Manhattan Project Essays (Examples)

Manhattan Project was one of the most documented events in American and World History. The discussion will provide an explanation of the Manhattan Project and how the project changed society forever. The purpose of this essay is to provide a historiographic discussion on the topic of the Manhattan project.

The Manhattan Project Summary

According to a book entitled The Manhattan Project and published by the Department of Energy, Albert Einstein was actually quite instrumental in the development of the Manhattan Project. According to the book Einstein wrote a now famous letter explaining to President Roosevelt advances in science related to chain reactions through the use of Uranium. Einstein asserted that this new scientific discovery could lead to the development of bombs that would be extremely powerful and destructive.

In the letter, Einstein also revealed to the president that Germany was already attempting to build bombs involving this new scientific discovery.…

Nevertheless, the launching of the first atomic bomb on the part of the U.S. was highly criticized, especially because they had found a way to end the war which entailed sacrificing the lives of tens of thousands of innocent civilians. Their initiative to build the first atomic bomb was considered by many as the supreme proof of vanity, American exceptionalism at its best in the sense that it embodied the country's belief that it had the responsibility to end international conflict according to its own plans, disregarding international law. In order to understand how the Manhattan Project embodied American Exceptionalism, a short overview of this idea is in order. Exceptionalism represents the notion that America has a special destiny different from that of other nations, an idea that permeates every period of American history. Although it was coined as an attempt to explain the special circumstances behind the birth of…

A uranium-fueled nuclear weapon nicknamed Little Boy exploded over Hiroshima only three weeks after the Trinity test. A uranium-fueled nuclear weapon had not even been tested on the Trinity site. It was the Plutonium-fueled imploding bomb that most concerned and excited Manhattan Project scientists. The potential for destruction and sheer military might became starkly visible on July 16, 1945. Fat Man, a bomb modeled after the one imploded at Trinity, imploded at Nagasaki on August 9 of that year, forcing the Japanese surrender. The Second World War came to an end, but the Cold War would usher in a new era of intense fear.

The White Sands Missile ange remains "one of the most sophisticated test facilities in the world," ("Trinity Site Pamphlet"). Anti-proliferation treaties reflect the understanding that nuclear weapons remain a major threat to world peace. With hardly any evidence and only one plutonium test at Trinity, the…

Manhattan Project, and examines whether or not we should have dropped the bomb associated with the project.

The Manhattan Project: An Examination

In 1939, the United States got word through various channels of intelligence that the Nazis in Germany were planning to develop an atomic bomb. This was startling and upsetting news for the United States, as the prospect of the Nazis with the most powerful weapon in the world was not a comforting one. As a result, the United States began its own project to develop and build an atomic bomb before the Nazis or the Japanese did. The United States began this project in 1942 under the Army Corps of Engineers. It was the atomic bomb that was developed during this effort, an effort known as the Manhattan Project, that was eventually dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This paper examines the history behind the Manhattan Project and analyzes…

Significant Historical Questions and AnswersEssay 1In The Manhattan Project, Jeff Hughes claims that the development of atomic weapons in World War II did not create \\\"Big Science,\\\" but simply accelerated trends in scientific research and development that had already taken place. Furthermore, he suggests that these \\\"Big Science\\\" trends created serious problems in the direction of scientific research by the second half of the twentieth century - problems which many argued could be remedied by moving away from (or at least softening) the stress on \\\"Big Science.\\\"In an essay demonstrating your knowledge of the text, analyze Hughes\\\'s argument, concentrating on the following questions: What, according to Hughes, is \\\"Big Science,\\\" and how did the construction of the atomic bomb reflect such an approach to research and development? Do you believe such an approach was necessary? Why?Although Hughes provides a thoughtful analysis of the emergence of big science, defined generally as…

If so, the project manager has the necessary tools to assess the project's progress and communicate its status and needs to others.

Conclusion:

Useful tools are defined for project management. Prior to initiation, there are tools for ensuring that all parties agree on the goal, the approach, the costs, the personnel, the timetable, and the "deliverables." Yet, only when these are defined and agreed upon can the project planning begin. Furthermore, only when the plans are defined and agreed upon can the project actually commence! It quickly becomes apparent why we speak in terms of project phases. The project management profession has developed tools, techniques, education, certification, publications, and organizations to enhance the collective skill set of its practitioners. The reason is quite clear - there is a tremendous amount of money at risk and too few projects are complete successes. However, the profession continues to self-improve. Gifted individuals bring…

Project Management

The project selected for this study is the opening of a new restaurant in New York City. This restaurant will be named: "Home Grown." It will be fashioned after the restaurant-creation in the television program "Fifteen" in the U.K. Food Network, a cable television channel has decided to open the restaurant by hiring fifteen trainees. The trainees will be taught all the requisite skills to chefs. Along with that they will also be able to assess the related needs of the restaurant industry. Jamie Oliver, the mastermind behind "Fifteen" in the U.K. has been selected to head this project along with his sous-chef who would be monitor the daily operations in NY City. The restaurant is to open on Christmas Eve, 2004 and it is hoped that it will be a success. Food Network has a budget of ten million dollars earmarked for this project. Any profits from…

As designs continue to roll out, it will be crucial to keep the public engaged, so that the new business developments will only enhance the community, and not isolate members from their beloved neighborhoods. Kathleen Treed, of the Hell's Kitchen Neighborhood Association, believes that this is a "fabulous example of working towards community benefit." This truly is an example of a community working together to beautify a shared space, while still working to increase its overall functionality and safety to improve the lives of the residents and visitors within its proximity. It is more important now than ever to show your support or opposition to the projects as they continue to develop from designs on paper into reality.

