M. Assessing English Language Learners. CA: Corwin Press, 2006. Print.
Peregoy, S., Boyle, O. Reading, Writing and Learning. MA: Pearson, 2013.
rand Effect on Consumer ehavior
Influence of rand Effect
The influence of brand effect on consumer behavior:
Irish and Chinese consumers in Ireland
This paper discusses the influence of brand effect on consumption behavior of the Irish and Chinese in Ireland. Since shopping and purchase decision are affect by many sociological factors, the factors that influence the Chinese and the Irish in Ireland may be inherently distinct. While the Chinese population in Dublin is only a small part of the total population, they are becoming an important cultural force in the city, which can have an effect on Ireland's economy. rand loyalty can influence purchasing behavior, however, this paper will attempt to show that Consumer purchases are strongly influenced by cultural, social, personal, and psychological characteristics as opposed to brand names.
Keywords rand effect, Chinese consumers, Irish consumers, brand loyalty
Paper type Research paper
Introduction
rand effect is the ability…
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Antonides, Gerritt. & van Raaij, W. Fred. (1999). Cases in consumer behaviour. John Wiley & Sons.
Bloomberg Businessweek. (2004). Ireland: A nation of immigrants? Retrieved 28
July
2010 from:
NO2 Levels in Cork Harbor, Ireland
Analysis of NO2 Data from Cork Harbour, Ireland: 3/8/2008 -- 3/10/2008.
Due to a series of clean air acts enacted by the European Parliament, strict standards for common air pollutants have been established for member states.1 In response, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of Ireland has engaged in monitoring efforts at major industrial sites, including Cork Harbour, the second busiest port in Ireland. This report examines the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data collected from March 8, 2008 to March 10, 2008 in Cork Harbour, Ireland.
At the time the data was collected, the hourly limit of human exposure to NO2 allowed by the European Council was 200 ug/m3.2 In 2001, a margin of error of 50% was permitted, but was scheduled to be reduced to zero by 2010. By 2008, this margin of error would have been 11.1% or no more than 222 ug.m3. Based…
She is so vulnerable, confessing that she "bloomed under the warmth of [Adam's] interest" (Keyes 111). Her family is so kooky we wonder if they will actually help her regain her crushed self-esteem. Yet, we somehow know that Claire will bee all right. She is too funny, too optimistic, and too likeable for Keyes to destroy by giving her anything but a happy ending. As readers, we may not be able to guess how the book will end, but we feel confident that the ending will be a satisfying one and that Claire's problems will be brought to resolution.
This Charming Man is a foray into the problem of domestic violence. The character who gives the book its title is Paddy de Courcy, a political figure who may call to mind John F. Kennedy -- handsome, charming, and popular with ladies. It is a departure from atermelon in that the…
Works Cited
Keyes, Marian. "Eleven Things About Marian." 2009. Web. 2 May 2011.
Keyes, Marian. "Laid Low." MarianKeyes.com. January 2010. Web. 2 May 2011.
Keyes, Marian. This Charming Man. New York: Harper Collins e-books. n.d. Kindle edition.
Keyes, Marian. Under the Duvet [book review]. Amazon.com. nd. Web. 5 May 2011.
Differences in opinions between various study groups are expected to become apparent. These differences will help to determine the amount of bias present in opinions regarding housing discrimination among non-Irish nationals. Interpretation of these hypotheses will depend on the consistencies in opinion found between various groups.
esearch Questions
The hypotheses will help to determine if the opinions of various groups in Dublin are biased. However, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the concepts being examined, the following research questions will also be explored, in addition to the hypotheses. These research questions will be addressed through specific sets of survey questions.
1. Are there differences in opinion regarding the quality of housing between Irish and non-Irish nationals living in Dublin?
2. Are non-Irish nationals well educated, at least as much as the Irish national population in Ireland?
3. Do non-Irish nationals deserve to become home owners, as much as…
References
Broman, C. (2002). Perceived discrimination and alcohol use among black and white college students. American Sociological Association. August 2002. Retrieved April 11, 2009
http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Perceived+discrimination+and+alcohol+use+among+blac k+and+white...-a0163097579
Central Statistics Office (CSO). (2008). Census 2006. Non-Irish National Living in Ireland. June 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2009 from http://www.cso.ie/census/..%5Ccensus%5Cdocuments%5CNON%20IRISH%20NATON
ALS%20LIVING%20IN%20IRELAND.pdf
onsidering that the old order in Ireland was in place since two millennia and had always been under the control of the Gaelic chieftains, their removal from the leadership of the provinces of Ireland by the English rown was destined to arise the resistance of the majority who sought support in the atholic world and especially hoped in the papal authority. urtis points out that the resistance against the protestant faith that built up after Elisabeth took over Munster and Ulster was coming not only from inside the respective Irish provinces, but also from the dissidents in Italy, Portugal, Spain and the Low countries. On one hand they were gathering in the spirit of preserving the old faith, on the other, the Irish and the Anglo-Irish who opposed the Reformation were changing their ways supported by the Jesuits who helping the process of transforming the faithful into fanatics. On the…
Cronin, Mike. A History of Ireland. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave, 2001.
Curtis, Edmund. A History of Ireland: From Earliest Times to 1922. London:
Routledge, 2002.
Irish Corporate Governance
"Irish Development NGOs," notes a 2008 associational guidebook from the Corporate Governance Association of Ireland (CGAI), "exist to create a better world. They operate on a global scale with diverse missions, but are united by a shared commitment to social justice and the eradication of poverty" (CGAI, Irish Development NGOs).
