I would have been thinking about social norms and categorical imperatives in Kohlberg's system -- or about the social value of self-sacrifice in Gilligan's.
Instead I made a moral choice that reflects moral maturity: a level of caring that Gilligan would define as postconventional. Whether consciously or not, I was determined to preserve the dignity and promote the well-being of both my friends. I took myself out of the picture. I knew that I was dealing with sensitive emotional issues and bonds of friendship that could be severed with one wrong word. Whether or not Julie and John were having problems was none of my business. I did not pry; I did not ask John what his possible role in Julie's behavior was either.

Kohlberg would claim that I had internalized a set of agreed-upon social values and my actions reflected the norms that underwrite morality in our culture. I would…...

students who planned to cheat on their schoolwork, or have cheated, especially in high school. To me, this meets the criteria for a moral dilemma, in particular in instances where I have had the opportunity to join in on this. Now, one would think that this maybe is not a moral issue because it is clearly against the rules, but the reality is that true moral dilemmas, where no choice is a good choice, are harder to come by. Maybe in a combat situation or something. So this will have to do.
The text notes that many people are governed by their own moral codes, and that there might be times when these codes are challenged. This, to me, is part of the growth of the person, and such situations help you do define what your moral code really is. For instance, I would say there are three reasonable responses…...

Earlier this month an Italian research team jointly authored a research article titled "Affective asis of Judgment-ehavior Discrepancy in Virtual Experiences of Moral Dilemmas," with the results of their findings published in the scholarly journal Social Neuroscience. Lead by cognitive neuroscience specialist Indrajeet Patel, the research team sought to explore how an individual's response to hypothetical value judgments and moral dilemmas may be altered when presented with a virtual reality experience simulating the same moral dilemma. According to the research team's explanation of their experiment provided in the Abstract, "although research in moral psychology in the last decade has relied heavily on hypothetical moral dilemmas and has been effective in understanding moral judgment, how these judgments translate into behaviors remains a largely unexplored issue due to the harmful nature of the acts involved,"1 but by using a virtual reality desktop computing platform, this divide can be adequately addressed. In…...

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Bibliography

Indrajeet Patel, Carlotta Cogoni, Nicola Zangrando, Luca Chittaro, and Giorgia Silani.

"Affective basis of judgment-behavior discrepancy in virtual experiences of moral dilemmas." Social Neuroscience 9, no. 1 (2014): 94-107.

referents that you use to distinguish what is right from wrong in your daily life?
It is common for every individual to experience ethical dilemmas. On a daily basis, we are forced to make decisions and choose the right instead of the wrong ones, in spite of multivariate pressures. In my everyday life, there are key referents that I use to distinguish what is right from wrong. For starters, one of the referents is the law and regulation set by the authorities. For instance, a number of aspects can be right to a certain extent, and thereafter be considered wrong, as proclaimed by the law. For instance, the law can permit drinking up until 10 pm and thereafter consider it illegal. Therefore, one has to refer to the allowances and restrictions set to determine what is right and wrong. One other key referent that I make use of is justice,…...

Moral and Emotional Responses to the Challenge of Thrasymachus
Might makes right. So suggests the character of Thrasymachus in Plato's "Republic." In other words, justice and morality is merely defined by who is stronger. The proper role of morality in both reason and the emotions is dependant simply upon what one wants to do, at that point in time, and how one can best achieve one's objective. In politics, the strongest person defines what is just and moral, because the strongest person will always rule according to the real world laws of the political jungle. Socrates, of course, offers the opposing view, that only the wisest should rule, the philosopher kings of the ideal state, who put subjective emotion aside and rule purely by objective reason. While Thrasymachus suggests that 'the world,' that is the material existence around us (including our emotions) should be the ultimate proving-ground of any moral system,…...

Seeing how the Prime Directive should no longer apply, Picard was free to do whatever was necessary in order to save his crewman. However, the advanced technology employed by the aliens forced Picard to argue for the life of Wesley Crusher. His argument centers around the idea that this conflict is over whether or not moral universalism, or moral relativism would apply in the case of Wesley Crusher. Picard argues that the Federation does not interfere with other cultures because they believe that all cultures have equally value and the capacity for development. However, they are dealing with an alien race that is violating that principle. The aliens have decided that their moral universalism is correct for the Edo, and by extension, anyone who visits their planet. But Picard argues, correctly, that each culture must respect the rights of other cultures to develop in their own way. And the Prime…...

