This includes previously mentioned measures such as increased governmental spending, directing funds towards education and health sectors etc.

Referring to Liberalism, we should first of all point out that liberalism does not necessarily limit its perceptions only to economic equality, as is the case with Socialism, but it extends its beliefs to the sector of civil and individual equality. This means that liberalism has always found itself as a promoter of human rights, as a sustainer of political freedom and the right to self - determination.

Going forth from these social and political perceptions, the social equality that liberalism promotes naturally leads to a policy of tolerance at a societal level. Liberal governances are generally know to be tolerant in terms of rights for social or religious minorities.

On the other hand, in terms of economic policies, liberalism promotes equality rather through the laissez-faire philosophy, through the capacity of the…

However, he steers relatively clear of muscular economic writing in Conscience of a Liberal, preferring the position the book as something of a call to arms for the liberal movement. While this approach allows him to cover a wide range of ground and be fairly convincing in doing so, it also hampers his arguments by removing what should be the key to his credibility. His economic arguments strike more as a recitation of facts and figures rather than the heavy lifting he of which he is obviously capable. As his credibility stems from his work as a prize-winning economist, and this book lacks that to some extent, it seems as though the book is a long-form blog or other such opinion piece.

There is an element of urgency in his work, however, best evidenced in the chapter about health care. Krugman ties the demise of conservatism to universal health care…

Social liberalism debates that beneficial liberty is indispensable for global human freedom, especially for the poor. Therefore, the government should involve themselves in economic matters for the sake of the unprivileged members of the society (Adams, 2001). Social Liberals equally support the enforcement of agricultural reforms and land leases and are also in favour of a solid and well-controlled state.

Were you surprised by the political ideology to which you belong? Why or why not?

In the United States, the general situation is in conformity to the ideals of social liberalism which I have no problems with, I have no reservations for and may even dare to say, I like.

What are the origins of that political ideology?

The sociologists, economists and philosophers who lived in the 1700s and the early 1800s created a political framework which guided social policy in England, later the United States, then Europe and finally…

Every year more than million local population migrate towards the urban areas.

Gender Discrimination: The regional religious clerics and their influence over the governments have created broad problems for women, and thereby restricting their integration and involvement into society and profession. Although the females have secured permission to vote, and fight elections, but they are subjected to difficult terms and conditions. The employment of females in MENA has improved, however it is still 15% lower than East Asian countries.

Growing pressures on young men and women in the Middle East and North Africa to immigrate to Europe and the U.S. To find jobs and economic opportunities -- a process that inevitably creates new tensions and adjustment problems' (Strategic Insights: Globalization has eluded the Middle East).

egional trade of lower magnitude:. All the countries of the region have so far failed to progress over economic and trade agreements. The countries have…

References

S. Mujahid, WTO, Globalization and Pakistan: Dreaming for Global Living Standards Pakistan and Gulf Economist, May 20, 2002.

Cf. Jeffrey Sachs, Globalization and Patterns of Economic Development

A. Sen, If It's Fair It's Good: 10 Truths About Globalization," International Herald Tribune, July 14, 2001

A.T. Kearney Corp, Measuring Globalization, Foreign Policy

Political & Economic Differences

The author of this paper is asked to answer to five major questions. The first is why there is a difference in terms of political systems from country to country. The second question is how the legal systems of different countries differ. The third question asks the author to explain the economic differences of different countries. The fourth question asks the author to discuss and explain different macro-political and economic changes that occur around the world. Finally, the author is asked to explain how transitioning economies are moving towards market-based systems.

Questions Answered

As for why there are different political systems in different countries, the reasons depend on the actual situation at hand. The system in place in the United States fairly closely matches the way things were set up at its inception and a lot of that was based on escape from brutal government rule…

References

Hill, C.W. (2013). International business: competing in the global marketplace (9 ed.).

New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Tran, M. (2013, April 3). Pakistan needs to recoup more in taxes before any aid boost, say MP's | Global development | theguardian.com . Latest news, world news, sport and comment from the Guardian | theguardian.com | The Guardian .

Retrieved October 4, 2013, from  http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/04/pakistan-recoup-taxes-aid-mps

Ideology in the News

Ideology vs. Discourse on Affirmative Action

The fact that ideology is first based on society and politics in today's media is fairly easy to understand. The role of the journalist is to suspend their viewpoint and remain autonomous in constructing the angle offered by the story. Though most media news outlets newspapers, journals, magazines and such claim that the viewpoint of the journalist reporting is unbiased, this will depend on how the information is presented.

Ideologies are defined as a system of thinking that is the basis of society's interpretation of news presented by groups or individuals. Through the news and media they can share and/or control the prevailing views of society. The following discussion will discuss the role of how journalists from the New York Times, ashington Post, American Prospect, and examples from other leading news publications construct ideology and discourse to present news. Examples…

Works Cited

Ambercrombie, N, Turner, B.S. And Hill, S. (1980). The Dominant ideology thesis.

Eagleton, T. Ideology an introduction. Reed Business Information.

Leonhardt, D. (2007). The new affirmative action. The New York Times.

Sacks, D. & Theil, P. (2010). The case against affirmative action. <  http://www.stanfordalumni.org/news/magazine/1996/sepoct/articles/against.html

" (Strom, 1996) From the view of adult education the purpose of the liberal thinker is development of intellectual powers of the mind. Within this framework the learner is a seeker of knowledge on the conceptual and theoretical base and the teacher is the expert which transmits knowledge. The Progressive view holds that transmission of cultural and societal structure is the path to promoting change on a social level therefore the provision of practice knowledge and skills for problem-solving are necessary if society is to be reformed. From this view the learner needs, interests and experiences are primary factors in learning and the teacher is the organizer and learning experience guide, instigator and evaluator. The Humanistic philosophy holds that development of those who are open to change and ongoing learning and enhancing the personal growth and development of these individual is the path to societal reform. From this view the…

Bibliography

Strom, Bruce Todd (1996) the Role of Philosophy in Education-for-Work. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education. Winter 1996. Online available at  http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/JITE/v33n2/strom.html 

Philosophies of Adult education (1997) Lorraine Zinn in chapter three ("Identifying Your Philosophical Orientation") of Adult Learning Methods: A Guide for Effective Instruction (1990). The tables were edited and expanded during a discussion in ADE 5080 Spring 1997. Online available at  http://www.fsu.edu/~adult-ed/jenny/philosophy.html

Conflicts are not regarded as the right way of solving disputes between nations or communities. As such, boundary conflicts have not been governing any chance to exist within the society. These conflicts reiterate the need for the United Nations to explore on the natural boundary existence between various nations (Tucker and Priscilla 152). Though boundary politics results in wars and conflicts, they are potent towards the existence and preservation of sovereignty between nations. Because of the recurrence of political boundary conflicts, many nations have resorted to signing treaties indicating a separation and boundaries relating to political movements.

Recommendations/possible solutions

There are a number of steps, which can be used to end political boundary wars in the world. Politics, being the higher agent of political boundary wars, should be subjected to scrutiny and study. This will help recover rightful ways of separating between politics and boundaries between nations and communities. Nations…

Works cited

Fleishman, Rachel, Catherine Gerard, and Rosemary O'Leary. Pushing the Boundaries: New

Frontiers in Conflict Resolution and Collaboration. Bingley: JAI Press, 2008. Print.

Harvey, Brian P. An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues.

Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000. Print.

Political ealignment

Curse

a) Are we in the midst of a political realignment in America?

Political realignment is an aspect, which is in evitable in America. It is evident that the political scenes in America today are changing from one state to the other. It is clear across the nation that realignment is not only bringing significant changes in the political scenes, but the changes are evident and are affecting the social and economic circles too. The big picture in political circles in America is that of minority parties rising up to become the most influential across the board. On the other hand, people in the majority parties have to stir up their confidence to catch up with the completion. In this context, political realignment is one of the major features in America (Winograd & Hais, 2009).

b) What role will social capital play in fostering / hindering the realignment?…

References

Miller, A.H. (February 9. 2012). Jews, Party Identification, and Political Realignment.Daily Digest.  http://pjmedia.com/blog/jews-party-identification-and-political-realignment/ 

Putnam, R.D. (2000) Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster (Touchstone).