Part II

As the cityscape of Manhattan continues to change, it is crucial that we do not loose focus on the human aspect of life here in the city. So many are…

Tenants in the 11th Avenue area, where a great deal of the construction and development continues to upset daily lives of those who live there, have reported that they have been continually harassed by those involved in the construction. When they refuse to move out of their homes and refuse to accept the miniscule offers of remuneration either because they see the amount as highly insufficient or because they have not the inclination to move out of their homes, which is completely their right, they are pressed by landlords to get out or face even more dire consequences. Landlords and building owners who want to get rid of their tenants who pay for modest rooms want them out so they can refurbish, rebuild, and charge other tenants far larger sums, sometimes for the same amount of room in their apartments. Some want to convert modest apartments into luxury hotels or…

African-Americans and Puerto icans, for instance, have a long history of racial tensions. The other maids celebrate Marissa's promotion by doing an improbable dance of joy to show her success is a success for all of them -- in real life, they might be happy for her, but maid work is hard work that doesn't leave a lot of energy for dancing on the job. It is only one step above cleaning people's houses for a living and only better because there is a place to go up and a chance for advancement at a hotel while there is no place to go when working in a private home. But it still involves cleaning the toilets and scrubbing the floors.

Marissa is very intelligent, as pointed out to her by the butler who quit when she got fired. He gives her a little speech in which he says, "To serve…

ccording to the National Geographic Society, formal regions are those that are generally recognized as such as a result of being shared by people with common cultural characteristics or goals. Chinatown can therefore be characterized as formal, as it is generally occupied by Chinese immigrants, as the case has also been in historical terms.

functional region is referred to as a central area serving the neighborhoods around it. It is generally connected to the areas it serves by means of transportation routes. Chinatown is connected with its surrounding regions, but does not serve them for purposes other than tourism or entertainment. In broad terms, it is unlikely that the region can then be characterized as formal.

Finally, a vernacular, or what the National Geographic Society refers to as "perceptual" regions, are those without particular physical boundaries, but that are based upon human attitudes or feelings. Examples are Dixie, southern California,…

That is not to say that theory and application cannot be separated into ethical categories. They can be, but those categorizations are always going to be somewhat skewed by the researcher, because no human being is capable of perfect neutrality. To assume that one can research for the sake of purse science really does involve imaging that scientists are not human beings with their own personal motivations. Moreover, this is not an issue that developed in the post-atomic world. Even before the use of the atomic bomb, scientists were motivated by personal motivations that kept them from being completely neutral. Therefore, it might be better to consider the ethics of scientific discovery from a viewpoint that includes the inherent morality of a discovery. For example, chemotherapy could be used as a weapon with very disastrous results, because its side-effects are devastating and can even be fatal. However, chemotherapies are developed…

musical style epitomized the 1920s? Jazz

What did John Steinbeck describe in he Grapes of Wrath? he dust bowl and its impact on agricultural families during the great depression.

National Industrial Recovery Act? An act created by President Roosevelt to stimulate the economy by allowing the government to regulate particular industries.

What did the Civilian Conservation Corps do? Created jobs on state and national lands to stimulate the economy.

What did Eleanor Roosevelt see as her primary role as First Lady? o be an advocate for civil rights

Which of the following was not true concerning the election of 1936? Incomplete Question

Which of the following pieces of legislation was an attempt at campaign reform in the late 1930s? Incomplete Question

he National Resources Planning Board facilitated? he National Resources Planning Board facilitated creating and implementing employment for young men during the great depression.

What feature of the Agricultural Adjustment…

World War II, which took place from 1939-1945, was waged by the Allied Nations as a struggle for freedom against the evil and totalitarian regimes that existed in Germany, Italy and Japan.

Leaders of the War

There were several leaders that made decisions that contributed to the start and end of WWII. Adolf Hitler, who became the leader of Germany during the Great Depression, is blamed for WWII. He raised German spirits by telling them of a better future and a better Germany. ut in reality, he gave them a war. Hitler planned to expand Germany by taking Austria, Poland, and many other countries. He believed that German people were superior to the rest of the world and wanted everyone to prove this. (Keegan)

efore Hitler, the spirit and nationalism of the German people was very low, but he was able to get the German people to take pride in…

Validation of Commercial Baking as an Effective Step to Control/Inactivate Salmonella in Baked Products

Major findings, analysis and conclusions

Description of the baking industry and baking emphasis in the United States.

Purpose and structure of importance

Description of the problem being addressed and its importance to the practice of applied food safety

Process of Consultation

Outline how the client (ABA) will be engaged and carefully define the problem

Identification of key stakeholders

Overview and feedback of findings and results

ecommended actions and dissemination of these recommendations

Plans for implementation and measurement

Major findings. The U.S. had approximately 167,600 baker positions available in 2012 and around 6% of these were self-employed (Bakery business, 2016). Although industry analysts project sustained growth in the U.S. baking industry, this growth will not be on par with other industries (Bakery business, 2016). Currently, the U.S. baking industry is a nearly $310 billion industry that has…