He is not depriving the pharmacist of his livelihood. He is not depriving another sick individual from having access to the same medication. Harvey only risks getting caught stealing and even if he were caught would be unlikely to spend any time in jail given the extenuating circumstances. Therefore, Harvey should steal the medication from a utilitarian perspective.
Although a duty-based system of ethics would propose that the immorality of stealing can never be justified, it is impossible to prove why Harvey should let his wife die instead. If Harvey did let his wife die, he would have committed a far more insipid act than if he stole.

Knowing that the medication will save his wife's life, Harvey commits a petty crime only. The act of stealing is clearly immoral. However, under the circumstances only an inhumane individual could censure him. Given the tremendous good that would come from Harvey's action,…...

At the same time, optimized care is mandated by the medical code of ethics. If older people are therefore sufficiently able to function independently, access to care should be available to them, because this is their preference, and professionals have an obligation to honor these preferences.
In the medical profession, there are no simple solutions to the discrepancy between the fiscal limitations of health care and the ethical obligations of professionals to their clients. The best ideal is to use specific codes of ethics in order to find an acceptable solution that satisfies both the drive to remain financially viable and the obligation to provide all clients with the optimal care.

DILEMMA

As mentioned, above, the dilemma involves Mrs. DN, an elderly woman who suffered from a debilitating stroke that left her in a wheel chair. Because she was generally at home, she had the right to home care according to the…...

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References

Bevir, M. (2002). SidneyWebb: Utilitarianism, Positivism, and Social Democracy. Journal of Modern History, No. 74. Retrieved from  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7vm01529.pdf 

Bevir, M. And O'Brien, D. (2003, Jan 1). From Idealism to Communitarianism: The Inheritance and Legacy of John Macmurray. History of Political Thought, No. 24. Retrieved from  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/95m6q13r.pdf 

Carroll, M.J. (2007, Dec). Physical Therapists' Perception of Risk of Violating Laws and Rules Governing the Practice of Physical Therapy and/or Their Personal Moral and Ethical Values when Failing to Provide Treatment for an Uninsured or Underinsured Patient. Graduate College of Bowling Green. Retrieved from  http://etd.ohiolink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/Carroll%20Mark%20J.pdf-acc_num=bgsu1193091796 

De Sousa e Brito, J. (2008, Aug 8). From Utilitarianism To Kantism: Bentham's Proof of Utilitarianism, Mill and Kant. ISUS X, Tenth Conference of the International Society for Utilitarian Studies. Retrieved from  http://escholarship.org/uc/item/4zn812s7.pdf

Moral and Medical Dilemma
As the progression of medical technology has expanded humanity's ability to heal one another directly -- through the process of organ transplants, blood transfusions, and bone marrow exchanges -- several ethical dilemmas have surfaced which impact physicians, patients, and politicians alike. An individual's voluntary decision to donate his or her organs in the event of an unexpected death, and the government's methods for devising an equitable system of distribution for blood and organ transplants are just a few of the increasingly rancorous debates to become associated with cutting-edge medical techniques. Today, with the concept of stem-cell research offering a vast array of seemingly miraculous medical advances, the moral discussion has shifted to cases like that experienced by the Whitaker family, which has been forced to confront an agonizing choice involving their seriously ill son Charlie. In the end, although the Whitakers were able to develop a viable…...

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References

Petersen, J. (2003, June 19). "Designer baby born to uk couple." Retrieved from  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3002610.stm

I have a clear written mandate that guides this decision. The other alternatives do not have the same clear, written mandate as the one that I made. hile a utilitarian approach may have yielded a different decision, in my position as a safeguard of public safety I am not obligated to undertake a utilitarian position unless I can do so without compromising my primary mandate. This is something I was able to do with generic drugs that I cannot do with biosimilars, even though it would be expedient for me to ignore the differences between the two products.
There are certainly those who would object with this decision. A utilitarian in particular would have a strong argument that total health outcomes depend not only on drug safety but on availability as well. I would argue, however, that this objection is invalid for a couple of reasons. The most important of…...

