Assessing Research and Peer-Reviewed WorkIntroductionPeer-review is an important process in academic and research spaces that ensures the accuracy and validity of information being published. It is a process in which a group of experts, known as peers, review the work of authors before it is published. This process provides critiques and feedback from qualified academics and professionals, which can help to improve the quality of the work. In order to determine if information is peer-reviewed, look for indicators such as the author being a recognized expert in the field, references to other published works, the language being formal, and the presence of a bibliography. Additionally, many online databases will have a filter option to search for peer-reviewed content.Importance of Peer-ReviewPeer review is an important quality control process that is used to evaluate the work of other researchers before it is published. Peer review helps to ensure that published research is…...

mla

References

Llewellyn, S. (2020). Covid-19: how to be careful with trust and expertise on social media. BMJ, 368.

Stelmakh, I., Shah, N., & Singh, A. (2019). On testing for biases in peer review. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 32.

Von Stülpnagel, R., & Krukar, J. (2018). Risk perception during urban cycling: An assessment of crowdsourced and authoritative data. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 121, 109-117.

Peer-reviewed articles are valuable sources of scholarly information. They provide quality, objective, and accurate information on various topics. This is achieved by subjecting the articles to rigorous scrutiny by peer researchers, hence the name peer-reviewed. Though there are variations in how research articles are formatted, there are standardised elements that appear in every article irrespective of the format. A peer-reviewed article must on the minimum have a title, details of the author(s), an abstract, an introduction, a literature review section, a methodology section, a results section, a discussion and conclusion section, footnotes or in-text references, and a list of references or bibliography. This paper analyses the extent to which three selected journal articles conform to these elements. The selected articles relate to the subject of total quality management (TQM). Oschman, J. (2017). The role of strategic planning in implementing a total quality management framework: An empirical review. Quality Management Journal, 24(2),…...

mla

Paltridge, B. (2017). The discourse of peer review: Reviewing submissions to academic journals. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Richler, J., & Gauthier, I. (2017). The peer review process; Using the traditional system to its full potential. In M. Makel and J. Plucker (eds.), Toward a More Perfect Psychology: Improving Trust, Accuracy, and Transparency in Research. U.S.: American Psychological Association, pp. 119-130.

Robson, K., Pitt, L., & West, D. (2015). Navigating the peer-review process: Reviewers’ suggestions for a manuscript. Journal of Advertising Research, 9-17.

 

databases CSU Online Library, source peer-reviewed articles. The purpose assignment practice reviewing articles contribute industry. The authors articles researchers professionals shared BFS 3460, Fire Protection Systems 3 experimented ideas demonstrate potential improve industry.
Matthew S. Connolly, Stephen M. Jaskolka, Jeffrey S. Rosen, and Michael D. Szkutak's article "ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE OF ATER MIST FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS ITH ANTIFREEZE" provides an intriguing view with regard to the importance of providing solutions to fire systems in exceptional circumstances. The fact that water in fire systems was frozen led to a series of issues throughout the world as a result of the respective systems being unable to function and thus being ineffective. By installing antifreeze in water mist fire suppression systems, one would likely experience positive results in fighting fires in freezing temperatures. The article provides a scenario involving the development of a fire protection system using antifreeze as a solution to episodes in…...

mla

Works cited:

Connolly, M.S., Jaskolka, S.M., Rosen, J.S., & Szkutak, M.D. "ENGINEERING PERFORMANCE OF WATER MIST FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS WITH ANTIFREEZE." Retrieved September 19, 2013, from  http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-042612-030936/unrestricted/Water_Mist_Antifreeze_MQP.pdf

Toolkit for Commenting on Two Peer-Reviewed Research Articles
Evaluation and Improvement of an Advisory Program

By John alter Van Ornum

A rural Hawaiian high school is faced with a problem -- it cannot be clearly stated whether or not the school's student advisory initiative's goals are being met. Statistical techniques utilized in the study (paper 1) for computing the results were not clear, and no evidence exists regarding the current survey's validity and reliability. Further, these qualities were not evaluated.