Marilyn Alsaadi

Dr. Megan Sethi

Mokusatsu: Translation lunders and the Atomic omb

The motive behind President Harry Truman's decision to drop two atomic bombs on Japan is one of those most debated topics of 20th century history. Much attention is often focused on two widely held perspectives: first, that the American government was reluctant to invade the Japanese mainland and, second, that the United States wished to preempt the nuclear arms race by establishing itself as the global leader of "atomic diplomacy." However, popular debates almost always fail to acknowledge that a relatively minor linguistic mishap was the real catalyst behind the series of events leading up to Hiroshima and Nagasaki.. Despite the larger ideological motivations most often cited by historians, the "mokusatsu" translation blunder is in fact the actual historical event that directly triggered the dropping of two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

y the summer of 1945…

Apollo Program on Technology

Some people do not understand the space program. They consider it an indulgence with little to add to the practical world. What they fail to consider is that the space program has facilitated much of the science that is responsible for today's technological advances. In fact, putting aside anything that the space program has contributed to the knowledge of the universe as a greater system, it is still clear that the space program has made significant contributions to modern technology. In order to explore the relationship between the space program and technological innovation, this paper will examine the impact of the Apollo Program on modern technology. Discoveries made as part of the Apollo Program have led to advances and changes across a wide swath of modern technology; literally changing the face of modern America. Furthermore, these changes would not have been likely with the information garnered…

Despite these constraints, China does in fact have an impressive transportation infrastructure already, and China's rankings relative to the rest of the world in various transportation infrastructure categories is provided in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Current Status of China's Transportation Infrastructure

Infrastructure Category

Statistics/Current Status

World Rank

Airports

15

Railways

77,834 km

3

Roadways

3,583,715 km (includes 53,913 km of expressways)

2

Waterways

110,000 km navigable

1

Merchant marine

1,826

3

Ports and terminals

Dalian, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin (see map at Appendix a)

Source: China, 2010

The network of paved highways and roads that extends throughout China, though, is not the same type of national and unified transportation system that exists in the U.S., Japan and Europe that are characterized by uniform standards and regulatory guidelines and many of the roadways are in bad condition [10]. Notwithstanding the current state of the roadways throughout China,…

S. Government to make future or immediate monetary outlays. In the second subcomponent, the reporting and outlay phase lasts for the duration until the funds are canceled or until the funds are totally disbursed. One should note that these cancellations are in no way connected with cancellations that are connected with budget reductions. These are a separate congressional activity (ibid).

Sometimes spending adjustments are needed during the fiscal year. They may require special reporting and approval procedures by both Congress and OMB. In some instances, an agency can request supplemental funding by submitting a request to the Congress. Mostly, the departments and agencies are required to manage their funds according to their available resources and have only a limited monitoring by the OMB and the Congress during this particular phase of the budget process (Government Printing Office, 29-30).

hat is the effect of this system in theory as well as…

It might be acknowledged that politics are good at times, but for the company, it is more important to create a sound system of management that would be more in touch with the needs and requirements of employees. The short-term goal would therefore be to determine these needs and goals by means of a number of interviews. Employees will be encouraged to voice their concerns and needs, as well as to provide input for the improvement of the company as a whole. In both the short- and long-term, the most important factor to install would be a sound basis of communication among employers, employees, and everybody in the company. Only by communicating effectively within its internal environment can the company begin to prioritize and reach its goals effectively.

Shuceta's motivation for taking the job might be explained by the incentive theory of motivation (Cherry, 2012), which holds that a person…

As a result, contemporary computer systems and networks must be well protected against malicious intrusions and other attempts to gain unauthorized access to computers and network systems (Schneider, 1999).

Legal and Privacy Issues in the Workplace and Copyright Issues

The prevalence of digital technology for social networking has also generated entirely new areas of law and issues of public policy, such as in connection with the privacy of individuals in the workplace (Dershowitz, 2002). Nowadays, Internet use and e-mail communications are so prevalent and so much a part of both commercial enterprise functions and social networking that contemporary employers must routinely establish specific rules and policies for authorized non-work-related uses of their equipment and information systems. Likewise, the privacy rights of employees in connection with their Internet use at work are extremely limited and subject to monitoring to an extent that is prohibited by federal law with respect to other…

The same access to formerly secret information from the Cold War era also revealed the extent to which Soviet infiltration of the highest level of American military projects had served to further exhaust the American economy by necessitating continual development of strategic and tactical weapon systems to counter escalating technological improvements in Soviet military systems. The first successful test of a Soviet nuclear weapon in 1949 was directly attributable to Soviet infiltration of the top secret Manhattan Project; American pilots flew combat missions against Soviet Mig fighters developed with information stolen from American weapon designs through espionage; and that dynamic persisted virtually throughout the Cold War (Langewiesche 2007).

The financial strain of continuous nuclear deterrence and the perpetual modernization and updating of sophisticated strategic weapon systems was among the principle causes of the eventual collapse of the former Soviet Union. By 1989, the protracted war in Afghanistan had all but…

Termed "the forgotten battle," the Battle for the Aleutians represented the only instance during World War II when the Japanese occupied American soil and the campaign exacted a significant toll of American lives and treasure. The Aleutians became strategically significant during World War II for the Japanese as well as the United States, but the American preparations in anticipation of this attack were woefully inadequate. Despite a U.S. naval base was being established at Dutch Harbor in 1942, the Japanese bombed the base and later occupied Attu, Kiska, and Agattu islands. Although a U.S. counterattack from bases on Adak and Amchitka retook these islands in 1943, several thousand of American lives were lost in the process and many more were injured. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the primary and secondary juried and scholarly literature concerning the Battle of the Aleutians to…