But as noble as these intentions are, they are coming up short in their missions because they do not have in place the kinds of effective and efficient types of governance expectations needed to ensure that they are being profitable in their own success. Many NGOs, just like many for-profit businesses, are struggling with extraordinary financial challenges. And they are finding out that just as they need to learn to be more effective in their operations, they have few guidelines in place for improving the services they provide and for professional conduct in general (CGAI, Irish Development…
REFERENCES
CGAI. Irish Development NGOs: Code of Corporate Governance. The Corporate Governance Association of Ireland. In partnership with Dochas, The Irish Association of Non-Governmental Development Organizations. http://www.ecgi.org/codes/documents/irish_ngo_2008.pdf.
CGAI. Professional Code of Conduct. The Corporate Governance Association of Ireland. http://www.cgai.ie/pdf/code_of_conduct.pdf .
Freedman, R.E. And L. Stewart. Developing Ethical Leadership. Business Roundtable. Institute for Corporate Ethics. 2006. Downloadable at http://www.corporate-ethics.org/pdf/ethical_leadership.pdf.
GIIN. The Global Impact Investment Network. 2011. Viewable at http://www.theGIIN.org .
"The bill to taxpayers for the bailout has swelled to 84 billion euros, 56% of gross domestic product, the result of a government decision to backstop the banks' losses… [despite] the fact that the International Monetary Fund ordered another 10 billion euros pumped into banks immediately, in part to hedge against a possible rise in mortgage defaults. An additional 25 billion euros is on standby if banks' losses are bigger than expected" (Alderman 2010:1). Ireland, once so proud of its independence, is now thinking of doing the unthinkable -- selling its banks to a foreign bidder. An American investor recently made a bid "in a consortium with the Carlyle Group and Cardinal, a Dublin private equity firm" Alderman 2010:1).
While not in as dire financial straits as Greece, the recovery of Ireland is essential for the EU to remain unified and solvent. Already there are factional fights between EU nations…
Reference
Alderman, Liz. (2010, December 11). Ireland strives to rebuild trust in its banks.
The New York Times. Retrieved December 11, 2010 at http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/11/business/global/11ireland.html?ref=global
Retrieved February 14, 2010 from http://www.forbes.com/2010/01/12/car-sales-geely-volvo-business-autos-china.html
ACNielson. (2007). 2007 key consumer and market trends. China Fast Forward. Retrieved February 13, 2010 from http://www.pdfone.com/view/14_keywordchinasconsumermarketopportunitiesandrisks/china-fast-forward-2007-key-consumer-and-market-trends.html
BERR. (2009). China and India: Opportunities and Challenges for UK Businesses. BERR Economics Paper No. 5. Retrieved February 13, 2010 from http://www.pdfone.com/view/19_keywordchinasconsumermarketopportunitiesandrisks/china-and-india-opportunities-and-challenges-for-uk-business.html
China-Britain Business Council. (2010). Opportunities for UK Businesses in China's Regional Cities. UK rade & Investment. Retrieved February 13, 2010 from http://www.pdfone.com/view/22_keywordchinasconsumermarketopportunitiesandrisks/opportunities-for-uk-businesses-in-china-s-regional-cities.html
Ebrahimi, Helia. (2008). Will pricelings save the west? Designer driven: China is soon expected to the world's biggest buyer of luxury goods. he Mail on Sunday. P. 62.
Foster, Sarah. (1997). Buying Irish: consumer nationalism in 18th-century Dublin. History oday. 47(6):44-49.
Hart, Leslie. (2009). he new reality of today's luxury market. Kitchen & Bath Design News. Retrieved February 14, 2010 from http://www.allbusiness.com/population-demographics/demographic-groups-wealthy-people/13302309-1.html
Ji, Richard & Meeker, Mary. (2005). Creating consumer value in digital China. China Internet. Morgan Stanley. Retrieved February 13, 2010 from…
The Daily Mail. (2008). Russians are the target of Irish home drive. The Daily Mail. P. 10
Wilson, P.W. (1932). De Valera presses the fight to make Ireland a republic; the country is divided over his plan for secession, and the strategu of Englind in the conflict is to play for time. New York Times. P. 4. Retrieved February 13, 2010 from http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60C14FE355A13738DDDAD0A94DF405B828FF1D3
Wright, Richard. Will globalization make you happy? Foreign Policy. P. 55
Irish Literature
Ireland has a rich literary tradition with a legacy of authors who have each contributed something to the creation of a cultural identity. For centuries, the authors of Ireland have utilized the beautiful landscape as a counterpoint to the violent political history of the Emerald Isle. Quite literally, the whole history of Ireland can be traced through the literature of the country's writers, both the good and the bad. This tradition lives on in contemporary Irish authors and poets. Two such poets, Ciaran Carson and Allan Gillis, have used their chosen literary type to illustrate their own understanding of Ireland's history. Through their poetry, readers can simultaneously travel back in time and also listen to the eye witness of Ireland's current historical moment. This can be traced through Carson's "Belfast Confetti" and Gillis's "The Ulster ay" in the poetic form, the techniques that the poets utilize, and then…
Works Cited:
Carson, Ciaran. "Belfast Confetti." The Poetry Archive. 2010. Web. March 2012.
http://www.poetryarchive.org/poetryarchive/singlePoem.do?poemId=339
Gillis, Allan. "The Ulster Way." Somebody Somewhere. Ireland: Gallery Press. 2004. Print.
