American Military Leaders
The fighting of the First World War (WWI) started during 1914 and ended on 1918. The Second World War (WWII) started a lot later in 1939 and ended in 1945. These are the biggest military conflicts in the history of humankind. In both wars, military alliances formed by groups of countries were involved. The First World War (World War I, the War to End All Wars, the Great War) mainly occurred in Europe. The fighting nations were categorized in two groups, 'The Allied Powers' and 'The Central Powers'. Germany, Turkey, ulgaria and Austria-Hungary were in the Central Powers group[footnoteRef:1]. The Allied Powers group consisted of ritain, Italy, France, Japan, Russia and the U.S., which joined in 1917. In The Second World War (World War II), the warring groups were called 'The Allies' and 'The Axis'. Germany, Japan and Italy made up The Axis. The U.S., China, France, the…...

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Bibliography

Diffen. "World War 1 Vs. World War 11." Accessed May 18, 2016.  http://www.diffen.com/difference/World_War_I_vs_World_War_II .

History.com. "Douglas Macarthur." 2009. Accessed May 18, 2016.  http://www.history.com/topics/douglas-macarthur .

History.com. "Dwight D. Eisenhower." 2009. Accessed May 17, 2016.  http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/dwight-d-eisenhower .

History.com. "George C. Marshall." 2009. Accessed May 18, 2016.  http://www.history.com/topics/george-c-marshall .

Civilian & Military Leaders
Why is the relationship with civilian leaders crucial to military leadership?

Much as military leaders might like to ignore the need to foster fulfilling civilian relationships, ultimately it is the civilian component of the U.S. government that makes policy-related decisions regarding peace and war. On one hand, there is a continuing trend towards democratization and transparency in the developed world, and citizens are demanding increased accountability of their governments in terms of how their leaders, particularly of the military, conduct themselves at home and abroad. On the other hand, we also live in an increasingly dangerous world, which means that the cries for vigilance regarding protecting civilians from national and non-national threats are equally strident.[footnoteRef:1] [1: Gregory Foster, "Civil-Military Relations: The Postmodern Democratic Challenge, World Affairs; Winter 2005; 167(3): 91]

Congress has the power to declare war; the executive branch selects the heads of the Departments of State…...

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Bibliography

Foster, Gregory. "Civil-Military Relations: The Postmodern Democratic Challenge, World

Affairs; winter 2005; 167(3): 91

McCausland, Jeffrey D. "Developing strategic leaders for the 21st century. SSI, 2008

Ethical Challenges of the ar in Afghanistan
Ten years after the start of the war in Afghanistan, military leaders still face ethical dilemmas engendered by the war. The overall discussion that develops from the literature reveals more questions than answers. The essay examines moral issues surrounding unconventional warfare or police actions. Such questions as whether it is acceptable to kill noncombatant civilians or torture detainees are explored, along with Just ar theory and unconventional warfare tactics. How much risk should soldiers be exposed to in order to minimize harm to civilians? In the absence of answers to these and similar questions, military personnel are left to make split-second life and death decisions without the benefit of training. The use of military robots also results in moral dilemmas for war fighters. Not only is there currently debate over the role of robots and whether they should be used in autonomous mode, but…...

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Works Cited

Lucas, G.R. (2008). 'This is not your father's war' Confronting the moral challenges of 'unconventional war.' Journal of National Security Law & Policy (3)33, 331-342. Retrieved November 11, 2011 from:  http://www.mcgeorge.edu/Documents/publications/jnslp/_06_LUCAS%20Master%2012%2008-25-09.pdf 

Perry, D.L. (2004). Ethical issues in recent U.S. military engagements. Retrieved November 11, 2011 from: http://home.earthlink.net/~davidlperry/recent.htm

Singer, P.W. (2009). Military robots and the laws of war. The New Atlantis, 23, Winter, 27-47. Retrieved November 11, 2011 from:  http://www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/military-robots-and-the-laws-of-war

When faced with adversary, he cannot be fearful of losing face or seeming disloyal but instead must ask 'what actions are necessary to take for the greater good?' Even when a military leader disciplines a subordinate for disobedience, these actions are because of the requirements of safety and the need for adherence to institutional rules, not because of personal anger. Military officers must hold fast to an "objective professional ethic" of responsibilities owed to themselves, to the institution, to their leaders, and to the American public.[footnoteRef:3] When personal and individual obligations conflict with those of the collective ethos, the need to preserve institutional authority must be upheld. For example, "where it would be improper for a manager at IM to invade the privacy of her employees, the officer is morally obligated to do so" rather than place others in the service at risk.[footnoteRef:4] [2: Margaret Hermann, "Assessing leadership constraints:…...

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Bibliography

Hermann, M. "Assessing leadership constraints: A trait analysis." Social Science Leadership

Automation, 1998.