Mobile phones are another major area of emerging technologies. Not just for phoning home anymore, mobile phones are becoming more and more robust, integrating full PDA functionality and even permitting streaming video content. Communications providers offer the biggest obstacles in seamless digital streaming, because of the confusing array of services and relatively poor download speeds. Finally, consumers are becoming increasingly sensitive to the possibility of identity theft. As technology becomes increasingly versatile, the potential for the usurpation of privacy rises too. The government has yet to step in decisively and will soon be forced to develop a new wave of consumer protection laws as well as creative laws protecting intellectual property.

orks Cited

Anderson, Mark. "MIT's Energy 'Manhattan Project'" ired News. Aug 11, 2006. Retrieved Aug 12, 2006 at http://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,71574-0.html?tw=wn_index_3

Doggs, Alpha. "Could Your Keyboard Spy on You?" Network orld. Aug 8, 2006. Retrieved Aug 12, 2006 at http://www.networkworld.com/community/?q=node/6550&ts

Gizmodo.…

As activists in women's liberation, discussing and analyzing the oppression and inequalities they experienced as women, they felt it imperative to find out about the lives of their foremothers -- and found very little scholarship in print" (Women's history, 2012, para. 3). This dearth of scholarly is due in large part to the events and themes that are the focus of the historical record. In this regard, "History was written mainly by men and about men's activities in the public sphere -- war, politics, diplomacy and administration. Women are usually excluded and, when mentioned, are usually portrayed in sex-stereotypical roles, such as wives, mothers, daughters and mistresses. History is value-laden in regard to what is considered historically 'worthy'" (Women's history, 2012, para. 3).

In what Kessler (1994, p. 139) describes as "the all-too-common historical exclusion or devaluation of women's contributions," the male-dominated record of human history has either diminished the…

loved to discover how gadgets in the world worked. My parents quickly realized how intuitively I took to the various challenges of my childhood, and gently guided me down the path of engineering. In high school I studied chemistry, and I was fascinated by the possibilities of chemical engineering. From fuel cell technology to metallurgy to oil refinement, I find that a significant portion of the future of humanity lies in this field. I have been interested in chemical engineering since I read about the Manhattan Project in the United States in the 1940s, which is a scientific project that changed the world dramatically. I entered college and went on to study chemical engineering, growing both my interest in the field as well as my knowledge and technical ability.

I studied both theory and practice, and received a well-rounded introduction to the field of engineering. I learn best when I…

Production: Gaumont-British; Producer: Michael Balcon; Screenplay and Adaptation: Charles Bennett and Alma Reville from the novel by John Buchan; Principal Actors: Madeleine Carroll, Robert Donat, Lucie Mannheim and Godfrey Tearle

The 39 Steps was based on the John Buchan novel, written in 1915. Hitchcock freely adapted and changed the premise of the novel that very little of the original plot remained. Buchan, who was also the British Governor General in Canada at that time, was initially upset; but, after he saw the final product, he admitted that the film was much better than his novel.

This was the first time that Hitchcock used the now often-repeated theme of sympathy for the man unjustly framed and on the run, all the while attempting to clear his besmirched name and find the real culprit. Hitchcock also used the techniques of combining two scenes unrelated visually but by sound. The director relied more…

Era Franklin D. oosevelt, 1933-1945: A Brief History With Documents ichard Polenberg -- 4 Polenberg quotes, brackets quote i.e [polenberg, page number] 2.Franklin Delano oosevelt Alan Brinkley- 4 quotes brackets [Brinkley, page number] 3.

Franklin Delano oosevelt has had a strong impact on U.S. politics for several decades during the twentieth century. The fact that he had influential roles throughout some of the era's most significant events made it possible for him to develop attitudes that put him in an advantage. Even with this, his leadership abilities are also remarkable when considering his background without taking into account events like the Second World War or the Great Depression.

One oosevelt's most impressive early achievements involved the founding of the United States Navy eserve. As a person in charge of this institution, he got actively involved in a series of dealings involving influential individuals and communities in U.S. politics. In spite…

Intelligence

Israel collects intelligence on American foreign policy related to Israel and the Middle East, as well as on scientific and technological developments, including those from the private sector. The gathering of intelligence from a foreign ally is neither an unusual nor new practice. Moreover, the United States reciprocates the favor and likewise gathers intelligence on Israel. The Untied States certainly cannot expect Israel or any other nation to refrain from using surveillance, while at the same time gathering intelligence against those very same nations. For Israel, areas of general interest for Israeli intelligence collectors include military and economic policy and of course, intelligence services themselves such as the CIA (Caramela, 2014). Intelligence is used to bolster Israel's own national security, military, and technological capabilities. The methods Israel uses to gather intelligence are varied and range from computer hacking to communications surveillance. easons for gathering intelligence on an ally are…

Nuclear Fuel Cycle is a set of different processes that utilize nuclear materials and then returns them to their initial state, in a cyclical manner. It begins with the mining of naturally occurring nuclear materials from the environment, and ends with safe and proper disposal of nuclear waste products back to the environment. Production of energy from Uranium requires several unique processes. One of the terms used in this production of nuclear energy is front end, referring to the entire set of processes involved in making nuclear energy from the uranium ore in the nuclear fuel cycle. The processes involved are: [1] mining, [2] crushing, [3] processing, [4] enrichment, and [5] the fabrication of fuel. After being used to produce energy, the nuclear material is now known as spent fuel. The spent fuel has to be converted in a reprocessing or storage facility if the company wants to recycle it.…