Dark Ages
The author of this report is asked to answer to a number of questions relating to the Dark Ages. Specifically, the author is asked to define what "Dark Ages" means. Second, the author is asked to ask how this society unwittingly paved the way for a preservation of literature and art from the classical era. In particular, the author is asked to identify how Ireland was instrumental in this re-emergence. Finally, there is to be a summation of the Arthurian legend and how modern ethics is driven in part by this literature and dynamic and a definition of chivalric code is also to be offered.
Questions Answered
In terms of history, the Dark Ages is the millennia or so that followed the end of the oman Empire. It refers to the cultural and economic downfall that ostensibly happened in Western Europe after the oman Empire was reduced to…
References
Fordham. (2013, October 9). Internet History Sourcebooks. FORDHAM.EDU. Retrieved
October 9, 2013, from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/roland-ohag.asp
MLT. (2013, October 9). Code of Chivalry. Medieval Life and Times. Retrieved October
9, 2013, from http://www.medieval-life-and-times.info/medieval-knights/code-of-chivalry.htm
SWIFT'S A MODEST PPOSAL
Surprise Ending - Swift
The Surprise Ending in Swift's a Modest Proposal
In his essay A Modest Proposal (1729) Jonathon Swift ironically puts forth the proposition that for the betterment of Irish society, children of the poor, particularly Catholic children, because there was an over abundance, should be slaughtered and eaten. Swift maintains that this practice would solve a number of societal problems. It would decrease the number of Papists who are the principle breeders of the nation, as well as the most dangerous enemies, it would turn a liability of the poor, another mouth to feed, into an asset or a valuable commodity, it would increase the overall wealth of the nation, it would be a boon to business, and it would encourage marriage by rewarding parents with monetary gain. The surprise ending is that swift recommends this practice only for Ireland.
At the time…
References
Moore, A. (2002). A modest proposal- Study guide. teachit.co.uk. May 1, 2013, from http://www.universalteacher.org.uk/default.htm
Swift, J. (1729). A modest proposal for preventing the children of poor people from Ireland from becoming a burden on their parents or counrty and for making them benefical to the publick. The Victorian Web. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from http://www.victorianweb.org/previctorian/swift/modest.html
ith Domino's UK, the company has in its annual report and in its press releases outlined its future expansion plans. There are figures readily available with respect to trends in its same store growth and with respect to its dividend policy. All of these factors should, in theory at least, be included in the current share price. The first step in valuing the company will be to ensure that this is the case.
Given that the price of the company today is expected to be the fair value of the company's future earnings, an acquiring firm would need to consider in its valuation the worth of Domino's as part of its operations. Thus, a bid would need to be done on the belief that its acquisition of Domino's would make Domino's more valuable than it already is. This is the concept of synergy, defined as "the specific increases in performance…
Works Cited:
Damodaran, a. (2005). The value of synergy. Stern School of Business working paper. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=841486
Domino's Pizza Annual Report and Accounts 2009. In possession of the author.
Domino's press release. (2009). Domino's launches 'store on wheels' to deliver pizza at top UK events. Domino's UK & IRL plc. Retrieved April 29, 2010 from http://www.dominos.uk.com/media_centre/pdf/Mobile%20unit%20090609.pdf
Domino's UK & Ireland Investor Relations. (2010). Financial Performance. Domino's UK & Ireland Investor Relations. Retrieved April 29, 2010 from http://ww7.investorrelations.co.uk/dominos/financial/index.jsp
etail Sales Management
Executive Summery: PC World is a huge UK retailer that is ever expanding into the technology marketplace. From PC's to washing machines, they offer a one-stop shop for everything technology related. With an appealing advertising system that attracts the middle class Englishman, it is no wonder that their business continues to grow.
PC World is a retailer within the Dixons etail businesses. The stores are located in the United Kingdom and it is the largest chain of computer retail stores in the UK and Ireland with a total of 163 stores. This report will review the overall retail sales management of PC World and how the store's overall strategy allowed for its wide expansion.
Background on Sector: PC World is a retail computer store that specializes in selling computers and computer-related technology. They also carry printers, ink, accessories, games, as well as entertainment technology including televisions, DVD…
References
Fiveash, Kelly (2007). "PC superstore unhinged by Linux."
PC World Ireland
PC World UK
Thomas, Dan (2006). "Dixons owner signs 120m outsourcing deal with Capita."
Yeats acknowledged that Synge was a true genius when regarding things from an artistic point-of-view and insisted that they develop a collaboration in bringing life to the Irish theatre environment. "For some time after his return Synge spent his time renewing his kinship with Ireland, sensing the life and belief of its peasantry" (JOHN MILLINGTON SYNGE).