The study's purpose was to evaluate Molokai High School's advisory program. The research questions seek responses from the advisors and advisees to evaluate the efficacy of Advisory program. The researcher believes that this study will help those

ho want to improve such programs, in their schools?

ho want to implement such programs effectively, having learnt the drawbacks and lacunae, and;

ho seek a feedback about the programs, to improve it through insights from actual users?

Research Question

This…...

mla

Works Cited

Coughlan, M. C. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research.

Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches.

Eaton, K. A. (2009). An Example of the Critical Review of a Paper Submitted to Oral.

Hall, H. C. (1992). CONCLUSIONS. University of Wisconsin Madison.

Alignment: Summary and Analysis
In the peer-reviewed article Complementarities Between Organizational IT Architecture and Governance Structure (Tiwana, Konsynski, 2010) the authors contend that IT architecture and IT governance design and implementation is highly dependent on systematic and process-related interdependencies that will often shift significantly over the lifecycle of any IT framework. This makes the task of ensuring adoption of IT architectural components, as diverse as Service Oriented Architectures (SOA), Web Services, Platform-as-a-Service (Paas) and other nascent enterprise platform technologies, are continually aligned to the business' strategic programs, plans, strategies and initiatives. This is where the article unifies IT governance and IT architecture, concentrating on how each are critically important for ensuring the agility of an enterprise over time. Through a well-defined methodology and use of advanced statistical analysis techniques including Factor Analysis, the authors convey how the alignment of IT architectures and governance frameworks to business objectives enable an enterprise…...

mla

References

Mendelson, H. (2000). Organizational architecture and success in the information technology industry. Management Science, 46(4), 513-529.

Tiwana, A., & Konsynski, B. (2010). Complementarities between organizational IT architecture and governance structure. Information Systems Research, 21(2), 288-304,410,412.

PubMed search terms used to initially identify a qualitative study were the following: nursing qualitative. A large number of citations were retrieved, but the selection was further limited by only those available as free full-text articles through PubMed Central. This provided some idea of what is available and after skimming down the citations the topic of tuberculosis treatment compliance was chosen. The search terms used next were the following: tuberculosis treatment compliance. A large number of studies were found and after skimming down the first page of the retrieval results a qualitative and epidemiological (quantitative) study were identified, both of which focused on patient compliance in third world regions of the world, Burundi and India.
The study conducted by Zaman and colleagues (2014) was an epidemiological study examining the percentage of residents in Assam, India testing positive for tuberculosis who sought treatment early or late following diagnosis, in addition to…...

mla

References

Carlsson, M., Johansson, S., Eale, R.P., & Kaboru, B.B. (2014). Nurses' roles and experiences with enhancing adherence to tuberculosis treatment among patients in Burundi: A qualitative study. Tuberculosis Research & Treatment, doi: 10.1155/2014/984218. Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25215232 .

Zaman, F.A., Sheikh, S., Das, K.C., Zaman, G.S., & Pal, R. (2014). An epidemiological study of newly diagnosed sputum positive tuberculosis patients in Dhubri district, Assam, India and the factors influencing their compliance to treatment. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 5(2), 415-20. Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25097426 .

esilience in Supply Chain Management- A Critical eview
esilience to any management issue involving economic and social relevance especially in a dynamic and fast changing environment requires empirical research data to substantiate and authenticate the mitigation and pre-emptive formats designed. Most studies that appropriate risks have done so based on incidences and are thus effect-based (reactive) rather than being original considerations. As such, most studies prepare organizations for situations that have already occurred, which may not be enough, as the nature of risks, calamities and place of occurrence are changing rapidly. The article under consideration does well to incorporate most of the important elements to create a framework for building resilience in a Supply Chain Management organization.

This article integrates the implications of the business-resilience research concept for management, and explains the way business resilience practice will be able to aid organizations in managing their international supply chains within a progressively…...

mla

References

Christopher, M., & Peck, H. (2004). Building the resilient supply chain. The international journal of logistics management, 15(2), 1-14.