Ah Cy, president and CEO of SAIC Motors, looked out the window of her executive office on the 210th floor of the newly constructed, multi-billion dollar Celestial Building overlooking the Huangpu iver in Shanghai and was pleased with what she saw. In just 20 years, Shanghai had cleaned up its environment, virtually eliminated poverty and had provided modern housing and comprehensive social services for its more than 50 million residents, meaning that it was still the largest city in the world just as it had been in 2015. Indeed, Ms. Cy had good reason to be pleased since these were not insignificant accomplishments and reflected the city's ability to overcome the challenges it faced a half century before. In fact, it had only been in 2040 that scientists had cautioned the Chinese leadership that if actions were not taken immediately, it might be too late to reverse the environmental impact…

Table of Contents

1. Titles
2. Topics
3. Outline
4. Abstract
5. Introduction
6. Thesis Statement
7. Body of Essay
8. Conclusion
9. Works Cited


Titles

Feeling the Heat:  Global Warming and Climate Change

What Can be Done to Reverse Climate Change?

The Arguments For and Against the Anthropogenic Causes of Global Warming

Meltdown:  Why Global Warming is Going to Become Even Worse in the Future


Recommended Topics

International Strategies for Addressing Global Warming

Global Warming and Policy Development in the United States

The Effects of Global Warming on the Earth’s Oceans

Science or Myth?  The Truth about Global Warming


Outline

I.  Introduction

II.  Review and Analysis

A.  Arguments implicating anthropogenic sources as the cause of global warming

B.  Arguments against anthropogenic sources as the cause of global warming

C.  Discussion and Analysis

III.  Conclusion


Abstract

Although there is a growing consensus among the scientific community that global warming is…

Furthermore, both statutory and tort law at the time were ill-equipped with regard to provision of environmental safeguards and taking care of the fall-out of an environmental crisis . In fact, at the time that Hoover Chemical Corporation was dumping toxins into the canal, there was no law with regard to the disposal or dumping of chemicals; thus, Hoover was acting within its purview since at all times it either had the owner's permission to dump or it was the owner of the property itself. Consequently, in order to avoid this problem in the future, legislation was passed regulating the dumping of hazardous waste. Furthermore, environmental laws were passed such as CECLA (Comprehensive Environmental esponse, Compensation, and Liablity Act, aka Superfund) that held polluters accountable or the damages they caused. Additionally, in the realm of civil tort law, in 1994, a Federal District court ruled that Hooker had been negligent…

Entitled, Al Qaeda Still Wants a Dirty Bomb, the article states that, "Denying terrorists access to radiological materials that can be used in a dirty bomb attack -- one that could bring our economy to a standstill and render areas uninhabitable for decades -- is a major security challenge" ( Al Qaeda Still Wants a Dirty Bomb).

In order to deal with this threat there have been a number of international treaties put in place. These fall under the general heading of the reduction of the proliferation of nuclear materials for weapons of mass destruction. These include the following:

The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. This was adopted in 1987 and was intended to set international standards for securing nuclear material in trade and commerce. It is important to note that in 2005 the "…Parties extended the scope of the Convention to include nuclear material in domestic…

The First Nuclear Test

Of course, the first nuclear test occurred before the 1950s and was part of the United States' effort to develop an atomic weapon during World War II. This test occurred at 5:30 A.M. On July 16, 1945, at a missile range outside of Alamogordo, New Mexico. Even that test was enough to convince a large group of scientists that the atomic weapon was a dangerous and powerful weapon. "The Franck Report," a petition issued by Leo Szilard and 68 other scientists urged President Truman to first demonstrate the capabilities of the atomic bomb before using it as a weapon against the Japanese, because of the mass destruction that came with the bomb.

This test, known as the Trinity Test, was a tremendous success. "The energy developed in the test was several times greater than that expected by scientific group. The cloud column mass and top reached…

Because, clearly, we committed acts of terrorism in dropping the bombs on Japan. The intent was to create a massive destruction to horrific that the victims could not help but surrender without further fight - which is, of course, what happened. Our new brand of terrorism is, truly, the only effective manner that certain people have of waging a war. When you do not have the technology or the resources of the largest nations in the world, but you do know how to make and plant a bomb that is likely to kill civilians and military targets as well - do you simply roll over and surrender because you might kill innocent people? If that was the case, then the United States would have never been able to wage war with anyone using bombs and missiles and rockets - the war could have only been waged by spies and snipers.…

S. during the summer of 1945 had indicated that the Japanese were ready to surrender; that the War could have been ended, if the U.S. had responded by offering the retention of the Japanese Imperial Monarchy instead of insisting on unconditional surrender. Further research on the decoded messages, however, indicate that the militarists still dominated the power hierarchy in Japan and they were willing to fight to the bitter end, despite their precarious military position. They were depending on the war-wariness of the Americans. Their theory being that the United States was unwilling to bear more casualties and any major setback to the American forces during a planned invasion of the Japanese mainland would improve Japan's bargaining position and obtain a peace agreement. In other words, the Japanese military leaders were only agreeable to a ceasefire and unwilling to consider surrender. They wanted to retain the militarist policies of the…

demands being placed on the global transportation industry are creating unprecedented requirements for international commerce during a period when peak oil is being approached and the need for more environmentally responsible alternatives has become especially pronounced. The responses to the varied needs of the global transportation industry have included research and development of alternative energy sources as well as innovative supply chain management approaches that make global transportation more efficient and reduce energy requirements in the process. This paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature to develop a current overview of the global transportation industry and the challenges it faces in the future. A summary of the research and important findings are presented in the paper's conclusion.