Many critics believe The Playboy of the estern orld to be one of the most significant of Synge's plays. Synge's work was accompanied by strong critique from behalf of the masses in both Dublin and Philadelphia. People felt that the play was immoral and that it was thus likely to instill confusion in individuals who were vulnerable to being influenced by the playwright's corrupted thinking.
illiam Butler Yeats was one of the foremost individuals in the Irish Theatre environment and also played an important role in the English and Irish literary movement. He joined…
Works cited:
Gassner, John, "The Reader's Encyclopedia of World Drama," (Courier Dover Publications, 09.05.2002)
"JOHN MILLINGTON SYNGE," Retrieved February 24, 2013, from the Theatre History Website: http://www.theatrehistory.com/irish/synge001.html
"William Butler Yeats," Retrived February 24, 2013, from the Online Literature Website: http://www.online-literature.com/yeats/
The deprivation of the locals was ignored, and the government kept itself involved in the corrupt practices, 'since 2000, the government has been accused of transference of most of Zimbabwe's white-owned agriculture land to black political elites with no interest in, or aptitude for, farming' (Steffen, 2005), such measures resulted in the massive downfall of the agricultural goods. This is not to be considered a natural famine, instead an artificial famine has taken place due to the reckless policies of the government without due consideration towards the interests of the locals. The 'inflation of the country has increased by 1700%, and is considered to be the highest in the world' (Steffen, 2005). Under such circumstances where the earning opportunities for the locals have been extremely limited, where the production of agricultural goods have halted, where the trade with international community has dropped, and the imports to the country are being…
References
Christine Kinealy. A Death-Dealing Famine: The Great Hunger in Ireland. 1997. Pluto Press.
James M. Mac Pherson. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. 2003. Oxford University Press.
Seamus Dunn. Northern Ireland: A Promising or Partisan Peace. Journal of International Affairs. Volume: 52. Issue: 2. Columbia University School of International Public Affairs. 2002.
Jean Shaoul. IMF tightens the screws on Zimbabwe. World Socialist Press. 2000.
PIA and the British Government's esponse
The war between the Provisional Irish epublican Army (PIA) and the British State from 1969 to 1998 was a complex situation in which various entities pursued similar and dissimilar aims through various channels (political as well as militaristic/terroristic). Even in the midst of the most violent clashes, secret talks were held between leaders of the PIA and the British State, with the political face of epublican beliefs (Sinn Fein) gaining popular support over the years and to some degree undermining the aims, objectives and capacity of the PIA to operate effectively (O'Brien, 1999; Tonge, 2002). The PIA's strategic effectiveness, however, was also complicated by its own inability to overcome specific problematic features of its own organization -- such as the factors of security and territoriality. Likewise, the British State had enacted a program of using informants and infiltrators to undermine the PIA from within.…
References
Beggan, D. (2009). Understanding Insurgency Violence: A Quantitative Analysis of the Political Violence in Northern Ireland 1969-1999. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32: 705-725.
Bell, J. B. (2008). The Secret Army: The IRA. London: Transaction Publishers.
Bennett, H. (2010). From Direct Rule to Motorman: Adjusting British Military Strategy
for Northern Ireland in 1972. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 33: 511-532.
"
Examples of the mention of the use of the 'crannog' in Lough Laoghaire is stated by Brady and O'Conor to be referenced directly in the Annals of Ulster in 1436. These annals are "contemporary Gaelic records of the high profile events that occurred in Ireland, and such mention carries with it an automatic association of status and dramatic event." (Brady and O'Conor, nd)
III. O'SULLIVAN (1998)
Aidan O'Sullivan writes in the work entitled: "The Archaeology of Lake Settlement in Ireland" (1998) that in the Late Middle Ages...the Gaelic Irish experienced a revival in military power, giving rise to what is commonly known as the 'Gaelic esurgence'" which was a time when raids increased on the English settlements which were richer and there was a "state of endemic warfare across the country." (O'Sullivan, 1998) Cultural and military renewal among the Gaelic Irish were drivers of the 'esurgence' as well as…
References in historical literature further give indications that "crannogs and islands were used as permanent settlements and as temporary fortifications by the Gaelic Irish in the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth centuries." (O'Sullivan, 1998) the military tactics of the Gaelic Irish were such that natural defensive features were used such as those of "lakes, islands, woodlands and bogs." (O'Sullivan, 1998) O'Sullivan states that there is sound archaeological as well as historical evidence that crannogs were occupied as dwellings during the medieval and late medieval periods.
O'Sullivan, just as did Brady and O'Conor, states that historically, the use of crannogs has been ignored by research and has "tended to greatly reduce the attention paid to this later material." (O'Sullivan, 1998) Stated to be the best evidence of archeology for the occupation of crannogs during the thirteenth and sixteenth century were findings of medieval 'everted-rim war and crannog ware..." discovered on several crannogs in the north..." (O'Sullivan, 1998) This type of pottery was hand-made and used for cooking and is stated to be easily distinguished due to its "dark, unglazed appearance and heavy gritty inclusions and texture." (O'Sullivan, 1998)
O'Sullivan states that it is simply obvious that the Gaelic Irish used crannogs and that the Anglo-Normans even used the crannogs at times as defensive military settlements. Twice mentioned in history is the crannog on Lough Oughter which was occupied by the O'Reilleys and which was taken in an attack in 1247 by Milid Mac Gosdelb and also is referred to as the site "from which Toirrdelbach mac Aeda Ua Conchobari escaped in 1246..." (1998)
O'Sullivan additionally states that the work of Giraldus Cambrensis entitled: "Topographia Hiberniae" a twelfth century account of Ireland that the Irish lakes "contain islands rising to some height and very beautiful. The lords of the land usually appropriate them as places of safety and refuge, as well as of habitation. They are inaccessible except by boats." (O'Sullivan, 1998)
O'Conor writes in the work entitled: "Later Medieval Settlement in North Roscommon" that evidence presently available indicates that "despite close contacts with the Anglo-Normans since the 12th century" that it took over two centuries for "Gaelic lords to regularly build defended structures that can be classified as castles." (nd) O'Conor reiterates in this work that a great amount of "documentary, pictorial, radiocarbon, dencrochronological and excavated evidence" is in existence to indicate that the crannogs "were widely occupied and used by Gaelic lords throughout the whole later medieval period." (nd)
They use these cries as their lamentations at their burials. It is said that these cries include outcries which are full of despair and excessive wailings. These are seen to greatly support the Scythian barbarism. These cries, Irenius said, are used by Mr. Stanihurst in proving that the Irish people are Egyptians. The basis for Mr. Stanihurst's argument is the passage in the Scriptures which mentions that the Egyptians lamented for the death of Joseph in the same manner.