Johnson, K. "Ethical issues of military leadership."

Pfaff, T. "Resolving ethical challenges in an era of persistent conflict." SSI.

Military Leadership
The focus on team leadership within the Military employs behavior-oriented techniques as derived within the scope of works. Team leadership approaches employ behavior-oriented approaches that are derived from the respective analytic methods. Team leaders have distinct functions and roles, which are often evident when practiced on people under them. Leaders undertake diagnostic functions through the monitoring of team performance and comparing the accepted standards coupled with remedial functions of taking necessary actions towards improving group performance. Leadership performs forecasting functions through watching environmental conditions coupled with their respective effects to team performance. For a military leader, the focus also has a preventive function especially by averting negative effects in a volatile combat environment.

I deserve to take over the leadership function for the team leadership as I have the practices and skills shared by successful team leaders. Team leadership involves building trust as well as inspiration of teamwork. I can…...

Worst Faults a Military Leader Can Exhibit:
Incompetence, selfishness, and living in the past

"If America is to meet the multiple challenges of the 21st century, it is crucial that we develop a system that places the right people in the right places in government at the right moment."[footnoteRef:1] ut just as critical as being the 'right' type of leader is avoiding making some of the most typical mistakes of poor leaders of the past. Incompetence and disorganization; fighting the last war rather than the current conflict (i.e., living in the past); selfishness and a focus on the personal ego rather than the actual needs of the nation are the three worst faults a leader can exhibit. [1: J. McCausland, "Developing strategic leaders for the 21st century," Strategic Studies Institute, 2008. Available: http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil / (26 Sept 2013), xi]

On a very basic level, military leaders must have basic organizational skills. "In the…...

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Bibliography

Bartone, P, Barry, C., & Armstrong, R. "To Build Resilience: Leader Influence on Mental

Hardiness. Defense Horizons, 69 (2009): 1-8.

Hermann, Margaret. "Assessing leadership style: A trait analysis." Social Science Automation

1999

The definition for "subversives" is a bit vague, but Fagen explains that in Argentina and elsewhere in Latin American dictatorships the victims of violent repression tended to be union leaders, liberal political leaders, artistic people in cultural circles, student protest leaders and media personalities (p. 41). The whole point of these horrendous repressive policies was to inspire fear, confusion and "distrust" among the general population. For those who believe the United States' military always stands on the side of democratic movements it may come as something of a shock that the U.S. funded and trained many military outfits during the time of dictators in Latin America.

"An entire generation of Latin American military officers and police were armed, trained, and 'professionalized'" by American police and military leaders (Fagen, 1992, p. 43). Fagen says the repression in Argentina was, in part, designed to "Purge ideological infection"; Argentine present General Jorge Rafael Videla,…...

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Works Cited

Fagen, Patricia Weiss. "Repression and State Security." Fear at the Edge: State Terror and Resistance in Latin America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.

Hunter, Wendy. "Continuity or Change? Civil-Military Relations in Democratic Argentina,

Chile, and Peru." Political Science Quarterly 112.3 (1997): 453-475.

Remmer, Karen L. Military Rule in Latin America. University of Texas: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

Military Ops
Military-Led econstruction and Fiedler's Contingency Theory

In light of the unfolding instability, violence and difficulty that characterized the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the United States military must reexamine its approach to the strategic invasion, occupation, reconstruction and power-handover that have evolved into a war-making template for the nation. Accordingly, the research conducted hereafter considers the need for a change in leadership orientation, using Fiedler's Contingency Theory as the lens for the literature review thereafter. The Findings drawn from the review of literature are presented in this account and, generally, provided confirmation of the pertinence of Fiedler's contingency theory to modern military strategy as well as the pertinence of Fiedler's Least-Preferred Coworker checklist to defining ideal military leadership. The reported findings connecting Fiedler's ideas with strategic and empirical documentation on applied military policy contribute to a number of policy recommendations. In particular, these policy recommendations revolve around two major dimensions…...

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References

Conner, Maj. W.D. (2005). Understanding First in the Contemporary Operational

Environment. School of Advanced Military Studies; For Leavenworth Kansas.

Ellyson, L.M.; Gibson, J.H.; Nichols, M. & Doerr, A. (2012). A Study of Fiedler's

Contingency Theory Among Military Leaders. Allied Academies International

Military Management and the Agency Problem
Agency theory can be helpful for understanding any organizational conflict or behavior, and applies equally as well to the private and public sector. Applied to the military organization, agency theory "offers insight into how military strategies relate to political objectives," an important consideration (Petrina, 2005, p. v). When it is applied to the corporate world, agency theory also offers insight into how executive decisions are made and how executives can become corrupt when they possess significant power and separation from agents or shareholders. There are differences in corporate versus military governance and organizational culture, but those differences to do not cloud over the essential applicability of agency theory to both the private and public sector.