Wattenberg, M.P. (2008) Is voting for young people? New York, NY: Pearson Longman. (ISBN 10: 0-205-51807-9, ISBN 13: 978-0-205-51807-4)

Winograd, M. & Hais, M.D. (2009) Millennial makeover: MySpace, YouTube and the future of American politics: New Jersey: Rutgers Press

In this paper, he discusses the role of culturel in relation to the present age of "barbarism." He makes the important statement that in the age that has produces barbaric events such as Auschwitz, cultural activities such as the writing of poetry are no longer possible. By this he implies that the age that produces barbaric events can no longer act as if their cultural products or creations are exempt from the responsibility for these events. Therefore, to assume that one can continue to write poetry and engage in other cultural activities is "impossible."

If we unpack these views, we find that what Adorno is referring to is the underling way of thought or the submerged ideologies that are not "visible" but which tend to shape, motivate and determine the cultural output. In other words, Adorno in this article draws our attention to the underlying "forces" that exist in Western…

There was once a time when Greeks, for example, prided themselves over their national identity which was obviously based on the piece of land that Greeks occupied. However with the passage of time, this piece of land is losing its significance. Land is still important for other reasons but it is no longer the factor that sets one group of people apart from another. This is an interesting development and one that explains why geography is gradually becoming history.

Everywhere nation-states are dying and this death has contributed to rapid decline in the significance of geographical demarcations. We can blame the information age as well as globalization for this change. But according to civilization theories postulated by Huntington, this change is grounded in religious and cultural differences/similarities. West is now better known for its identity as westerns rather than as North Americans or Europeans. This is due to the fact…

References

Samuel Huntington: Clash of Civilizations. Retrieved online 6th June 2006 at  http://www.alamut.com/subj/economics/misc/clash.html

He commonly regales his backers with strong, repetitive phrases that carry a sermon-like quality of affirmation: "Yes we can." Obama's catchphrase has helped to attract even greater media support in the form of entertainment industry backing of the kind that appeals to the candidate's often young, white base. The musical group, the lack Eyed Peas recorded as song entitled "Yes We Can," that contains words from Obama's speeches as lyrics, and provides a powerful musical beat to his campaign while giving it the cachet of popular culture.

The media's love affair with arack Obama recently became a theme of the Clinton campaign when, beginning at the Texas debate, Hillary Clinton drew attention to a Saturday Night Live skit in which, during a simulated debate, arack Obama was offered a pillow to make him comfortable rather than asked the hardball questions that were hurled at his opponent.

The televised lampoon of…

Bibliography

Colmes, Alan and Hannity, Sean.

Discussion of the Media's Treatment of Sen. Hillary Clinton." Hannity & Colmes, 27 February 2008.

Espo, David.

Clinton, Obama Trade Jabs on Health Care." Associated Press, 28 February 2008.

(Ng, 1994, p. 93)

The philosophy of Confucius was based essentially on that of human relationships expanded to the sphere of the state, and even beyond into the cosmos. ight conduct and proper action among individuals and groups would result in an ordered universe, one that operated according to the proper laws. By cultivating these believes and following these rules one could hope to produce a society that was perfectly ordered and self-perpetuating. The Confucian ideal of leadership has endured today among many, not only in China, but in many parts of East Asia, and has even attracted followers in the West, for it addresses the issue of responsibility as a metaphor for virtue and harmony.

Far less idealistic were the ideas of the enaissance thinker, Niccolo Machiavelli. Machiavelli lived in Italy at a time when its various princes were contending for power. The region was riven by war and…

References

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=97002683 

Bassnett, S. (1988). Elizabeth I: A Feminist Perspective. Oxford: Berg Publishers.

A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=37111890

Hanh, T.N. (2000). Three Zen Buddhist Ethics. In Striking a Balance: A Primer in Traditional Asian Values (pp. 98-140). New York: Seven Bridges Press.

Conservative Republican and Democrat Ideologies

In America, Republicans and Democrats are largely divided between a host of different issues. Part of the reason for this is based on political ideology, as balancing the needs of business and protecting the general public will often come into conflict with one another. In Dane County, the situation is no different, with both parties creating similar divides among the electorate. A good example of this can be seen by looking no further than, the Comprehensive Planning Survey. This found that residents wanted to see the government play a balanced role between the needs of business and the public. As there were a number of different elements that were identified as the most important part of the government's role to residents these include: promoting effective recycling efforts, avoiding the duplication of various government services and supporting intelligent economic growth. This is important, because many of…

Bibliography

"Comprehensive Planning Survey." Dane County Government, 2005. Web. 10 Dec. 2010.

Johnston, Nicholas. "Former President Clinton Backs Obama Tax Compromise." Business Week, 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2010.

Martin, Laurie. "Is there Red Environmentalism and Blue Environmentalism." Science 2.0, 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2010

Shapely, Dan. "On Environment, Republican Debate Outpaced Democrats. Daily Green, 2007. Web. 10 Dec. 2010

religion shaped identity political entities ussia (us', Soviet Union, ussian federation) ways 'Historically, there has been a somewhat tricky dichotomy between religion in what is today known as ussia and the political situation that has governed this country. The relationship between these two crucial elements of society -- religion and politics -- has at times been in accordance with one another, and other times dangerously at odds with each other. Today there is a degree of tolerance and temperance between these two aspects of ussian life that have served to produce a great deal of friction throughout the country previously.

During the period of Czarist ussia, which concluded in 1917, politics exerted a great deal of influence over religion. With the Czars governing the country, ussian Orthodoxy was essentially the only religion supported by the state. Despite the fact that this religion was prevalent throughout the country well before the…

References

McCarthy, B. (2012). "Grappling with a post-Soviet identity." PRI's The World. Retrieved from  http://www.theworld.org/2012/01/post-soviet-identity/ 

No author. (2007). "Religious and political history of modern Russia." Mary Mother of God Mission Society. Retrieved from  http://www.vladmission.org/history/religiouspoliticalhist.htm

Cinema and American Politics

will address the relationship between film and politics in the U.S.

Contextual Paragraphs:

The modern politics of the U.S. has often been reflected in the mainstream Hollywood films of the era yet simultaneously criticized and satirized by auteur and/or independent filmmakers, such as Kubrick with his 1964 Dr. Strangelove or Oliver Stone's JFK. While political science is a field in which the dynamics of political discourse may be examined more directly, an analysis of the cinematic representation of American politics as depicted in film can provide an alternative assessment of the life of U.S. political forces, how they are perceived to operate in popular film, and how popular political beliefs are shaped and communicated to citizens as a result.

For instance, Spielberg's Lincoln and his recent Bridge of Spies are two films that celebrate some aspect of the American political ideal (such as freedom, unity, integrity,…

In this article, Grenier discusses the history of paranoia in political classes, dissecting groups according to ethnicity, political affiliation, and culture. He points to Stone's film on JFK as evidence that the paranoid class has evolved into a force worth reckoning. This article will be helpful to my paper because it highlights one of the ways in which the political establishment views critically the success of Stone's work.

King, Noel. "Reconsidering the film-politics relation." Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, vol. 6, no. 1 (1992): 228-235.