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Works Cited:

Van Arnum, P. (2010). Healthcare reform draws mixed reviews from pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. PharmTech.com. Retrieved December 8, 2010 from http://pharmtech.findpharma.com/pharmtech/Regulation/Healthcare-Reform-Draws-Mixed-Reviews-from-Pharmac/ArticleStandard/Article/detail/662434?contextCategoryId=48563

Ethical Dilemmas
The objective of this study is to review the work entitled "What Should We Mean 'Military Ethics?" And the work entitled "Strengthening Moral Competence: A Train the Trainer Course on Military Ethics."

Cook and Syse (2010)

The work of Cook and Syse (2010) entitled "What Should We Mean by Military Ethics?"states that when it comes to military ethics that there is a "great diversity of activities normally gathered under that rubric." (p.119) Military ethics is reported to be a "species of the genus 'professional ethics'. (Cook & Syse, 2010, p. 119) In other words, ethics is a service to professionals who are not actually ethics specialists but "who have to carry out the tasks entrusted to the profession as honorably and correctly as possible." (Cook & Syse, 2010, p.119) While philosophy on military ethics may be developed quite logically and be clear in conceptual terms and even debated rigorously, this…...

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References

Wortel, E and Bosch, J. (2011) Strengthening Moral Competence: A 'Train the Trainer' Course on Military Ethics. Journal of Military Ethics, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2011

Cook, ML and Syse, H (2010) What Should We Mean by 'Military Ethics'. Journal of Military Ethics, Vol. 9, No. 2, 119_122, 2010

esolving Moral Dilemmas Philosophically
In actuality, all of the five ways of resolving moral dilemmas utilize some aspect of the philosophical method. The five ways include obtaining objective information, providing definition clarity, adopting a code, using examples and counterexamples, and analyzing arguments. However, when determining which of those five ways actually embodies the philosophical method, one can successfully posit that all of them do except for adopting a code. There is a degree of subjectivity in this way of resolving a moral dilemma that is much less concrete (and more mutable) than the other four.

Of those four, the one that best embodies the philosophical method is analyzing arguments. Analyzing arguments actually reflects the crux of the philosophical method, which is generally based on analysis and formulating arguments to help resolve a moral dilemma. In fact, one can argue that most aspects of the other three methods (not including adopting a code)…...

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References

Zafrilla, P. (2016). Are dilemmas really useful for analyzing moral judgement?   Retrieved from http://blog.practicalethics.ox.ac.uk 

ethical dilemmas. The main ones described are the utilitarian, the deontologist, and the prudent pragmatic. Out of the above mentioned methods for solving and discussing ethical dilemmas prudent pragmatic appears to be the most effective and superior. This is due to composition of the prudent pragmatic method. The deontologist method calls for the analyst judging the situation to use abstract means instead of carefully weighing the merits of a particular case; they will instead focus on the ideals and values of an individual and allow those to influence their judgment. The utilitarian approach will call for the analyst in the case to value and prioritize the effect that the decision will have on the majority of the population in the case. This Chapter clearly presents the prudent pragmatic method as being superior in dealing with ethical dilemmas when being compared to the above mentioned methods. The author presents several…...

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References

Bluhm, t. William. Heineman A. Robert (2010). Ethics and Public PolicyMethods and Cases (Chap. 12) New Jersey, Upper Saddle River: Pearson, Prentice Hall.

Business Ethics
An ethical dilemma is defined as a situation where "an agent has moral reasons for doing two different actions, but where doing both of those two actions in not possible" (McConnell, 2014). Businesses often find themselves in what they believe to be moral dilemmas, if only because of the way that they are framing the issue. In the first scenario, there is no ethical dilemma for James. He perceives that he could jeopardize his security, yet ethics hotlines are intended to be anonymous. Further, accounting fraud is a criminal activity, and the company stands to lose substantially if that fraud was discovered. James' fears are therefore irrational -- as in the Enron case once the fraud is discovered, James will lose his job anyway. His only choice to preserve his future is to utilize the hotline, or to otherwise report the irregularities.

In the second scenario, the company does have…...