Global Transportation Challenges

Introduction

Innovations in telecommunications have contributed to an increase in global transportation needs as international commerce and business-related travel have grown significantly in recent years. At…

Combating the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in South Africa

Although Swaziland has the highest incidence rate for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at 27.7%, South Africa suffers from the largest number of people living with HIV in the world (6.8 million) (The global HIV / AIDS epidemic, 2016) out of a total population of around 53.5 million (South Africa population, 2016). In fact, during the time required to read this introduction, someone died of HIV in South Africa. Unfortunately, South Africa is certainly not unique in experiencing these high rates of infection and many sub-Saharan African nations are likewise seriously affected by the disease (The global HIV/AID epidemic, 2016). South Africa, though, is also suffering from a number of social problems that have exacerbated the HIV epidemic. In response to these alarming trends, the international community, including the United States, has allocated an enormous amount of resources to help stop the…

History Of Organized Crime

More than a century of motion pictures and more than a half-century of television productions have created a somewhat romanticized version of organized crime as typified in "The Godfather" series. Indeed, there is even a National Museum of Organized Crime and Law Enforcement, commonly known as "The Mob Museum" in Las Vegas which is a popular tourist destination (Green, 2013). The reality of organized crime, however, contrasts sharply with any romanticized depiction and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) emphasizes that organized crime is not only prevalent in the United States, it has become far more complex and broader in scope compared to the past. To determine the facts about the history of organized crime, this paper provides a background and overview followed by an analysis of some of the main sources of revenues for these criminal organizations. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of…

Climate change can no longer be denied... And action can no longer be delayed. – U.S> President Barack Obama, 2015

As reflected in the epigraph above, there is a growing consensus among climatologists that anthropogenic activities have caused the entire world to become hotter and some experts even caution that the balance scale may have already been tipped and global warming will continue unabated for the foreseeable future. Some scientists, however, maintain that the current trends in global warming are a natural part of the cycles the earth goes through over the millennia and suggest that the warning calls concerning global warming are vastly overstated. To determine the facts concerning this vitally important issue that affects all humankind, this paper reviews the relevant literature about global warming and its implications for the future. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings about global warming are presented in the conclusion.…

museums in order to understand the components of what makes a museums successful and interesting. I've selected the American Museum of Natural History's Hall of Eastern Woodland Plains Indians branch to compare with the National Museum of American Indian. Both of these museums, located in New York City, will help provide a balanced and fair comparison of two similar but not identical museum institutions.

I will first describe in detail some of the finer points of the American Museum of Natural History and specifically within the Hall of Eastern Woodland Plains Indians in order to provide contrasting material to the second museum. The American Museum of Natural History in New York City is a scientific and cultural Museum that has been open for over 140 years. According to their website, their mission is to discover, interpret and disseminate information about human cultures in the world through a program of research…

New York eal Estate and Office Markets

NEW YOK CITY OFFICE MAKET

New York is one of the premiere metropolitan areas of the world, exerting a significant impact on global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. The home of the United Nations Headquarters, New York City is an important center for international affairs and is widely deemed the cultural capital of the world. With its unmatched scope of building types, diverse tenant base and extensive transportation system, the city has earned an iconic and prominent place in the global market.

The borough of Manhattan serves as its hub and is the nation's largest single office market with 450 million square feet of space (Brown, 2007). Its office inventory is greater than the next five largest U.S. markets combined and features some of the world's most iconic properties (Beauregard, 2005). This paper explores the current state of…

5% of capacity. The court condemned California governor Brown for insisting that mental health services were not compromised in California prisons due to prison over-crowding.

Your Remarks: Largely a continuation of a prior event, but a worthwhile development nonetheless. Basically, it's a matter of some people in California government having a spat with the courts regarding whether inmates are being treated and otherwise processed effectively given the significant overcrowding in California prisons.

Court Visited: Northern California District Court

Day/Time: April 11th, 2013

Judge: Robert Seeborg

Plaintiff: Joe Quirk

Defendant: Sony Pictures

Issue: Copyright Infringement Accusation

Holding: Summary judgment was given to Sony Pictures and Mr. Quirk's accusations about copyright infringement was dismissed. The ruling was justified on the grounds that Quirk's claim was inherently flawed and that copyright pertains to "expression, not ideas."

Your Remarks: Pretty common nowadays for an obscure/starving artist to claim that a big-time motion picture was…

Space

New York City

Use of Temporary Space

(NYC Department of Parks & ecreation)

Images & Charts

Illy Push Button House

Store Front Library

Brooklyn Bridge Park

Chashama

Images & Charts

According to the NYC Department of Parks & ecreation, Dutch traders established farming communities and villages east of Manhattan around 1652. One such village, Vlackebos, literally translated into the "wooded plain." This wooded plane area at the time consisted of virgin thick forests coupled with flat terrain so it eventually was called Flatbush. The area stayed in this overgrown natural state for nearly three centuries. "But, in the 1920s, the new Interborough apid Transit linked Flatbush to the rest of the city, sparking new developments that began welcoming successive generations of immigrants. As with the Dutch traders, these newcomers built homes and roads, only more quickly and densely. iding through East Flatbush today, there are still trees that line…

rebuilding the World Trade Center. Specifically it will discuss the rebuilding of Ground Zero after the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks of September 11, 2001, including who are the decision makers, what is the process, and who has involvement in the process. It will also look at the cost, who is paying, the timeline, current status, what the final project will look like, who will benefit, the effect on New York City, surrounding boroughs, and the state. Almost as soon as cleanup began at the World Trade Center after the terrorist attacks, there was speculation on what kind of building or memorial could possibly replace the Twin Towers. Today, designs for a new office complex and memorial have been chosen, and some expect construction on at least one of the buildings replacing the WTC could be complete by 2009. As with any large project, the plans have faced adversity, controversy,…