This study focuses on the way in which society is shaped by a film-political discourse, with cinema both reflecting the political ideology and attacking it at alternate intervals. Thus there is a tendency for the political establishment to reach out to and use Hollywood and a tendency for Hollywood to be both receptive to the embrace and resistant to it. The article is helpful to this paper because it shows how there is an uneven relationship between the political field and cinema and how a two-way flow can be perceived.

community" is "under attack from both political and ideological processes," including postmodernism and globalization (Burkett, 2001, p. 233). At the same time, Burkett continues, there is in the literature / scholarship a new interest in how the idea of "community" fits into the changing world dynamics, including the possibility of placing of "community" in a more wholistic framework, which could open the door to new approaches to community development (233).

hat is impressive about Burkett's research is the idea that in the future community should be thought of as a "verb" and not always looked at as a "noun." As a verb, community implies "action, process and change" and hence community is "not an object which can be 'lost' or 'found'" (237). The concept of "community development also needs to be reexamined and "reinvented," Burkett insists (243). That is because in the past, community development meant a orld Bank investment…

Works Cited

Baines, Donna. (2007). Building Relationships with the Community. In Bridging the Practice-

Activism Divide in Mainstream Social Work. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing, 50-66.

Baines, Donna. Perspectives on Community Development. In Bridging the Practice-Activism

Divide in Mainstream Social Work. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing, 31-43/

he Power Elite (1956) describes the relationship between political, military, and economic elite (people at the pinnacles of these three institutions), noting that these people share a common world view: 1) the "military metaphysic"- a military definition of reality, possess 2) "class identity"- recognizing themselves separate and superior to the rest of society, have 3) interchangeability: the move within and between the three institutional structures and hold interlocking directorates 4) cooptation/socialization: of prospective new members is done based on how well they "clone" themselves socially after such elite.

he United States represents the ideal place for the developing of the elite power. he way to understand the power of the American elite lies neither solely in recognizing the historic scale of events nor in accepting the personal awareness reported by men of apparent decision. Behind such men and behind the events of history, linking the two, are the major institutions…

The Power Elite (1956) describes the relationship between political, military, and economic elite (people at the pinnacles of these three institutions), noting that these people share a common world view: 1) the "military metaphysic"- a military definition of reality, possess 2) "class identity"- recognizing themselves separate and superior to the rest of society, have 3) interchangeability: the move within and between the three institutional structures and hold interlocking directorates 4) cooptation/socialization: of prospective new members is done based on how well they "clone" themselves socially after such elite.

The United States represents the ideal place for the developing of the elite power. The way to understand the power of the American elite lies neither solely in recognizing the historic scale of events nor in accepting the personal awareness reported by men of apparent decision. Behind such men and behind the events of history, linking the two, are the major institutions of modern society. Within American society, major national power now resides in the economic, the political, and the military domains.

The Marxist power is a philosophical, social theory and a political practice based on the works of Karl Marx. Together with Friedrich Engels, he developed one of his famous works Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. One of the main theories of Marxism is inspirited by Hegel's philosophy proposed a form of idealism in which the progress of freedom is the guiding theme of human history. Another theory is that of the labour. Marx proposed a systematic correlation between labour-values and money prices. He claimed that the source of profits under capitalism is value added by workers not paid out in wages. This mechanism operated through the distinction between "labour power,"

A change of leadership and divisive social forces might pressure such hatreds into re-erupting, but these hatreds are still historical 'products.'

A balance between history and psychology is needed to fully understand why mass political atrocities occur. A diffusion of responsibility during the action such as a war or a collective lynching can be a facilitating factor, but the social and historical context must be acknowledged. An authority that validates the atrocity, as in the case of Hitler or Milosevic can legitimize terror, but the people's responsiveness to that figure has its roots in culture and collective psychology. Furthermore, distance from authority can also create a sense of validation -- although lynching was never part of the official justice system of the South, it was obvious that the authorities were willing to ignore lynchings, provided they was done under the cover of night. The repercussions for protecting African-Americans and treating…

ideology from Karl Marx's work of literature The German Ideology -- is the disintegration of the conventional notion of ideology in times contemporaneous with Marx's writings. In order to properly understand this theme, one must be familiar with the German philosopher Hegel -- who cast a wide influence over the realm of ideology in general, and on German ideology in particularly.

Specifically, Marx compares the notions of the Young Hegel movement with that from the Old or the traditional Hegel movement. It is critical to note that within Germany (as is the case with much of Europe) Hegel's conception of ideology is so supreme that it polarizes the aforementioned groups -- the latter of which tends to view the facts that he disseminates as noxious, whereas the former views those facts as worthy of praise. As such, the principle theme driving these readings is the deconstruction of what Marx perceives…

Works Cited

Marx, Karl. The German Ideology. 1846. Print.

Problem/Puzzle
Krastev (2011) is perplexed by the stability and longevity of authoritarian regimes in the “age of democratication,” (p. 7).
Main Argument
The “new authoritarianism,” or the “user-friendly” version of authoritarianism is compelling and attractive (Krastev, 2011, p. 7). Russia is actually a good springboard for discussing the new authoritarianism because it represents some of its key features, within a historically relevant framework. Russia’s authoritarian regime is also paradoxical in that it has appropriated some of the most salient democratic institutions.
Theories & Concepts
Krastev (2011) relies heavily on Seymour Martin Lipset’s theories of democracy, political culture, and economic development.
Empirical Evidence
The author provides evidence from other political theorists including Jason Brownlee, Steven Levitsky, and Lucan Way (p. 11), and also cites Jeane Kirkpatrick’s 1979 classic “Dictatorships and Double Standards,” (p. 12).
Structure
Ideology, or a relative lack thereof, is one of the features of the new authoritarianism. Also,…

Inteestingly enough, it can be obseved that the usage of books as souces of mateial is elatively educed in both aticles.

Afte a seies of analyses, Paul Conish comes to the conclusion that, despite the temendous intenational movements and advances, the secuity policy of the Euopean Union emains unclea. The main easons fo this uncetainty ae given pimaily by the difficultly in pedicting the county's subjection to any militay theats, the changing shape and size of the Euopean Union o the opaque inteests of the fomation. What does howeve impove the stand is the adheence of the EU membe states to NATO, which emains the most cedible secuity oganization acoss the globe.

Given this situation, the political appoach of the oveall Euopean continent to secuity issues seems to be mostly influenced by NATO, athe than the Westen Euopean Union o the Euopean Union. This context led to a situation in…

references for Institutional Change in EU Foreign and Security Policy, International Organization, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2004, pp.137-174, Published by Cambridge University Press

conservative intellectual movement, but also the role of William uckley and William Rusher in the blossoming of the youth conservative movement

Talk about structure of paper, who not strictly chronologically placed (ie hayek before the rest) - in this order for thematic purposes, to enhance the genuiness of the paper (branches of the movement brought up in order of importance to youth conservative revolt) For instance, Hayek had perhaps the greatest impact on the effects of the movement - uckley and Rusher. These individuals, their beliefs, their principles were extremely influential in better understanding the origins, history, and leaders of American conservatism.

Momentous events shape the psyche of an individual as the person matures. A child grows up in poverty vows to never be like his parents, and keeps this inner vow to become a millionaire. A young woman experiences sexual trauma as a teen, and chooses a career that…

Bibliography

George Nash, The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945  http://www.nationalreview.com/22dec97/mcginnis122297.html . National review online The Origins of Conservatism George Mc Ginnis

Volume Library #2, p. 2146

Schneider, Cadres for Conservatism

McGinnis, National Review Online

People

In 1863, President Abraham Lincoln delivered a brief but stirring speech while the country was in the process of tearing itself apart in a civil war. During that speech President Lincoln stated a phrase that has helped to capture what democracy means. Lincoln told the audience that had gathered to dedicate a soldier's cemetery that the government that had been formed "of the people, by the people, for the people" would not "perish from the earth." In that phrase, Lincoln summarized what the founding fathers had hoped to capture in documents that shaped the system of government they believed was essential for prosperity and happiness for all mankind. The fact that the United States has remained in existence for more than 200 years does not necessarily mean that the ideals Lincoln spoke of are in existence today. In fact, many would argue that the concepts Lincoln captured in his…

Works Cited

Hamilton, Alexander, "Federalist Paper 79," Independent Journal 18 Jun. 1788

Madison, James, "Federalist Paper 37," Daily Advertiser 11 Jan. 1788

Madison, James, "Federalist Paper 52," New York Packet 8 Feb. 1788

Art

"Howl" and "Guernica" Outline

The paper demonstrates the ways in which both pieces of art contemplate and express multiple themes, including those of religion, morality, happiness, life-affirmation, and freedom.