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References

Alexander, L. & Moore, M. (2012). Deontological ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved March 22, 2016 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-deontological/ 

Bilton, R. (2014) Apple failing to protect Chinese workers. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved March 22, 2016 from  http://www.bbc.com/news/business-30532463 

Giang, V. (2015). 7 business leaders share how they solved the biggest moral dilemmas of their careers. Fast Company. Retrieved March 22, 2016 from  http://www.fastcompany.com/3046630/lessons-learned/7-business-leaders-share-how-they-solved-the-biggest-moral-dilemmas-of-their 

McConnell, T. (2014). Moral dilemmas. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved March 22, 2016 from  http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral-dilemmas/

Ethics & Morality
The author of this response is to be answering several questions as it relates to ethics and morality. There are three major questions that will be answered as part of this assignment. The first is to define and pontificate about what it means to engage in moral reflection. The second questions asks about moral conflicts that center on authority, interest and roles as it relates to moral and ethical dilemmas. Finally, the author of this report will apply Cooper's ethical decision-making model to ethical dilemmas in general. While some ethical and moral questions are quite tough to answer and navigate, there is usually a path forward with such moral quandaries.

The Cortland University website has a good definition and summary of ethical reflection. They generally define ethical reflection as a "means of helping students develop the cognitive side of character" (Cortland, 2015). Further, they say that ethical reflection involves…...

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References

Cooper, T.L. (2012). The responsible administrator: An approach to ethics for the administrative role (6th ed.). New York, NY: Jossey-Bass.

Cortland. (2015). Encouraging Ethical Reflection - SUNY Cortland. Www2.cortland.edu.

Retrieved 15 June 2015, from   / ethical-reflection.dothttp://www2.cortland.edu/centers/character/wheel 

LMU. (2015). Resolving an Ethical Dilemma. Lmu.edu. Retrieved 15 June 2015, from  http://www.lmu.edu/Page27945.aspx

AIDS Ethics: Navigating Moral Dilemmas in the Time of a Pandemic

Introduction

The advent of AIDS in the 1980s not only unleashed a devastating pandemic but also ignited a storm of ethical quandaries. The disease, marked by its insidious nature and social stigma, laid bare the inadequacies of existing healthcare systems and highlighted the urgent need for ethical frameworks to guide decision-making. This essay delves into the intricate web of AIDS ethics, exploring various topics that have challenged our moral sensibilities and continue to shape our response to the pandemic.

1. The Right to Privacy vs. the Duty to Disclose

One of the most....

1. The Enduring Power of Myth: Chaucer's Retelling of Ancient Tales in "The Canterbury Tales"

Thesis: Chaucer's adaptation of classical myths in "The Canterbury Tales" demonstrates the enduring power of storytelling and the timeless relevance of archetypal narratives.

Points of Discussion:
Chaucer's use of myths such as Orpheus and Eurydice, Pyramus and Thisbe, and the Trojan War
The transformative role of myth in shaping human experience and social values
The universality of mythological themes and their resonance with audiences across time

2. The Female Gaze in Chaucer's "The Legend of Good Women": Reclaiming Feminine Perspectives

Thesis: Through the lens of the female narrator in....

Essay Outline: Justification of War

I. Introduction

A. Thesis statement: War is a complex and controversial issue that raises profound moral and ethical questions. This essay will explore and evaluate various justifications for war, examining their validity and implications.

II. Historical and Philosophical Perspectives

A. Just War Theory (Justa Bellum):
1. Criteria for just war (jus ad bellum): legitimate cause, right intention, last resort, proportionate means
2. Criteria for conduct during war (jus in bello): proportionality, discrimination, non-combatant immunity
B. Pacifism:
1. Absolute rejection of war based on moral and religious grounds
2. Advocacy for nonviolent resistance and negotiation

III. Realist Justifications

A. Realism in International Relations:
....

Title 1: The Ethical Labyrinth of Human Cloning: A Philosophical Exploration of Moral Dilemmas

Title 2: Unraveling the Scientific and Ethical Implications of Human Cloning: A Comprehensive Analysis

Title 3: Human Cloning: Exploring the Boundaries of Bioethics and the Human Experience

Title 4: The Promise and Perils of Human Cloning: Navigating the Uncharted Territory of Scientific Advancement

Title 5: Cloning: Unlocking the Pandora's Box of Human Genetics and the Potential for Human Enhancement

Title 6: The Future of Humanity in the Shadow of Human Cloning: Ethical, Social, and Philosophical Perspectives

Title 7: The Cloning Controversy: A Debate Between Innovation and the Preservation of Human Dignity

Title 8:....