While Mr. Stanihurst used the different sorts of cries as an argument in asserting that the Irish are Egyptians, Irenius said that others think this custom of crying originated from the Spaniards. Spaniards are said to immeasurably weep for their dead as well.
However, Irenius pointed out that the manner in which the Spaniards cry didn't originate from the Spaniards. Instead, this manner of crying originated either by the Scythians or…
Reference:
Spenser, Edmund. A View of the Present State of Ireland. Ed. Andrew Hadfield and Willy Maley. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997.
history Mercy International Centre Dublin Catherine McAuley . ( http://www.mercyinternational. ) A history significance Jonathan Swift St. Patricks Cathedral Dublin ( http://www.stpatrickscathedral. ) A synopsis Kilmainham Jail, years functioning description peat bogs Ireland, (significance) The Famine Memorial Dublin ~ established built? Connemara marble churches Ireland? A explanation current political system Ireland .
The Mercy International Centre in Dublin is the hallmark of the mercy mission and its background is essential in providing people with a better understanding of the principles that help build this type of ideology. The building's architecture is not necessarily special, but it compensates through its history and through the intense feelings that numerous people coming here experienced. hile being acquainted with its history a person is very probable to look at it very different from how he or she would have been inclined to perceive it in the beginning.
The building came to function as a…
Works cited:
Cunningham, L. Reich, J. "Culture and Values, Volume II: A Survey of the Humanities with Readings," (Cengage Learning, 16 Jan 2009)
"Brief History of the Peat Industry in Ireland," Retrieved August 25, 2014, from http://www.heartland.ie/articles/brief-history-peat-industry-ireland
"Famine Memorial," Retrieved August 25, 2014, from http://www.discoverireland.ie/Arts-Culture-Heritage/famine-memorial/31500
"Galway Cathedral," Retrieved August 25, 2014, from http://www.dochara.com/places-to-visit/galway-cathedral/
The economy is market-oriented, and highly technologically advanced. Primary sectors include petroleum, steel, motor vehicles, consumer goods, aerospace, and telecommunications (CIA the World Factbook, United States).
Both Ireland and the United States have a high degree of economic freedom. The Heritage Foundation ranks Ireland as the world's 7th freest economy, with high levels of investment, financial, business, and property rights freedom. However, labor freedom is the weakest area for Ireland (Heritage Foundation, Ireland).
The Heritage Foundation ranks the United States as the world's 4th freest economy. Interestingly, the Hertiage Foundation notes "America could do slightly better in fiscal freedom and freedom from government" (Heritage Foundation, United States), while Ireland has more freedom from government (Heritage Foundation, Ireland).
eferences
CIA the World Factbook. 2007. Ireland. https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/ei.html
CIA the World Factbook. 2007. United States. https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/us.html
Heritage Foundation. 2007. Ireland. http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?ID=Ireland
Heritage Foundation. 2007. United States. http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?ID=Unitedstates
Commanding Heights, PBS. United Kingdom. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/uk/uk_political.html
References
CIA the World Factbook. 2007. Ireland. https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/print/ei.html
CIA the World Factbook. 2007. United States. https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/us.html
Heritage Foundation. 2007. Ireland. http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?ID=Ireland
Heritage Foundation. 2007. United States. http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?ID=Unitedstates
professional VAT (value added tax) advice for the managing director of the Grape Limited. The Grape Limited is a U.S. multinational company and decides to incorporate new companies that provide supply management services, management company, manufacturing company and marketing companies. The management company will deliver supply management services to foreign services providers. On the other hand, the manufacturing company will focus on the electronic parts, and marketing company will deliver marketing services for the parts manufactured by the manufacturing company.
VAT egistration
The VAT (value-added tax) is a government levy on any goods or services produced in the epublic of Ireland. The first condition that must be fulfilled before Grape Limited demands for the VAT numbers is to incorporate its businesses in the epublic of Ireland. After the company registrations, the next step is to apply for the VAT number. To apply for the VAT registration number in the epublic…
References
Chattered Accountant (2014). Form VAT 56A. Ireland.
Department of Finance (2015).Summary of 2015 Budget Measures Policy Changes. Ireland.
O'Brien, C. (2014). Personal Tax. KPMG Ireland .
KPMG (2009). Ireland: Country Fact File. KPMG International.
The rules and regulations are designed to level the competition and to disrupt advantages of a country based on price and favored tax status. All of the countries in the union must abide by these tax and trade regulations. In January of 2004, Denmark and Sweden were forced to remove import restrictions on alcohol purchased for personal consumption (EPHA, 2007).
A recent decision by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) determined that the Swedes have attained a monopoly on alcohol. They are attempting to limit the general consumption and limit underage drinking in their country. Alcoholism is considered to be problematic in Sweden and lawmakers see a need to take measures to attempt to curb overall consumption of alcoholic beverages.