"Howl" is a poem that is both a mourning and a celebration of life.

"Guernica" is an expression of pain and war.

oth works of art have many themes and many of the same themes.

Ginserb, the 1950s, and "Howl"

He composed the poem in the middle of the 1950s, one of the greatest decades in history for mainstream America.

He is heavily influenced by previous poets and by his own lived experiences.

Howl" shows readers how they can be connected to spirituality, religion, and what is sarcred or holy with, and without the use of the formal church.

Poetry is another form of storytelling that is best when read/performed aloud.

Howling, Expression, and Jazz

A. If we are howling,…

Bibliography:

1. Raento, P., & Watson, C.J. "Gernika, Guernica, Guernica?: Contested meanings of a Basque place." Political Geography, Vol. 19, Pgs 707 -- 736, 2000.

The authors discuss the many ways to interpret "Guernica." The authors focus upon why and how Picasso created such a dense work of art. The authorts furthermore explore and offer various ways for readers to interpret the painting from a historical and contemporary perspective.

2. Ginsberg, Allen. Howl. City Lights Books: San Francisco. 1956. Print.

This is the entirety of the poem. There is a foreword, preface, and afterword. The majority of the book consists of the poem "Howl," although there are other poems. Some of the other poems in the book are directly related to "Howl" in subject and style, and some are more obtusely related to the title poem.

Political Compromise

Compromise and Politics

Public choice should be at the forefront of any politician's minds when compromising. However, many people working in politics recognize they are motivated by self-interests and personal ideologies as much as anyone else; however, compromise may not always occur in an atmosphere where political leaders place personal ethical beliefs over the need to govern through compromise.

Politics is supposedly the "art of compromise" (Boudreaux & Lee, 1997) where elected officials are expected to put voter's needs and wants ahead of personal agendas. Glaser (2006) notes that often the needs of the majority can become the wants and desire of the minority if a savvy politician has the ability to redirect attitudes and frame ideologies in a beneficial manner. However, in today's heated political arena, often "compromise" entails putting one's personal ideologies in place instead of the needs and wants of voters. To need to implement…

References:

Bourdreaux, Donald & Lee, Dwight R. 1997 Winter. Politics as the art of confined compromise.

Cato Journal, 16(3). Cato Institute. Retrieved:  http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj16n3-6.html 

Bovard, J. 1991. The fair trade fraud. New York: St. Martin's Press.

Glaser, J.M. (2006). Public support for political compromise on a volatile racial issue: insight from the survey experiment. Political Psychology, 27(3).

Political Legitimacy and the Nature of Authority Throughout History

From the origins of civilization to the middle of the seventeenth century, the nature of authority does change -- but it typically changes according to the demands of the individual society. In ancient times, authority is based on a number of factors, such as military might (in ome, Greece, Persia); but religious beliefs also play a part (the Greeks were very devoted to the gods and goddesses, for instance); and so too does the political process (in ome, they refused to have kings for a time) and in Athens, political authority lay in the democratic process (Haaren, Poland, 2000). In the medieval age, authority is based on the combination of reason and faith and the assent of kings to the oman Pontiff to allow the Church to have a say in the governance of Christendom, after Constantine allowed Christianity to come…

References

Elliott, J. H. (2009). Spain, Europe and the Wider World: 1500-1800. Yale University

Press.

Haaren, J., Poland, A.B. (2000). Famous Men of Greece C. Shearer, R. Shearer [Ed.].

Lebanon, TN: Greenleaf Press.

Political Ideology

My political ideology is based on my reading of the early Federalist and Anti-Federalist Papers. When I read these papers I realized that the way our country works today was really shaped by events back then during the days of the founding of the country's constitution. I used to be a Constitutionalist and identify with the libertarians led by on Paul, who pushes to uphold the Constitution. But after reading the Anti-Federalist Papers, I realized that the Constitution itself was never really a good thing: it was essentially designed to take power away from the states and place it in the hands of a central government, an idea promoted by Alexander Hamilton in the Federalist Papers (Federalist No. 6, n.d.). The Anti-Federalists viewed this as a violation of the freedom and autonomy they had just won from England in the evolutionary War (Brutus No. 1, 1787). If the…

References

Brutus No. 1. (1787). Retrieved from  http://www.constitution.org/afp/brutus01.htm 

Federalist No. 6 (n.d.). Retrieved from  http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/fed06.asp 

Jamieson, A. (2016). Brexit Poll: Majority of Brits want to leave EU as referendum looms. NBCNews. Retrieved from  http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/brexit-referendum/brexit-poll-majority-brits-want-leave-eu-referendum-looms-n593441

Nation, Industrialization and Ideology

For the U.S., the idea of nationhood developed simultaneously with the rise of Industrialization. Industrialization enabled the concept of nationhood to be made possible. This concept in America was intertwined with the ideology of “Manifest Destiny” that was first promulgated by John L. O’Sullivan in 1845. Sullivan called it America’s “manifest design of Providence in regard to the occupation of this continent”[footnoteRef:2] and used this “manifest design” as justification for America to expand its borders as far as possible and assert its nationhood status even in the face of Native Americans who had claim to certain territories. Once America had reached the West Coast, it began to look overseas and used its doctrine of Manifest Destiny to spread its influence into Asia with the Spanish-American War. Industrialization gave the U.S. the means to ramp up its military, and the ideology of expansion being God’s will for…

Political Science

As nations move away from a bureaucratic approached to building government t monoliths, the course of political leaders has been termed "creating a more responsive government." Responsive government is a reaction against the long lines, and red tape which has typically stereotyped inflexible government behaviors. Responsive government must become a reality in a world in which citizens have instant access to information and influence which in the past was open to only a select few. Responsive government is an systemic approach which must be addressed by all types of governments, whether democratic, socialist, or modern hybrid.

Robert Dahl (2000) says that a paradox often exists in the execution of government services. Although a majority of citizens in most democratic countries may view participating in political life as neither urgent nor rewarding, overwhelming majorities of citizens do value the rights and opportunities their democratic system of government provides to…

Fuller, Linda. SOCIALISM AND THE TRANSITION IN EAST AND CENTRAL EUROPE: The Homogeneity Paradigm, Class, and Economic Inefficiency Annual Review of Sociology, 2000

Sassoon, Donald "Socialism in the twentieth century:an historical reflection" published in Journal of Political Ideologies (2000), 5(1), 17-34

Linda Fuller "The Socialist Labour Process, the Working Class, and Revolution in the German Democratic Republic" published in Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 50,No. 3, 1998, 469-492

Stimulus Bill Political Communication

Political Communication during the Stimulus Bill Debate

In times of economic uncertainty and national emergency, the government has the capacity to make decisions that it believes will aid the country in its time of need. Such a time of need occurred in 2009 when the country continued to face an existence of dire economic circumstances involving national cash-flow and jobs. In order to set economic recovery into motion, President Obama called for the passing of the American ecovery and einvestment Act of 2009 (AA), otherwise regarded as the stimulus bill. While such a bill was considered pivotal by many government officials in order to get the country back on its feet, crucial differences in policy and bill structure could be viewed in assessing the opinions Democrats and epublicans brought to the floor in terms of the bill's passing. In understanding the basis of the bill itself,…

References

Alarkon, W. (2009 January 25). Boehner says he will vote no on stimulus. The Hill. Web.

Retrieved from:  http://www.thehill.com/leading-the-news/boehner-says-he-will-vote-no-on-stimulus-2009-01-25.html  on 19 October 2011.

Associated Press. (2009 February 2). Obama calls Senate stimulus vote a good start.

Web. Retrieved from:  http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29118636  / on 19 October 2011.