A traditional view of agency theory as it applies to military organizations is that "civilians set oversight measures to monitor the behavior of the military and the military responds based on…...

military imparts in an individual many important qualities that they carry out into the real world. These qualities are leadership, versatility, character, among others. The military is an excellent place to learn, to grow, and to better one's self. Many people have had long and successful careers that they earned only through being in the military. It teaches a person the importance of hard work, communication, and bravery.
The military allows for transition into a multitude of careers, especially career in the government. And in sectors where leadership skills are rare and sought after, the military prepares one to establish a secure foothold in these areas. Non-for-profits, volunteer organizations, and businesses all require strong and fearless leaders with clear direction and focus. The military offers exactly what a person needs early on to achieve anything they set out for. Six sections will be examined to show just how military lessons…...

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References

Ambrose, S.E. (1983). Eisenhower. New York: Simon and Schuster.

Burns, J.M., & Dunn, S. (2004). George Washington. New York: Times Books.

Cunningham, J.B., & Lischeron, J. (1991). Defining Entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 29(1), 45. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8691.1993.tb00073.x

Gowel, D. (2012, March 1). 5 reasons the military is the best training for entrepreneurs | SmartBlogs [Web blog post]. Retrieved from https://smartblogs.com/leadership/2012/03/01/5-reasons-the-military-is-the-best-training-for-entrepreneurs/

Monograph
One of the great challenges the military faces is remaining current and preparing the current and future generations of soldiers for inevitable shifts to the geopolitical environment, technological changes, and shifts in both domestic and foreign policies. The importance of preparing officers for the new realities of unpredictable environments and non-state actors cannot be underestimated.[footnoteef:1] The roles and goals of the AMSP and SAMS have not changed. These educational programs provide the requisite advanced and specialized knowledge to foster critical thinking and strategic analysis among military leaders. What must be remembered, however, is the need for organizational awareness and the willingness to change. [1: Edward B. Bankston, Boards vs. Bureaucracies: Field Grade Officer Education in the United States Army, 1946-1985. School of Advanced Military Studies Monograph, 2013.]

This analysis points out the importance of analyzing post-Cold War realities and adapting AMSP and SAMS programs accordingly to include such things as warfighting…...

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References

Bankston, Edward B., Boards vs. Bureaucracies: Field Grade Officer Education in the United States Army, 1946-1985. School of Advanced Military Studies Monograph, 2013.

Beck, William T., Developing Army Leaders Through CGSOC/AMSP and BCTP. School of Advanced Military Studies Monograph, 2005.

Goble, Jeffrey J., Wants and Needs: SMAS' Relationship with the Army. School of Advanced Military Studies Monograph, 2008.

McKinley, Matthew R., An Assessment of the Army Officer Education System from an Adult Learning Perspective. School of Advanced Military Studies Monograph, 2005.

military philosophies of von Clausewitz, Vegetius, and Machiavelli reveal common threads of pragmatism and political realism. Vegetius focuses less on philosophy and theory, and more on the practical details and logistics of military campaigns. Yet in so doing, Vegetius does evolve a foundational political strategy that remains relevant almost two thousand years later, even as technology and the dictums of foreign affairs have changed. Likewise, the tenets embodied by Italian political philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli are still studied in the 21st century, long after they were written. Machiavelli is not as focused on the minutia of military formations on the battlefield as his predecessor Vegetius, but he is far more focused on the ways political leaders need to comport themselves in times of war and peace. Machiavelli is likewise concerned with the ramifications of political power and how leaders can retain and wield their power to achieve self-serving ends. Just…...

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Works Cited

Gilbert, Felix. "Machiavelli: The Renaissance of the Art of War." In Makers of Modern Strategy. Oxford University Press, 1986.

Vegetius. Epitome of Military Science. Trans. N.P. Milner. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1996.

Von Clausewitz, Carl. On War. Trans. Col. J.J. Graham.

military strategies employed by Alexander the Great and how he was able to skillfully use his political and military skills in conquering most of Europe and Asia in his time.
Alexandros III Philippou Makedonon reigned as the king of Macedonia from 356-323 B.C. He was born to King Philip and his third wife, Olympias in July 356 BC in Pella, Macedonia. He is remembered as one of the greatest military genius in history. During his lifetime, he conquered much of world, since his main ambition was to conquer the world and create world monarchy.

Alexander, was the strong, handsome commander leading his army using the best military strategies of his time. His army was armed with sarisses, the fearful five and half meter long spears. He was the first great conqueror to invade Greece, Egypt, and India. He was popular for creating ethnic syncretism between the Macedonians and the conquered people,…...