The effects of this decision are two-fold, when one considers the impact on expanding Olde Distillerie products to Sweden. The first affect is that this decision supports alcohol as an…
References
Celtic Whisky Campagne. 2003. History of Whisky and of Distillation (I).[Online]Available at: http://www.celtic-whisky.com/histrya.htm. Accessed 24.
European Public Health Alliance. (EPHA). (2007). *UPDATED* ECJ case on Swedish alcohol retail monopoly. [Online]. Available at: www.epha.org/a/2239Accessed 23 December 2007 [Accessed 23, December 2007].
FedEx. 2007. Czech Republic. Country Profile. [Online] Available at http://www.FedEx.com/us/international/irc/profiles/irc_cz_profile.html?gtmcc=us [Accessed 26, December 2007].
FedEx. 2007. Ireland. Country Profile. [Online] Available at http://www.FedEx.com/us/international/irc/profiles/irc_ie_profile.html?gtmcc=us [Accessed 26, December 2007].
Business Transformation Strategy
GE Capital oodchester is a leading provider of motor car, equipment, and personal finance in the country of Ireland. They offer the most flexible packages for diverse financial needs and as such, have earned the position of leading the personal and capitol acquisition financial services. GE Capital oodchester also provides specialized financing and services and they focus on niches including equipment and car leasing, hire purchase and loans to businesses and individuals across Ireland. Headquartered in Dublin, GE Capital oodchester services the financial needs of its customers through its regional sales centers and extensive dealer and partner network.
GE Capital oodchester is a wholly owned subsidiary of GE Capital. ith assets of more than U.S.$425 billion, (gecapitol.ie, online) GE Capital is a global, diversified financial services company with 28 specialized businesses worldwide. GE Capital has had an enviable record of growth over the past decade delivering value…
Works Cited
Who We Are. (2002) GE Capitol. Accessed 6 August 2003. Website: http://gecapital.ie/GECapital/WhoWeAre.cfm
Our Expertise. (2002) GE Capitol. Accessed 6 August 2003. Website: http://gecapital.ie/GECapital/OurExpertise.cfm
Hill, C. & Jones, G. (2001) Strategic management: an integrated approach, 5th ed. Houghton Mifflin Company: Boston.
Porter, Michael. (1980) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors New York: Simon and Schuster.
Geography
Trip to Ireland
The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and create a dream trip to Ireland. Shaara. Specifically, it will include the plan for a trip, including all the necessary arrangements a trip like this would entail. I have always dreamed of visiting Ireland because my family has roots there, and because I love the history of the place, and would love to see it first hand. I want to see as many of the castles and countryside as I possibly can, and of course, take in a pub or two! I also would like to stay in bed and breakfasts as much as possible, because I would enjoy seeing the countryside as opposed to the city, and getting to know the people a little more. I will drive or take the bus as much as possible throughout the country so I can experience it first…
References
Avison, Brigid. Essential Ireland. London: Little, Brown and Company, 1992.
Fare Quote." AerLingus. 2003. 16. Dec. 2003. http://www.flyaerlingus.com/cgi-bin/obel01im1/bookonline/[email protected]@@@[email protected]@@@&BV_EngineID=ccceadckeiikkklcefecfigdffgdfkh.0
Home." Irish Tourist Board. 2003. 16 Dec. 2003. http://www.ireland.travel.ie/home/
Murphy, John. A Little Irish Cookbook. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1986.
Irish poetry is unavoidably shaped by its historical, social, and political context. The Troubles have infiltrated poets throughout several generations, permitting unique artistic insight into the conflict. Younger poets writing about The Troubles in Northern Ireland understandably have a different point-of-view than poets from a previous generation. Their personal experiences were different, and the historical events they witnessed or were surrounded by in the media likewise differed from their predecessors. Yet there are also shared themes that provide the inextricable cultural links between all poets of Northern Ireland. Some poets, like Seamus Heaney, rely heavily on literalism and a direct political commentary in addition to poetic tropes like symbols of colonization. Likewise, Derek Mahon does not hold back in terms of diction related to The Troubles. hen examining poets from an earlier generation, who wrote during some of the most violent occasions of The Troubles, allusions and metaphors seem to…
Works Cited
Heaney, Seamus.
Kearney, Timothy, Hewitt, John and Montague, John. "Beyond the Planter and the Gael: Interview with John Hewitt and John Montague on Northern Poetry and The Troubles." The Crane Bag. Vol. 4, No. 2 p. 85-92, 1980/1981.
Longley, Michael.
Mahon, Derek.