Political Framing

In politics, it is advisable to apply a plethora of strategies all geared towards realizing triumph against the rivaling camp. The dominating camp and its rival camp apply various viscosities meant to injure the rivals politically. Most campaigns strategies often seek to trail the weaknesses of the rival and as a result, provide justifiable position to attack the opponents at all times. The frames seem a derivative of these stratagems. Political framing is instrumental since it aids the construction of a phenomenon that either favors the dominating camp or disfavors the opposing camp. This study will attempt to compare and contrast the equivalent frame and emphasis frame as applied in Lesbianism Gay and Bisexual (LGB) political topic. This study will construct vivid examples from past two U.S. general elections in relation to the topic. The section is segmented into two main sections. Sections one provide a background scenario…

References

Box-Steffensemeier, J.M., & Schier, S.E. (2013). The American Elections of 2012. New York:

Routledge

Callaghan, K., & Schnell, F. (2013). Framing American Politics. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh.

Ferraris, J.P. (2012). Obama 2012: For a Compassionate America. New York: Author House.

The novel opens seven years after Gabo's mother, Ximena, was murdered by coyotes -- or paid traffickers -- during an attempt to cross the border. Her mutilated body was found, her organs gone -- sold most likely. Because of the fear surrounding this border town and the lure of the other side, all of the characters become consumed with finding afa. These people are neglected and abused. Like other fiction works on this topic (such as Cisneros's The House on Mango Street), The Guardians (2008) is rich in symbolism and flavored with Mexican aphorisms. The novel also shows the reader how complex and perilous border life is when you're living in between the United States and Mexico.

The book is important when attempting to understand the challenge of the border town life and it is, at the same time, a testament to faith, family bonds, cultural pride, and the human…

Reference:

Giroux, Henry A. (2001). Theory and resistance in education (Critical studies in education and culture series). Praeger; Rev Exp edition.

San Juan (2002) states that the racism of sex in the U.S. is another element of the unequal political and economic relations that exist between the races in the American democracy. Women of color may even be conceived as constituting "a different kind of racial formation" (2002), although the violence inflicted against them as well as with familial servitude and social inferiority, testifies more sharply to the sedimented structures of class and national oppression embedded in both state and civil society (2002).

San Juan (2002) goes on to explore the articulations between sexuality and nationalism. "What demands scrutiny is more precisely how the categories of patriarchy and ethnonationalism contour the parameters of discourse about citizen identities" (2002). How the idea of nation is sexualized and how sex is nationalized, according to San Juan (2002), are topics that may give clues as to how racial conflicts are circumscribed within the force field of national self-identification.

Sexuality, San Juan (2002) suggests, unlike racial judgment is not a pure self-evident category. He states that it manifests its semantic and ethical potency in the field of racial and gendered politics. In the layering and sedimentation of beliefs about sexual liberty and national belonging in the United States, one will see ambiguities and disjunctions analogous to those between sexuality and freedom as well as the persistence of racist ideology.

During his first few months in Paris, Marx became a communist and put forth his views in a plethora of writings known as the Economic and philosophical Manuscripts, that remained unpublished until the 1930s. It was also in Paris that Marx developed his life long association with Friedrich Engels. (Karl Marx, 1818-1883)

At the end of 1844 Marx was debarred from Paris and with Engels migrated to Brussels. In the initiation of 1848, Marx moved back to Paris when a revolution first emerged and onto Germany where he instituted again in Cologne, the Neue heinishce Zeitung. In later periods Marx settled in London, and was optimistic about the imminence of a new revolutionary emergence in Europe. He re-entered the Communist League and wrote two prolonged pamphlets on the 1848 revolution in France and its repercussions, the Class Struggles in France and the 18th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte. He had a…

References

Adams, John. Ideology. Retrieved at http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/Ideology.html. Accessed on 28 April, 2005

Biography: Mao Zedong. Retrieved at http://il.essortment.com/maozedongbiogr_rkok.htm. Accessed on 28 April, 2005

Bunton, Hedley P. Forty Years of China: Chapter 11 - the thoughts and acts of Mao Tse-tung. 1988. Retrieved at http://www.acay.com.au/~bunton/china40y/chap11.html. Accessed on 28 April, 2005

Karl Marx, 1818-1883. Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History. Retrieved at  http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html . Accessed on 28 April, 2005

Finally, logic consists of the study of formal argument and is fundamentally related to other branches of philosophy and to the process of human reason, more generally.

he metaphysician might study such things as where the lines are properly drawn between identifying something as living or nonliving, whether our perception of being alive necessarily means that we are alive, and whether or not we can trust that we are awake and not merely dreaming that we are awake (aylor, 2002). he epistemologist might study whether (and how) one can know whether our assumptions and perceptions are capable of yielding information on the basis of which any conclusions can be drawn at all. he epistemologist would be concerned with how we know what we know and with what we can possibly know, whereas the metaphysician would be concerned with understanding the nature of what we perceive around us (aylor, 2002).

Axiologists…

Taylor, R. (2002). Freedom, Anarchy, and the Law: An Introduction to Political

Philosophy. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus.

Wiley, C. "The ABC's of Business Ethics: Definitions, Philosophies and Implementation" Industrial Management, Vol. 22, No. 5 (1995): 27-34.

eference List

Yom, Sean L. Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World (2005). MEIA - The Middle East eview of International Affairs. Volume 9, No.4, Article 2. etrieved December 11, 2006 at http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2005/issue4/jv9no4a2.html.

Gilchrist, Alice N. Khalidi discuses Arab world (1991). The Tech. Volume 111, No.21. etrieved December 12, 2006 at http://www-tech.mit.edu/V111/N21/mideas.21n.html.

Arab-Israeli Conflict: ole of religion (2006). etrieved December 12, 2006 at http://www.science.co.il/Arab-Israeli-conflict-2.asp#Intra-Arab.

Schnabel, Albrecht. A rough journey: Nascent democratization in the Middle East. etrieved December 12, 2006 at http://www.unu.edu/unupress/sample-chapters/Democratization-ME.pdf.

Morris, Benny. ighteous Victims (2001). etrieved December 12, 2006 at http://www.israelipalestinianprocon.org/bin/procon/procon.cgi?database=5-F-Subs-Q02.db&command=viewone&op=t&id=3&rnd=629.2625213895783.

Greenwood, Scott. Jordan, al-Aqsa intifada and America's "war on terror" (2003). etrieved December 12, 2006 at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_go1651/is_200309/ai_n9154518.

Yom, Sean L. Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World (2005). MEIA - The Middle East eview of International Affairs. Volume 9, No.4, Article 2. etrieved December 11, 2006 at http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2005/issue4/jv9no4a2.html.

Gilchrist, Alice N. Khalidi discusses Arab world (1991).…

Reference List

Yom, Sean L. Civil Society and Democratization in the Arab World (2005). MERIA - The Middle East Review of International Affairs. Volume 9, No.4, Article 2. Retrieved December 11, 2006 at  http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2005/issue4/jv9no4a2.html .

Gilchrist, Alice N. Khalidi discuses Arab world (1991). The Tech. Volume 111, No.21. Retrieved December 12, 2006 at  http://www-tech.mit.edu/V111/N21/mideas.21n.html .

Arab-Israeli Conflict: Role of religion (2006). Retrieved December 12, 2006 at  http://www.science.co.il/Arab-Israeli-conflict-2.asp#Intra-Arab .

Schnabel, Albrecht. A rough journey: Nascent democratization in the Middle East. Retrieved December 12, 2006 at  http://www.unu.edu/unupress/sample-chapters/Democratization-ME.pdf .

Literature is allowed to expand across class lines because it is constantly seeking out new forms of expressing the human experience. Even the most elite of the bourgeoisie are allowed to enjoy the latest experimental or ethnic literature, which serve as pure representations of the proletariat human experience, "it is common to see 'literature' defined as 'full, central, immediate human experience,' usually an associated reference to 'minute particulars,'" (illiams 45). These "minute particulars" are what make literature so interesting and entertaining, thus successful. It is with this understanding of literature as an ideology that the concept of ideology can take on duel roles, "A common culture is thus entirely compatible with a hierarchical one," (Eagleton The Idea of Culture 115). Much unlike the theories which state that a true ideology cannot live up to a duel existence, literature as an ideology proves to do just that.