Fiksel, J., Polyviou, M., Croxton, K. L., & Pettit, T. J. (2014). From risk to resilience: learning to deal with disruption. Image.

McKinnon, A. (2014, July). Building Supply Chain Resilience: A Review of Challenges and Strategies. In International Transport Forum Discussion Papers (No. 2014-06).

Pettit J. (2008). Supply chain resilience: development of a conceptual framework, an assessment

Chi-Square Statistical Testing in Medical esearch
The research undertaken by Bryant et al. (1999) was designed to assess if and how post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), may be prevented through the use of early intervention cognitive therapy. The research was undertaken with a sample of forty-five civilians who had survived the trauma within the preceding fourteen days and would generally be expected to develop PTSD, as assessed through the acute stress disorder interview based on DSM-IV (Bryant et al., 1999). The sample were divided into three treatment groups receiving different treatments. The results were assessed based on the treatment received, and a post treatment assessment six months later to determine whether or not they had developed PTSD. The assessment was undertaken utilising statistical analysis, providing a method of analysis that could be tested to determine whether or not there was any significant difference.

This research design indicates the research variables. The dependent…...

mla

Reference

Akerlind, G. S. (2005). Variation and commonality in phenomenographic research methods. Higher Education Research & Development, 24(4), 321-334.

Bryant, R; Sackville, T, Dang, S, Moulds, M, Guthrie, R, (1999), Treating Acute Stress Disorder: Evaluating Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Supportive Counselling Techniques, American Journal of Psychiatry, 156 (11) 1780-1786

Cresswell, J. W. (2013). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). London: Sage Publications.

However, by using peer-reviewed journals, there is a far greater likelihood that the information will have value.
References

oolenaar, D.E., & G. (2009). odelling criminal justice system costs by offence. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 15(4), 309-326. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-009-9110-2

Zalman, . (2007). The search for criminal justice theory: Reflections on Kraska's theorizing criminal justice. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 18(1), 163-181,186. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/223393722?accountid=14872

ABSTRACT: This paper illustrates how to estimate criminal justice system costs by offence type. Criminal justice system costs are all the costs the authorities incur to prevent and investigate crime, prosecute criminals, impose sentences, and take care of victims and offenders. There are two approaches: the break-down and the bottom-up approaches. The break-down approach decomposes the aggregate budget into smaller pieces. The bottom-up approach multiplies known costs per activity by volumes for each activity and offence type. Both approaches can be combined with two types of estimates:…...

mla

Moolenaar, D.E., & G. (2009). Modelling criminal justice system costs by offence. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 15(4), 309-326. doi:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-009-9110-2 

Zalman, M. (2007). The search for criminal justice theory: Reflections on Kraska's theorizing criminal justice. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 18(1), 163-181,186. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/223393722?accountid=14872 

ABSTRACT: This paper illustrates how to estimate criminal justice system costs by offence type. Criminal justice system costs are all the costs the authorities incur to prevent and investigate crime, prosecute criminals, impose sentences, and take care of victims and offenders. There are two approaches: the break-down and the bottom-up approaches. The break-down approach decomposes the aggregate budget into smaller pieces. The bottom-up approach multiplies known costs per activity by volumes for each activity and offence type. Both approaches can be combined with two types of estimates: incidence-based and prevalence-based estimates. An incidence-based estimate identifies all costs attributable to crimes committed or processed in a specified period regardless of whether these costs exceed this time period. A prevalence-based estimate identifies all costs incurred in a specified period regardless of when the crime was committed or processed. This paper looks at the differences between the two approaches and the two estimates and indicates which combination works best depending on the type of analysis and the availability of data. The methodologies are illustrated using examples from the Netherlands. These examples show that the availability of reliable data is crucial. The more assumptions have to be made, the less reliable the end results. Investing in better data in this area should be a first priority for governments interested in criminal policy evaluation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]

Peer Evaluation
Writing poetry may often prove to be a difficult task and it is appears as though the writer of this paper struggled in finding her voice and successfully expressing herself. I was initially drawn to this paper/poem because I was interested to see how Lucy Clifton, Emily Dickinson, and Walt Whitman influenced the writer. I found this combination particularly interesting because of the different perspectives of the writers. As I began to read the poem and explanation, I was left wanting to know more about how and why the writer was influenced.