Terrorist Attacks on New York City

Consumer ehavior and Risk

Terrorism and Consumerism in the Melting Pot

How has September 11 Impacted Americans

Economic Impact of terrorism

Outlook for the New York Economy

Examination of the Effects on usiness

Regaining Consumer Confidence

Sampling Procedures

Survey Construction

Survey results

Recommendations for Further Studies

Survey of Consumer Patterns After The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Towers

Survey Results presented Graphically

Store Owner Interviews

The Impact of the Terrorist Attacks on New York City: One Year Later Chapter 1

The attacks on the World Trade Towers on September 11, 2001 threatened the American People's sense of security in a way that had not been felt since the attack on Pearl Harbor. To say that the attacks changed the lives of many people would be an understatement. The attacks literally brought the country to a halt for nearly three days. It can…

NYC African Restaurants

African Restaurants

African Restaurants in NYC

The restaurant's soft industrial lighting makes the chrome gleam. A soft and expansive backdrop of blue gives the space a cool and slightly futuristic industrial like a hip loft in the future. Exposed brick walls are tinged in a blue sheen and the distressed wood chairs and tables have been stained steel gray and have marble table tops. In three weeks, Cisse Elhadji, the owner of Ponty Bistro in Midtown, will open his new restaurant La Terengea. Located at 144 West 139th St., the restaurant us nestled in between the Hudson and Harlem rivers a few blocks west of the City College of New York. The location of the restaurant is quite lucrative given its relative proximity to both Central Park as well as Yankee Stadium.

Though Elhadji has succeeded once with an African restaurant, La Teregenga is still a gamble.…

African estaurant evival

New York is home to people from all over the world, and it is well-known that they often bring with them cuisine from their homelands. Foodies descend on food courts in subterranean malls in Queens, ussian bakeries in Brooklyn, and ethnic food trucks pretty much anywhere throughout the five boroughs. For being a cosmopolitan city with such cosmopolitan tastes, surprisingly little attention is paid to the diversity of African food. The continent of Africa is rich in food tradition and, increasingly, we are seeing these traditions manifest throughout New York. This trend is occurring in many places, in particular Manhattan and Brooklyn. In fact, several openings over the past few years have dramatically altered the African dining scene, and this development is very much worthy of coverage. This citywide exposure to the African food trend makes it an excellent topic heading into the summer eating season.

There…

New York City: An Examination of Urban Design and Space Function as it Relates to Civic Participation

The objective of this study is to examine urban design and space function as it relates to civic participation in New York City. Kevin Lynch conducted systematic and scientific-based research on urban design in his exploration of the elements of urban design. Lynch stated that every individual "has had a long association with some parts of his city and his image is soaked in memories and meaning." (1960, p.2) The goal of Lynch is reported to be the study of the city's mental images held by its citizens. Lynch focused his work on the city's visual quality or the "apparent clarity and 'legibility of the city-scape." hat Lynch meant was the level of ease with which the city's parts could be organized into a pattern that was of a coherent nature. The city,…

To make an exact copy of the Manhattan headquarters, the executives will create the exact positions in China. They will discuss the requirements of the positions with the American employees and will search for those Chinese that best meet them. Also, the American homologue should participate to the hiring process. For instance, if the Chine company is looking to hire a Marketing Director, the Marketing Director within the Manhattan offices should participate to the selection, hiring and most importantly, the training process. In terms of training, the programs will have to be offered to all employees, not just the top-management ones. The primary goal of the training sessions will be to introduce the new associates to the operations, partners and goals followed by the mother company as to aid them best perform their tasks. Aside from this however, a vital issue is that integrating the Chinese employees into the corporate…

Towards of the goal of fulfilling the mission to "help those we care for to experience the best life possible," nursing services provided at the Sarah Neuman Center include:

Twenty-four nursing in a secure residential setting.

Twenty-four medical coverage supported by onsite and on-call physicians.

Onsite medical specialist consulting services.

Individualized therapy sessions, to include speech therapy, physical therapy, art and music therapy.

Nutritional services supported by staff dietitians.

Onsite pharmaceutical and laboratory services. (Sarah Neuman, para. 9)

Patients that require long-term residential care are often transferred to the Bronx nursing home which provides all of the above services, in addition to highly individualized care services and therapies for "more complex clinical needs" (Bronx, para. 4). These needs include-but are not limited to-progressive Alzheimer's, severe vision impairment, severe speech and swallowing impairments, and chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis.

Structural Support of Mission

That each facility essentially provides the same services…

According to Montgomery (2003), "Higher floors of buildings tended to rent at a substantial discount, due to the need to climb several flights of stairs to reach one's workplace or residence. Otis's invention of the safety elevator at mid-century heralded the end of this constraint on vertical real estate development" (495). Likewise, Masden notes that the increasingly confident use of the relatively new ' elevators' also fueled demand for more steel frame structures; such new steel-framed buildings were known during this early period as "elevator buildings" instead of skyscrapers, a term that was first coined in 1883 (Marsden 78).