It is in this…

Works Cited

Bawden, Garth. "Symbols of Power." The Moche. Wiley. 1996.

Eagleton, Terry. The Idea of Culture. Blackwell Publishing. 2000.

Eagleton, Terry. "The Rise of the English." Norton Anthology of Literature. PUT EXACT PUBLICATION INFO HERE

Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: An Introduction Volume 1. Vintage Books.

Theory vs. Ideology

What is ideology?

Ideology is a belief system that supports and promotes personal or a group's social or religious agenda. In some cases its nature will be obvious to most people, but in other cases an ideology will be disguised as scientific fact based on nonexistent or reinterpreted empirical evidence. Ideologies are invariably supported by personally- or collectively-held religious or political beliefs, rather than extant empirical evidence or objective observation. Concepts within the ideology are typically framed in a black and white manner, such as right vs. wrong, just vs. unjust, and Evil Empire vs. God's Country. The use of such terminology has the effect of erasing the inherent complexity common to most social issues. From the perspective of a social scientist the most important characteristic is that ideologies are refractory to scientific inquiry and may go so far as to attack opposing beliefs to preserve its…

Bibliography

Cusac, Anne-Marie (2009). Cruel and Unusual: The Culture of Punishment in America. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Sexual and Religious Ideologies of uddhism in North India

uddhism is the fourth largest religion in the world, exceeded only by Christianity, Islam and Hinduism (Robinson, 1982). The uddha, Siddhartha Gautama, founded udhiam in Northern India. When uddha was 29, he left his wife, children and community involvements in order to seek truth and Nirvana. At the time, it was acceptable for men to leave their family and seek spiritual enlightenment.

uddha rejecting both extremes of the mortification of the flesh and of hedonism as paths toward the state of Nirvana (Warren, 1963). uddha spread the belief that in order to live a life without pain and suffering, people are required to eliminate any attachments to worldly goods. Only when this is accomplished will they be afforded peace and happiness. uddhists believe that they must rid themselves of greed, hatred, and ignorance.

uddhists strive to cultivate four attitudes into their…

Bibliography

The Dhammapada, ed. And trans. Juna Mascaro (London, Penguin Books, 1973).

Tales from the Kathasaritsagara, trans. Arshia Sattar (London: penguin, 1994).

The Divine Madman: the Sublime Life and Songs of Drukpa Kunley. Trans. Keithe Dowman and Sonam Paljor. (London: Rider, 1980)

Ashvaghosha, Buddhacarita, in Budhist Scriptures, ed. trans. Edward Conze (London: Penguin Books, 1959)

In this way, they differ significantly from the general global tendency to have fewer children in the interest of a sustainable future for humanity. Cultural values are regarded as primarily important in the decision to have and raise children.

When the issue is thoroughly investigated, it is clear that culture is indeed a political issue. There are several and divergent reasons for this, of which the most important is that both politics and culture are inseparable from human life itself. There is no community that does not have some sort of government and some sort of culture. The ways in which culture and politics interact and manifest are as numerous as there are nations on earth. This is what makes it both a complicated and rich field of study.

eferences

Bentley, Jerry H. 1996. Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History. The American Historical eview, Vol. 101, no. 3. June…

References

Bentley, Jerry H. 1996. Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History. The American Historical Review, Vol. 101, no. 3. June 1995.  http://www.learner.org/courses/worldhistory/support/whatis_reading_2.pdf 

International association for Conflict Management. 2007. Reciprocating concessions in intercultural and intracultural contexts. 20th Annual Conference: Budapest Hungary, July 1-4.  http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1100608 

Philpott, Daniel. Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion. University of Notre Dame

Sizoo, Edith. 2000. An intercultural and multilingual contribution to the framing of a Charter of the Alliance. Syros Workshop, Greece. October 30 -- November 4.

The idea that all human beings were born equal and that as equals and that all had equal rights flew in the face of traditional social norms. In the Old World, social hierarchies determined political and economic status. In the New World, citizens at least had the opportunity to participate in town meetings. The newly bestowed rights and freedoms were not universal, however. Slaves and women were both excluded from the political process, stripped of the liberties granted to white males.

Moreover, the revolution proposed a new form of republican government that was "by the people." The Greeks had practiced a democratic form of government but the Americans extended Hellenistic ideas by fusing them with Enlightenment theory. The Revolutionary War did alter the political landscape of the New World. Rather than be governed from beyond as a colony, the United States asserted its right to self-government.

The line of legitimacy, separating socially approvable use of force from violence, cannot be effectively drawn without an agreement on what constitutes the optimum amount of force necessary to maintain social order and to protect human rights against encroachment. A society subscribing to infinite morality which condemns all use of force as immoral is doomed no less than a society accepting the absolute pragmatism of tyrants. "

As Oleg Zinam proposes, these two extreme social attitudes to morality are equally unprofitable to the societies that adopt them. The attitude of absolute pragmatism can easily lead to the acceptance of political assassinations, as long as such acts may help the final political purpose. An example of absolute pragmatism can be the regime initiated by Hitler, who ordered the extermination of all Jews in an attempt to "purify" the human race by excluding anyone who did not fill in the Arian ideal.…

Works Cited

Ben-Yehuda, Nachman. 1997. Political Assassination Events as a Cross- Cultural form of Alternative Justice.

International Journal of Comparative Sociology, Vol.38: 25-30.

Feliks, Gross. 1974. The Revolutionary Party. Essays in the Sociology of Politics. Westport: Greenwood

Press.

Sears goes as far as claiming that without John Hancock, the outcome of the American Revolution might have been different.

John Hancock was an extraordinary personality who became involved on the fight for freedom and who risked everything for this cause. He was a bright businessman and a clever politician who enjoyed the privileges of being one of the wealthiest men in Massachusetts, but who was also deeply involved in his community's life and profoundly interested in the fate of his fellow countrymen. "Though reared in the lap of luxury, he had been rocked in the cradle of liberty and prized the cause of the colonists too high to abandon it for an oppressive monarchy"(Musick, 1898).

One of the lessons John Hancock taught to the American people was that one has to pay his debts to his motherland. Clever business men, bright artists, sportsmen who worked hard and went through…

Proctor, D.J. 1977. John Hancock: New Soundings on an Old Barrel. The Journal of American History, Vol. 64, No. 3

Ransom, C.F., Parlin, 2004.T. John Hancock. Lerner Publications

Sears. L. 1912. John Hancock, the Picturesque Patriot: The Picturesque Patriot. Little, Brown, and Company. Original from the University of California

" Real Americans support the right of religious people to worship, and would never base legislation on a religious conviction rather than a conviction based on constitutional rights, constitutional law, and Enlightenment ethics.

American political identity is continually changing also because of the incredible ethnic and cultural diversity within the nation's borders. hen gender, sexual identity, socio-economic class, and other factors are also included in the mix, America's political philosophy is naturally heterogeneous. hen new immigrants enter the United States, they contribute to the common ideals of a nation founded on principles like universal liberty and justice. "Debates about immigration and national identity cut to the core of our national self-image as a nation of immigrants, and invariably includes allusions to the past -- real and idealized -- as a way of under- standing and coping with social and demographic changes today," (Segura 278). hite supremacist Americans are currently in…

Works Cited

Brooks, David "One Nation, Slightly Divisible." The Atlantic Monthly; Dec 2001; 288, 5; ABI/INFORM Global pg. 53

Hartz "The Concept of a Liberal Society"

Hooks, Bell. "Postmodern Blackness." 19 Apr 1994.

King, Martin Luther. "Letter from a Birmingham Jail." 16 April 1963.

Nationalism

Two distinct political movements influence the course of modern Taiwanese history: groups that are pro-independence and those that favor eventual unification with mainland China. In the year 2000, the pro-independence Democratic Progressive Party came into power in Taiwan, taking over from the well-established Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party). The official websites of these two major Taiwanese political parties display different approaches to the independence issue as well as to Taiwanese history and culture. The tone of writing, content, and design layout of these websites also distinguish the attitudes of these opposing political parties.