While I was interested to see how these three poets influenced the writer, I found that I lacked a lot of information regarding the connection between poet and writer. One of the things that left me confused was that the writer did not cite specific poems in the explanation, except for Clifton's "The Lost Baby." While the writer…...

Clinical Supervision and its Strengths and eaknesses

Annie Pettifer and colleague Lynn Clouder explain in the peer-reviewed journal Learning in Health and Social Care that clinical supervision is commonly used in professional contexts as a way to "guide reflection with the purpose of advancing practice" (Pettifer, 2008, 169). Clinical supervision "…enables critical practice and development of personal knowledge, professional expertise and competence" (Pettifer, 169).

Pettifer mentions that there is no hard and fast rule as to how the clinical supervision model should be presented. There are many interpretations, the author explains, and there is "conceptual ambiguity" as well; but the ambiguity can be explained because there can be no single model that meets all the professional needs of principals. But that said, there is a basic definition of clinical supervision that is presented by the authors:

"…[clinical supervision] is a formal process of support and learning which enables individual practitioners to develop knowledge…...

mla

Works Cited

Gibble, J.L., and Lawrence, J.D. (1987). Peer Coaching for Principals. Educational Leadership.

Huston, T., and Weaver, C.L. (2008). Peer Coaching: Professional Development for Experienced Faculty. Innovations in Higher Education, Vol. 33, 5-20.

Pettifer, A., and Clouder, L. (2008). Clinical supervision: a means of promoting reciprocity between practitioners and academics. Learning in Health and Social Care, 7(3), 168-177.

Pfeifer, D. (2011). Transforming Staff through Clinical Supervision. Reclaiming Journal,

e. part-time or full time special classes or alternative day schools. (Crowell, et al., 2005)
VII. Various Strategies Required in Meeting Needs of All Students

The work of Parker (2009) entitled "Inclusion Strategies in the Visual Arts Classroom" states that all educators "…need to be aware of different strategies that can be used to meet the needs of all students. Depending on the disability, teachers can apply these strategies in their classrooms and instruction, no matter the subject area."

Parker goes on to state that educators must be aware of the following facts concerning the various types of disorders of special needs students: (1) auditory processing disorders; (2) visual processing disorders; (3) Organizational skills; and (4) social and behavioral skills. (Parker, 2009)

The work of Juncaj, Knapp, and Smith (2009) entitled "Inclusion of Special Education Students in the General Education Setting" states that those who support the inclusion movement suggest that "as regular and…...

mla

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Crowell, Amanda, et al. (2005) Special Education: Inclusion vs. Exclusion. Scott County High School. Online available at: www.otis.coe.uky.edu/.../getfile.php?...MICfinalgroupprojectspecialeducation.

Dennis, Sharman Word (2010) Inclusion and Mainstreaming -- They Should Work, but Do They? Internet Special Education Resources. Online available at:  http://www.iser.com/resources/21st-sped.html 

Juncaj, Blair, Knapp, Allison, and Smith, Kristen (2009) Inclusion of Special Education Students in the General Education Setting. 9 Apr 2009. Online available at: http://www.drchrustowski.com/InclusionPaper2009.pdf

Katz, Jennifer and Mirenda, Pat (2002) Including Students with Developmental Disabilities in General Education Classrooms: Educational Benefits. International Journal of Special Education. Vol. 17, No. 2. 2002.

Methods for evaluating and monitoring the effectiveness of peer-assisted learning programs are discussed as well, followed by a summary of the literature review.
Background and Overview.