The underlying theory behind steel frame construction during its early use, though, fueled some well-intentioned but misguided efforts that adversely influenced future applications, selection of building materials, site selection and other salient factors involved in construction. In this regard, Mumford (1959) reports that, "Unfortunately, the skyscraper was an almost automatic response…

Another highly pertinent grievance would be raised by the Executive Director, of the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, who complained that the park committees did a poor job of reaching out to community, environmental and preservation groups as the issue came onto the table. As the interviewee noted, he and his colleagues had no sense that this controversial plan was in the works. Moreover, even with knowledge of the plan, the director would observe that information was still scarce. Accordingly, the interviewer inquired "How many air rights will be sold? What's the process for them to be used? How much will it cost? I don't know for sure, but there may be up to 1.6 million square feet to sell. Based on my understanding, there are piers designated as 'commercial' and 'recreational'?, so we want to see in writing so it's not subject to different interpretations."

In spite of…

Mathematics Instruction in English on ELL Second Grade Students

J. Elizabeth Estevez

Educ2205I-Content Research Seminar

Mathematics is a powerful tool for interpreting the world. Research has shown that for children to learn how to use mathematics to organize, understand, compare, and interpret their experiences, mathematics must be connected to their lives. Such connections help students to make sense of mathematics and view it as relevant. There has, however, been controversy with regard to children from non-English backgrounds and the best ways to get them to make those connections. Questions are raised regarding how to instruct these children who are referred to as English language learners (ELL's). Should they initially be taught in their native language with gradual exposure to English in language classes, or should they be immersed in English as early as possible. Based upon ideas presented in research studies and my own ideas as a former bilingual teacher,…

Larry Tee, for instance, an inhabitant who started the Berliniamsburg club in Williamsburg, which is credited with popularizing Electroclash, one of the neighborhood's best-known cultural exports explained that: "Six months ago, Williamsburg was terminally hip. Now it's become designated as a safe space for nice people who have boring 9 to 5 jobs." 11

Urban Golf can redo some of that mustiness whilst fusing Bohemianism with funkiness. Artists used to love the grittiness of Williamsburg. Youth used to revel in its charm and trendy flavor. Now deep-pocketed developers are starting to develop the city and Williamsburg, as it was then, is starting to close aside from the fact that the different communities are moving further apart rather than closer together. Urban Golf could be sustainable by attracting diverse people into the area and turning the residence into a useful place. The Urban Golf concept has helped diverse social groups meet…

The author feels that with massive job losses, airlines closing, wages coming down, the psychological effects of terrorist attacks were profound and it was for this reason that economic forecasting became difficult. "...business leadership is much more negative about the economy than consumers are. Unfortunately, they are in a position to make their pessimism a self-fulfilling prophecy Optimistic consumers aren't in a position to hire anybody Pessimistic managers can lay people off, and that is what is happening now."

Response: since this article appeared just a few months after the attacks, we get a clearer and better picture of immediate economic impact of September 11. The author has done a good job in summarizing the effects in a precise manner. If you need to know how exactly the businesses suffered after attacks and how quickly people lost jobs, this article should be consulted.

Economic Outlook - consumer confidence following attacks…

Story Pitch: Supporting the Development of Hell's Kitchen

Today, more and more people are acutely conscious of the need to improve the lives of residents of our inner cities. This proposed story will showcase the positive activism surrounding the development of the Hudson Yards Business Improvement District (BID), including the "open space" movement to bring more parks and preserved greenery the neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen so residents can exercise, enjoy time with their children, and experience a respite from the pressures of their lives. At a time when people are growing increasingly cynical about the ability of government to help them, they are crying out to hear a story like this, one which indicates how local residents can make a change. BID is committed to providing district-wide services for community improvement and will extend from West 30th Street to West 42nd Street, from Ninth Avenue to the east side of…

urthermore, the use of structural steel for the facade reduced the total cost and amount of steel used in its construction by about 2000 tons -- an estimated 20% reduction vs. typical steel framing. Because of this and other environmental/sustainable design features, the Hearst Tower was awarded Gold by the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) of the United States Green Building Council. It was the first building in New York to earn this designation.

Other features of the Hearst Building that earned it Gold is the atrium floor, which is designed so that hot or cold water passes through polyethylene tubes for efficient heating and cooling. Other atrium features allow for natural and efficient heating and cooling. urthermore, the waterfall in the atrium uses rainwater. It is the Tower's use of rainwater that distinguishes it from other office high rises in Manhattan. A tank in the basement can…

Google Glass Script

Anchor Intro: A technological phenomenon, Google Glass (also known as Project Glass) displays information in a smartphone-like, hands-free format. Self-proclaimed, Manhattan gadget geek Craig Elimeliah, was one of the lucky winners of a lottery that gave participants the opportunity to purchase Google Glass for $1,500 and become one of the first beta testers

Host: Google Glass -- perhaps you have seen some people walking around wearing this new technology and wondered what it is. To provide further information on the subject and -- perhaps to quell some of your fears -- Craig Elimeliah, an early adopter of the new technology, weighs in on the potential of Google Glass to change our lives for the better or worse.

Craig Elimeliah: I come from two worlds. I come from the technology world and the start-up world, but I'm also an advertising man through and through…I kinda see things from…