The Kuomintang enjoys the honor of being the most well-established and historically popular political party on the island of Taiwan. Started by Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Kuomintang savored relatively unchallenged political dominance until the year 2000. The Kuomintang website at http://www.kmt.org.tw/e_index.html, which only offers one page of information in the English language, only briefly mentions the peaceful…

Works Cited

Democratic Progressive Party.  http://www.dpp.org.tw/ .

Kuomintang. http://www.kmt.org.tw/e_index.html.

Politics

Modern Political Thought

The transition from a feudal serf economy to a capitalist market economy was one of the fundamental shifts which have produced modernity as we know it. This essay aims to understand how the authors of The Prince and Leviathan, Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes would think about the transition and how these two great minds would relate to the issue of capitalism. Capitalism is a funny game that continually creates a series of boom and bust cycles throughout our modern history. Take the 1926 real estate craze that occurred in Florida. The United States economy was cooking along on all cylinders and good times were everywhere. No one was thinking about the Great Depression that would occur just a few years later. The rich and happy of 1926 figured that all was well as often is the case in Capitalism. Prosperity and growth were infinite --…

Works Cited, continued

Solomon, Jay. (2009). "U.S., India Expand Counterterrorism Cooperation." Wall Street Journal Online. (2009). Retrieved on November 25, 2009 from online.wsj at  http://online.wsj.com/article/SB125907299030362349.htmlWallerstein , Immanuel. (1983): "Historical Capitalism." Thetford Press, Limited: Norfolk.

White, Michael (2007). "Machiavelli, A Man Misunderstood." Abacus.

Heidegger and Hitler

Proponents of Heidegger's metaphysical viewpoint are reluctant to identify a relationship between it and the opprobrious Nazi regime which Heidegger supported from 1933 to 1945. Critics of Heidegger, however, view the relationship between his metaphysics and his politics as significant. One might well ask, therefore, whether the relationship is real or only apparent -- whether the tenets of National Socialism are found in Heidegger's philosophy, or whether the fact that the two came from one man is merely a coincidence that ultimately means little.

Yet, by the formula of his own analysis (set forth in Contributions to Philosophy: Of the Event), one can see that Heidegger's metaphysics cannot be separated from his politics anymore than he himself can be separated from the environment and context in which he came to maturity. But while some scholars view Heidegger's political views as having an impact on his metaphysical views,…

Works Cited

Farias, Victor. Heidegger and Nazism. PA: Temple University Press, 1987. Print.

Gillespie, Michael Allen. Hegel, Heidegger, and the Ground of History. IL: University

of Chicago Press, 1984. Print.

Heidegger, Martin. Contributions to Philosophy: Of the Event. IN: Indiana University

(Olivia C. Smith, 2002).

One of the leading political Chicana women today is Dolores Huerta; she is the co-founder of the First Vice President Emeritus which belongs to United Farm Workers of America. orn in April 10, 1930, she founded an organization namely Community Service Organization in 1955 and in 1960 she founded Agricultural Workers Association. Later on, she worked with Cesar Chavez and built an organization, National Farm Workers Association which name was changed to United Workers Organizing Committee and afterwards it became UFW in 1966. She made a contract between UFW and Schenley Wine Company for the farm workers who successfully bargained with an agricultural enterprise. Dolores directed a boycott the UFW's national grape for the farm workers to the consumers. In result for this boycott, California table grape industry signed a three years agreement with the United Farm Workers. She is highly politically active and against the…

Bibliography

Jandura, Tereza. Women in the Mexican Revolution.  http://www.ic.arizona.edu/ic/mcbride/ws200/mex-jand.htm#Soldaderas 

Smith, Olivia C. 2002 Chicana Feminism  http://www.english.emory.edu/Bahri/chicana.html 

Wikipedia.com Maria Echaveste and Dolores Huerta www.wikipedia.comPath: Maria Echaveste, Dolores Huerta.

An important contribution to the market ideology is that the authors recognized the existence of a relationship between employment and the market. This relationship was based on that the employment, the division of labor and the "human material progress had proceed in parallel with the growth of the market." Otherwise put, there existed a direct relationship between the market and the employment, with the market being the feature which set the tone. An increase of the market would generate an increase in employment and vice versa. However, an increase or decrease in employment would not affect the market as the relationship between the two is unilateral.

Engels, Moore and Jones believed that the future successful implementation of the communist policies would see no major use of the market; "in the society of the future, there would be no mediation through the market. Wealth would satisfy needs directly. It would be…

References

Callinicos, a., 2004, the Revolutionary Ideas of Karl Marx, 3rd Edition, Bookmarks Publication Ltd.

Engels, F., Marx, K., 2006, Socialism: Utopian and Scientific, Mondial

Groenwegen, P.D., 2003, Classics and Moderns in Economics: Essays on Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Economic Thought, Routledge

Marx, K., 2005, the Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte, Mondial

4). This idea has since been abandoned. The mythology of the Amazons, a matriarchy of warrior women, has been discounted as no more than a myth, one deriving from the deep-seated fear on the part of males that they might lose their power and authority. In matrilineal societies, men tend still to monopolize the rights of power. Some Chinese anthropologists believe the stories of true matriarchal societies in some regions of China in the past, but this is uncertain. A matriarchy would be presumed to be less warlike and more nurturing as a social order and would not subordinate men in the way men have done to women in the patriarchal society.

The formulation and operation of power in the largely patriarchal social order in the world today divides along other line than gender, with political action influenced most by ideology, religion, divisions of power, and other aspects of group…

References

Adler, F. (1983). Nations Not Obsessed with Crime. Littleton, Colorado: Fred B. Rotham and Co.

Berry, J.M. (1997). The interest group society. New York: Longman.

Crapo, R.H. (1993). Cultural anthropology. Sluice Dock Guilford, Conn.: Dushkin.

El-Awa, M.S. (1982). Punishment in Islamic Law. Indianapolis, Indiana: American Trust Publications.

Could this movie possibly fall into the category of a conspiracy; that any fictional parody of male behavior (which this surely is, at least in part) becomes in fact a parody of female behavior as well? Is that what irks feminists about the Stepford Wives?

And no matter what the answer to that question is, the "horror" aspects of this 1975 film were balanced, and even matched, by the ideological aspects. Whether one views the film as a statement on that cadre of men who are control freaks, or that element of the female gender hopelessly submissive to the whims and demands of men, the film has a strong ideological theme.

And moreover since ideology is part of the political world, and the political issues of the day seem to always creep into film, the Stepford Wives, as a feminist-themed film, is ideological. Feminists always have a fierce political agenda,…

References

Skal, David J. The Monster Show: A Cultural History of Horror. New York: W.W.

Norton and Company, 1993.

ultra-nationalist ideologies were far more threatening on a worldwide scale than communism to the liberal belief in individual rights from 1920-1945," because it is unequivocally true. One of the principle means of corroborating this statement is to analyze the atrocities and events that led up to and included orld ar II, which took place during the aforementioned time frame. orld ar II was largely about the propagation offFascism, which is ultra-nationalism at its finest -- or at its worse for the millions of people who were slaughtered in the wake of this ideology prior to and during orld ar II. An examination of first hand sources from the Japanese invasion of China, Italy, and from communist Russia indicate that ultra-nationalism was far more restrictive in individual rights than communism -- for the simple fact that the latter belief circumscribed such rights while the former simply eradicated them.