Republic of Ireland
he history of the Republic of Ireland is said by many to have begun with the Easter Rising of 1916. And it is true that, at the start of that momentous conflict between Ireland and England, the Irish Republic was declared by the self-proclaimed Provisional government. But a single event such as that was born in the planning, and in this case, it had it true effects in the aftermath. he personalities contributing to it, too, had a major impact on the birth of that nation. So, it might well be argued that the Easter Rising of 1916 got its start in about 1913, and culminated about 1917 or so...or even, to stretch a point, in 1921 when the War of Independence (the Black and an War) was over. (imeline, 1995)
On April 24, 1916, 1,550 members of two Irish paramilitary groups, the Irish Volunteers and Irish…
The British had most of the ordinary Irish on their side. But then they made the blunder that cost them, eventually, the land that would become the Republic of Ireland. Between the third and tenth of May 1916, they executed the rebel leaders including Pearse, Casement and James Connolly, who ha been wounded and had to be tied to a chair to be shot. (Neville, 2001)
While arguably most of the rebels were Roman Catholic, as opposed to the Protestantism of the British, that was not universally true. In fact, Connolly was both an agnostic, at best, and the leader of the Marxist Labor movement in Ireland. While it is not surprising that Pearse invoked the "Name of the Father and of the Son and of the Blessed Virgin" to sanctify the rebellion, it is surprising that the "general Catholic piety" extended to Connolly. When he was sentenced to death, he "accepted unreservedly the teaching and authority of the Catholic Church, asked for its sacred rites in preparation for his execution, and died in its communion' according to the Franciscan priest who visited him on the night before his execution. (Boyd, 1995)
Another member of the Easter Rising leadership was Eamon De Valera. His religion wasn't what made him unusual; it was his citizenship, which also kept him alive. Because he had been born in New York City, he was
The gatehouse at Harlech contained spacious chambers or halls, with fireplaces and latrines. There is little doubt that the guardhouse was home to the constable of the castle. Master James of St. George, the Harlech's builder, was himself appointed constable of his creation (Williams 2007, p. 7). The gatehouse was also occupied, in this period, by Sir John de Bonvillars, Deputy Justiciar of North Wales. The larger rooms on each level were fitted with tall windows. The most favored rooms faced the courtyard, the chimneys of their fireplaces making an additional architectural arrangement on the roof of the gatehouse (Williams 2007, p. 21). The view from Harlech is particularly impressive. The sea and the mountains of Snowdonia provide a majestic backdrop to the royal castle. It has even been suggested at oscommon that the castle's original location beside a lake and in the middle of an expansive field may have…
References
Barry, T.B., 1988, the Archaeology of Medieval Ireland, London: Routledge.
Brown, Allen, 1970, English Castles, Chancellor Press, 59 Grosvenor St., London.
Curtis, E., 2002,. A History of Ireland: From Earliest Times to 1922, London: Routledge.
Davies, R.R., 1997, the Revolt of Owain Glyn Dwr, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
The RIRA on occasion attacks a British army base, or bombs a civilian site just to show it is still out there while FARC is a powerful force that the government has no choice but to negotiate with. Also, the RIRA does not recruit young children for its violent terrorist activities, while FARC recruits and kidnaps thousands of young boys and trains them in guerrilla warfare. The RIRA does not have thousands of acres of poppies (to make into cocaine) that it can within its territory -- the RIRA has no established territory -- that it can exploit (tax) in order to raise money. That said, the RIRA does do some drug smuggling, according to credible sources.
There is an interesting connection between FARC and the RIRA: Evidence shows that the RIRA has been training FARC in "new technology" (bombs/mortars) (www.bbc.co.uk).
orks Cited
Center for Defense Information. (2007). Revolutionary Armed…
Works Cited
Center for Defense Information. (2007). Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).
Retrieved Feb. 6, 2009, from http://www.cdi.org/terrorism/terrorist-groups.cfm .
Global Security. (2008). Real Irish Republican Army. Retrieved Feb. 5, 2009, from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/nira.htm .
Global Security. (2009). Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia -- FARC. Retrieved Feb.
St. Patrick of Ireland: A Biography. Philip Freeman. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005.
The book by Philip Freeman takes the reader deeper into the life and times of St. Patrick of Ireland than any previous publication has been able to do. Freeman's thesis is that there have previously been many unknowns about St. Patrick and the author was determined to solve those mysteries as thoroughly as he could. The work was written based on Freeman's passion to truly understand and share his knowledge of St. Patrick to readers around the world. Bringing St. Patrick's fascinating life into a well-thought-out narrative was a valuable historical service for Freeman. The purpose of this book review is to present a realistic portrait of St. Patrick, the saint after whom a special day is designated -- and while millions of people celebrate St. Patrick's Day, very few are likely to know anything at…
Conflict esolution and Peacemaking
The conflict presented in the article is focused on the tense relations between British and Irish groups that held deeply divisive beliefs about a range of differences between the two cultures. There were significant tensions in the social divisions not only with the British, but also within Ireland itself which were primarily the result of sectarian divides in the population (White, 2013). Many of the warring factions had a strong sense of identity with their cultural heritage along the lines of their religious preferences for either Catholicism or Protestantism and much of the struggle perpetuated between those who viewed themselves as the oppressed and/or colonized and their oppressors (Lane, 1998). The oyal Irish Constabulary (IC) was an armed colonial style of police force and was viewed by much of the Irish population as being the administrative thugs that were doing the bidding of the British government.…
References
Arthur, P. (2015). The Role of Civil Society in the Northern Ireland Conflict. Palestine - Israel Journal of Politics, Economics, and Culture, 96-101.
Hayward, K. (2003). The Region between State and Nation: British and Irish conceptions of Northern Ireland as a European Region1. Perspectives on European Politics & Society, 417-443.
Lane, J. (1998). Police co-operation and internal conflict resolution strategies: The case of Ireland. Innovation, 267-276.
White, T. (2013). Generational Change and Redefining Identities: Post-conflict Peacebuilding in Northern Ireland. Peace Research, 95-117.
This is because they agreed with these beliefs and felt that Ireland should remain a part of England. ("Irish," 2009) (Cotrell, 2006) (Sachar, 2011)
While the Catholics, wanted a nation that was free of English rule and did not have any connections to the Crown. This was dominated by state supported religion that was following the practices established by St. Patrick. These divisions are illustrating the differences between the two sides. Over the course of time, this helped to fuel increased amounts of anger and animosity. ("Irish," 2009) (Cotrell, 2006) (Sachar, 2011)
Influence and power fermented animosity. This is because favoritism was provided to those individuals who are supportive of British policies. These people had the opportunity to own land and become more upwardly mobile. Over the course of time, this helped to improve the economic prosperity of select groups.