The growing body of scholarly evidence concerning peer tutoring has been consistent in emphasizing the powerful effects that children can exert on the academic and interpersonal development of their classmates and/or other students (Ehly & Topping, 1998). For example, Bloom (1984) reported early on that one-on-one tutoring by a fully skilled peer was more effective than both conventional (i.e., teachers' lecturing) and mastery learning (i.e., student- regulated) methods of teaching. Across several replications of academic content and student age levels, Bloom (1984) reported that peer tutoring programs produced effect sizes on the order of 2 standard deviations above the mean of the control group (i.e., students receiving conventional lecture-based instruction), compared with 1.3 standard deviations for mastery learning (effect sizes larger than.25 of 1 standard…...

mla

References

Adelgais, a., King, a., & Staffieri, a. (1998). Mutual peer tutoring: Effects of structuring tutorial interaction to scaffold peer learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(1), 134.

Afflerbach, P., Baumann, J.F., Duffy-Hester, a.M., Hoffman, J.V., McCarthey, S.J. & Ro, J.M. (2000). Balancing principles for teaching elementary reading. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Arreaga-Mayer, C., Gavin, K.M., Greenwood, C.R., Terry, B.T., & Utley, C.A. (2001). Classwide peer tutoring learning management system. Remedial and Special Education, 22(1), 34.

Bloom, B.S. (1984). The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educational Researcher, 13, 4-16.

ADR -- Facilitating Conflict Between Children: Peer (School) mediation programs
Perspective of Media Source: CNN

Before the shootings at Columbine High School, many parents simply thought of childhood and adolescent bullying as simply a rite of passage, a natural part of growing up, rather than something to be alarmed at. However, according to the popular online media source, CNN.com, an informational news website, President Clinton echoed teachers and therapists that although "we don't know all the facts about what happened in Littleton, but one of the things that have come out of this that's really made an impression on me is that the young men who were involved in this horrible act apparently felt that they were subject to ridicule and ostracism and they were kind of social outcasts at the school. But their reaction to it was to find someone else to look down on." (CNN.com, 1999)

The media source stresses mediation…...

mla

Works Cited

CNN.com. (April 22, 1999) "Clinton addressses school shooting." Retrived on October 2, 2004 at  http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/stories/1999/04/22/clinton.shooting/index.html 

'Evaluation of the first 3 years of the fast track prevention trial with children at high risk for adolescent conduct problems." Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, Feb, 2002. Retrived on October 2, 2004 at  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0902/is_1_30/ai_84341829/pg_4

SRS and code systems
Criticisms from one's respected peers can often hurt more than criticisms from laypeople or new users of a software system. One assumes that one's fellow professionals can make a more reasoned, if not necessarily more objective critique. However, personal differences can enter the fray of even the most objective peer review and thus affect the constructive nature of the criticism.

To ensure objectivity, it is important that individuals address their differences with particular elements in relation to the system being reviewed, not to the person. For instance, don't say, 'you didn't do a good job on this,' speak about the system or code under critique. Specifics are key, rather than saying, 'I don't think that works,' say what the potential problems arise when the system is used and try to give a constructive, concrete solution how one could possibly reform it and make it better. "However you…...

mla

Works Cited

Wiegers, Karl. (July 1994) "Creating a Software Engineering Culture." Originally Published in Software Development magazine. Process Impact Website. Retrieved 15 Feb 2005 athttp://www.processimpact.com/articles/culture.html

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a theory that suggests that people have different levels of needs. They cannot focus on higher needs until their lower needs are met. This hierarchy has applications in many areas of life, so you can find a ton of articles on the theory.

In Maslow’s theory, needs ascend in the following order

• Physiological needs
• Safety needs
• Love and social belonging needs
• Esteem needs
• Cognitive needs
• Aesthetic needs
• Self-actualization (added later in expanded needs)
• Transcendence (added later in expanded needs)

Until a person has met their lower needs they do not have the resources to focus on meeting higher needs.

Some sources you could....