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References

Arrian. Campaigns of Alexander, The (~90-172 A.D.)

J.F.C. Fuller. Generalship of Alexander the Great (1958)

J. Keegan. Mask of Command, The (1987)

Lisa Jardine, Worldly Gods: A New History of the Renaissance (London: Macmillan, 1996) pp. 67-68

Military Leadership
How the Military Changes

Organizational change is a complex process in most cases, with those at the top of the hierarchy having the authority and power to institute changes while those in the trenches generally lack both the power and the authority but often having the expertise needed to guide needed shifts. In well-functioning organizations, change travels both up and down the hierarchy, with the final authorization for any shift in policy coming from the top echelon. However, in the most hierarchical organizations, all changes must be conceptualized and initiated from the top. Such is the case in the military.

Because of the strictures of its hierarchy, the military is famously resistant to changes. However, the military has also been able to accommodate significant changes over the course of the last half century, from racial integration to a far greater inclusion of women in the armed services to the current shift…...

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References

Nielson, S. (2010). An Army Transformed: The U.S. Army's Post-Vietnam Recovery and the Dynamics of Change in Military Organizations. Retrieved from http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1020.

Pierce, J.G. (2010). Is the Organizational Culture of the U.S. Army Congruent with the Professional Development of Its Senior Level Officer Corps? Retrieved from http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=1015.

Authored by Dr. James G. Pierce.

He goes on to insist that "professional military education alone is not sufficient" to develop a real NCO leader. The ability to make decisions in a split second, the ability to make the best use of technologies, and the ability to train others, to be able to evaluate the men around you -- these are the components of leadership that Maxwell emphasizes. I like the fact that Maxwell emphasizes versatility, creativity and good coordination skills for the NCO, because today's Army is isn't just about giving orders and expecting everything and every soldier to follow without question. It's about leadership, and yes a civilian education is important, and military training is pivotal to success; but, Maxwell concludes, the NCO must also be able to "apply new, innovative techniques to lead and influence soldiers." That includes encouraging those in the NCO's unit to use the Internet, to engage in distance…...

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Works Cited

Crozier, David. (2009). Leadership / Ethics / The Larger Moral Issues. Fort Bliss, Texas

Reading M. 1 Leadership

Leadership Assessment and Development. Reading A: FM 6-22.

Maxwell, Frederick J. (2009). Preparing the NCO Corps for the 21st century. American Civil-Military Relations Reading C161RE.

Choosing Comparative Essay Topics

1. Literary Works:

Compare and contrast the themes and characters in two novels or plays by the same author.
Analyze the similarities and differences in the narrative structure, setting, and style of two short stories.
Discuss the different perspectives and interpretations presented in two poems on the same subject.

2. Historical Events:

Compare the causes and consequences of two major historical revolutions.
Analyze the similarities and differences in the strategies and tactics used by two military leaders during a particular war.
Discuss the impact of two different technological advancements on society.

3. Social Issues:

Compare and contrast the experiences....

1. The Effects of Modern Warfare on Civilian Populations

2. The Role of Technology in Shaping Contemporary Wars

3. The Changing Nature of Conflict in the 21st Century

4. The Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion during Modern Wars

5. The Humanitarian Impact of War in Contemporary History

6. The Evolution of Guerrilla Warfare: Case Studies from the 21st Century

7. The Role of International Intervention in Modern Wars

8. The Impact of Cyber Warfare in Modern Conflict

9. The Changing Face of Terrorism in the Modern World

10. War Crimes and Accountability in Contemporary Conflicts
11. The Influence of Political Rhetoric on the Naming of Wars in Modern....

Spartacus, a Thracian gladiator, became the leader of a formidable slave rebellion that shook the Roman Republic from 73 to 71 BC. His military prowess, strategic acumen, and indomitable spirit played a pivotal role in the uprising's initial success.

Prelude to Rebellion

Before the outbreak of the Servile Wars, thousands of slaves were forced into gladiatorial combat for the entertainment of Roman citizens. Spartacus, a skilled gladiator, was among those who endured the harsh conditions and brutality of the gladiatorial arena. Driven by desperation and a fierce desire for freedom, Spartacus emerged as a leader among his fellow gladiators.

Outbreak of Revolt

In 73....

Thesis statement: The concept of mission command outlined in Army Doctrine Publication 6-0 not only empowers subordinate leaders to make informed decisions in complex and chaotic environments but also fosters a culture of trust, initiative, and shared understanding within military organizations. This empowerment of subordinate leaders plays a crucial role in contributing to overall military strategy by allowing for decentralized decision-making that is based on a clear understanding of the commander's intent and the mission's purpose. By entrusting decision-making authority to lower levels, mission command enables agile and adaptive responses to changing circumstances on the battlefield, ultimately enhancing the overall effectiveness....