While the rest of society, was forced to live a…
References
Irish. (2009). Teara. Retrieved from: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/irish/1
Cotrell, P. (2006). The Anglo Irish War. Oxford: Osprey.
Sachar, M. (2011). Conflict Resolution Management.
Maxx Company -- Strategic Marketing Plan
TK Maxx Strategic Marketing Plan
TK Maxx is expanding beyond the brick and mortar footprint that helped it rise to the top of retail operations in the United Kingdom. As with its competitors, TK Maxx has entered the mobile digital market and is implementing multiple distribution channels (McVey, 1960). The company has a clear target market that transcends the various channels over which its goods are marketed. This is the case because the market segment targeted by TK Maxx is made up of digital natives or consumers who have discovered the benefits of being technologically savvy -- particularly for shopping.
The marketing objectives for TK Maxx were identified as follows:
To increase market share for kid's shoes by 25% by September 2018.
To increase market share in home textiles by 15% by September 2018.
To increase e-commerce sales of designer bags and accessories by…
References
Bankruptcy announcement. (2012) Feline's Basement. Available at http://www.filenesbasement.com/
Burt S. And Sparks L (2003) Competitive analysis of the retail sector in the UK. Institute for Retail Studies, University of Stirling: 78.
Cavazza, M. (2004), 'Nanotechnology promises to alter the face of fashion', Retail Week, (11 June, 2004)
Case study: Total Logistics takes it to the max for TK Maxx. (2001) Total Logistics. Available at http://www.total-logistics.eu.com/supply-chain-documents/2011_TK-Maxx_CS.pdf
hile some eventually returned to their homelands, the vast majority settled throughout the United States, forming ethnic communities in urban areas, and homesteading farmlands in the west and mid-west rural areas. They fled their homelands due to economic depressions, and/or religious and political persecutions for the opportunity to establish a better life in the New orld, and in the process endured many hardships and often discrimination. Today, more than 43 million Americans claim German ancestry, and another 34 million claim Irish roots.
orks Cited
Cohn, Raymond L. "Immigration to the United States." Illinois State University.
Retrieved November 13, 2006 at http:/ / the.net/encyclopedia/article/cohn.immigration.us
Hansen, Lawrence Douglas Taylor. "The Chinese Six Companies of San Francisco and the smuggling of Chinese immigrants across the U.S.-Mexico border, 1882-1930." Journal of the Southwest. March 22, 2006. Retrieved November 13, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.
Hardwick, Susan . "Galveston: Ellis Island of Texas." Journal of…
Works Cited
Cohn, Raymond L. "Immigration to the United States." Illinois State University.
Retrieved November 13, 2006 at http:/ / the.net/encyclopedia/article/cohn.immigration.us
Hansen, Lawrence Douglas Taylor. "The Chinese Six Companies of San Francisco and the smuggling of Chinese immigrants across the U.S.-Mexico border, 1882-1930." Journal of the Southwest. March 22, 2006. Retrieved November 13, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.
Hardwick, Susan W. "Galveston: Ellis Island of Texas." Journal of Cultural Geography.
As Sir Anthony O'eilly, Chairman of Waterford Wedgwood, noted in a recent speech that they are operating against a "backdrop of unprecedented broad-based economic uncertainty."
This economic uncertainty has had a global impact. From the high rates of business bankruptcies in the United States, to the financial collapse of one of the previously richest countries in the world -- Iceland, to the 11.2 million percent inflation rate of Zimbabwe, no corner of the globe is untouched by the massive liquidation cycle in which the global economy appears to be.
Consumer confidence has declined. Banks have lost faith in one another. Currencies around the world, such as the American dollar, weakened considerably.
And, despite Waterford Wedgwood's more than two hundred years of setting industry standards, the organization must now operate in an economic environment that appears to work directly against their primary products -- luxury lifestyle items.
Yet, despite these trying…
References
About the company. (2009). Retrieved June 9, 2009, from http://www.royaldoulton.com/U.S./_Help_Information/CompanyInformation/AbouttheCompany .
Corporate profile. (2009). Retrieved June 9, 2009, from http://www.waterfordwedgewood.com/investor_corpProfile1.asp .
Goldhorn, M. (Jan/Feb 2009). Market turmoil require new ways to build capital. The Value Examiner. pp. 23-30.
History of Wedgwood. (2009). Retrieved June 9, 2009, from http://www.wedgwoodusa.com/about/history.asp .
Considering both perspectives in the light of Northern Ireland and Iraq yields some additional insight into the viability of partitioning as a means of resolving ethnic conflict. In Northern Ireland, partitioning was attempted and physically enforced to a degree, though there were always ethnic Irish living in the North and even some British/Protestants living in Ireland proper. That partitioning failed to end the ethnic conflict on this island is painfully clear with even a cursory glance at the last decades of the twentieth century (violence tapered off dramatically in the first decade of the twenty-first century due in large part to a changing geopolitical scene): bombings of civilian areas, assassinations, and open resentment and street violence were major problems in Belfast and throughout Northern Ireland, with parts of Ireland proper affects as well. This situation highlights one of the key problems with partitioning as a means of addressing ethnic violence…