Japan's invasion of…

Works Cited

Not certain of the names of these books, but I put the page numbers in the citations for you

American politics took another turn with problems that would lead to
the Civil War, as the North and the South each had their own interests.
Tariffs to protect some Northern manufacturing interests greatly angered
the South leading to attempts to nullify acts of the federal government,
ultimately resulting in conflict between the powers of the states and the
federal Union. The result of this conflict led to the Civil War and
American political development became one in which decisions over slave and
free-states were the most prominent. America became increasingly partisan
and the Republican party emerged to compete along with Know Nothings and
Democratic Party. Ultimately the South seceded resulting in a Confederacy
that split from the Union as the debates over slavery reached an all-time
involving all aspects of political life.
The Civil War split America in two and then brought it back together
again. But the new America…

R's of American Racism:

Representation, Rejection, and Realization

Racism is a system of meaning that promotes and legitimated the domination of one racially defined group over another. Racism assigns values to both real and imagined cultural and physical differences, benefitting the dominant party and making negative claims about the subordinate, so that this dominance may be justified ideologically. The seeming illogical or even counterproductive nature of racism may be explained in that it comes in the wake of more concrete oppression. (Shohat & Stam, 1995) Through the last five or six centuries, and possibly earlier if one includes the history of the Crusades and anti-Semitism, light skinned Europeans have had a history of oppressing other nations and ethnicities through conquest, colonization, and enslavement. As the thin justification of religious zealotry wore increasingly thin through the ages, the justification of inferior race was no doubt especially important. So, the theory holds,…

" (2009) Oguejiofor states that there is no understanding "exept if there is misunderstanding, a negativity that beomes the originative instane of hermeneutis…" (2009)

Oguejiofor writes that Senghor's onept of negritude is entered on the misunderstanding or misrepresentation of the Afrian and his heritage, a situation that has sine imposed enormous burden on all aspets of his life." (Oguejiofor, 2009) Oguejiofor states that negritude has been desribed "…as a philosophy of soial ation" and states additionally that in the view of Senghor "negritude was 'a weapon of defense and attak and inspiration." (2009) Speifially Senghor sates that negritude is the "sum total of the values of the ivilization of the Afrian world, it is not raialism, it is ulture." (Oguejiofor, 2009)

Oguejiofor writes that negritude as a philosophy "has the advantage of 'reognizing the situatedness of our lived historiity as the proper objet of refletion for Afrian philosophi thought. (Salhi…

cited in Quest, 2005)

When Senghor was imprisoned for the already mentioned two years period he composed poetry, read the work of Goethe and delved into Western philosophical works and as well reestablished his link with his fellow Africans and songs and tales were shared from Africa and this resulted in the "fostering [of] an alternative understanding of humanism and society." (Quest, 2005)

The Quest Journal editorial states that it seems nice to think that the prison experiences of Senghor as well as Senghor's knowledge spanning the intellectual traditions of the Western world and his admiration for values, traditions and cultures of Africa together resulted in a "subjectivity that was transcultural and transnational in it sympathies, accomplishments and aspirations." (Quest, 2005) Senghor set the stage for "a post-anthropological humanism, one that truly points to the possibilities for a democratic and cosmopolitan world." (Quest, 2005)

5. Poetry as 'Key' Outlet for Combating Cultural Alienation in for Africans

The work of Nyathi (2005) states that the work of Senghor influenced many and in fact that poetry "became a key outlet for Africans to combat cultural alienation." The work of Baaz and Palmberg (2001) entitled: "Same and Other: Negotiating African Identity in Cultural Production" relates the writings of Leopold Sedar Senghor "on negritude and the ideas of negritude which are "above all associated with the writings of Senghor and Aime Cesaire, were developed by African, Afro-American and Caribbean intellectuals in Paris in the 1930s." (Baaz and Palmberg, 2001) Negritude was defined by Senghor as "the sum of the cultural values of the black world." (Baaz and Palmberg, 2001)

Perhaps some of the drama that will play itself out inside of the convention hall, will be spotted by the watchful eye of the media transmitting the party's doings into American living rooms -- and raise ratings as a result.

orks Cited

Crawford, Darlisa. "Memorable Moments in Political Convention History: The Evolution of National Party Conventions." Election Focus 2004. U.S. Department of State. Jul 14, 2008. 1.14. http://usinfo.state.gov/dhr/img/assets/5796/elections07_15_04.pdf

Cresswell, Stephen." The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party." Buttons and Ballots. Issue 26. 2001. May 12, 2008. http://www.cresswellslist.com/ballots2/mfdp.htm

Johnson, Donald B. "Dixiecrats." The American Presidency. May 12, 2008. http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=0129280-00&templatename=/article/article.html

Rowen, Beth. "History of Party Conventions." InfoPlease. May 12, 2008. http://www.infoplease.com/spot/conventions1.html

ald, Jonathan. "264 arrested in NYC bicycle protest." CNN.com. Aug 28, 2004. May 12, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/08/28/rnc.bike.protest/

Darlisa, Crawford, "Memorable Moments in Political Convention History: The Evolution of National Party Conventions," Election Focus 2004, U.S. Department of State, Jul 14, 2008, 1.14, p.1. >…

Works Cited

Crawford, Darlisa. "Memorable Moments in Political Convention History: The Evolution of National Party Conventions." Election Focus 2004. U.S. Department of State. Jul 14, 2008. 1.14. http://usinfo.state.gov/dhr/img/assets/5796/elections07_15_04.pdf

Cresswell, Stephen." The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party." Buttons and Ballots. Issue 26. 2001. May 12, 2008. http://www.cresswellslist.com/ballots2/mfdp.htm

Johnson, Donald B. "Dixiecrats." The American Presidency. May 12, 2008. http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=0129280-00&templatename=/article/article.html

Rowen, Beth. "History of Party Conventions." InfoPlease. May 12, 2008.  http://www.infoplease.com/spot/conventions1.html

17).

The third secondary source we will look at here is Kaiser (2009). Kaiser argues that money has corroded the electoral process in the United States. He gives statistical data on the rising cost of political campaigns as an indication of how money's importance has grown in the last several decades. If the campaigns of all the candidates for President, the House, and the Senate cost less than a billion dollars in 1976, in 2000 it was $2.8 billion (even if adjusted to the inflation), while in 2004 it was $4.2 billion. "This steady increase appears now to be a permanent fixture of our politics," he says (p. 290). Kaiser also gives examples of how money spent by individuals allowed them to win seats in the House or the Senate. For example, John Corzine, a retired investment banker and a Democrat, won a Senate seat from New Jersey in 2000…

References

Austen-Smith, D. (1993) Information and Influence: Lobbying for Agendas and Votes. American Journal of Political Science, 37(3): 799-833.

Bartels, L.M. (2005) Economic Inequality and Political Representation. Unpublished paper. Retrieved on February 15, 2001, from http://www.princeton.edu/~bartels/economic.pdf

Derek, C., ed. (2002) the Best Elections Money Can Buy. U.S. PIRG Education Fund Report. Retrieved on February 15, 2011, from  http://cdn.publicinterestnetwork.org/assets/_8MuDgm1AnavpYKIfwgxSA/bestelections10_02.pdf .

Farman, T.W., & Eggen, D. (2010) Republican Congressional Candidates Race Ahead in Fundraising. Washington Post. Retrieved on February 15, 2011, from  http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/16/AR2010101603236.html

Another writer notes, "Conservatives, Wooldridge explained, have most of the new ideas for public policy, and the momentum. This does not necessarily translate into winning an election, he said, but it does mean that the conservative voice will be heard regardless of who is in office" (Haines). This again indicates that conservatism in America is much more than simple politics. It covers the spectrum from the economy to social policies, and ultimately colors the way we live, work, and play in America today. Liberalism, on the other hand, is far more geared to governmental reform and support, which is directly opposed to the conservative belief in small government and personal responsibility.

In conclusion, conservatism in America takes many forms and ideals and blends them together to create social, political, and religious thought and action. Most conservatives do hold one tenet above all others, and that is personal liberty and responsibility.…

References

Conservatism." The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2007.

Frohnen, Bruce P. "Law's Culture: Conservatism and the American Constitutional Order." Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy 27.2 (2004): 459+.

Haines, Christina. "Conservatism in America." Accuracy in Media. 2004. 6 Feb 2008.  http://www.aim.org/briefing/conservatism-in-america/ 

Havers, Grant. "Leo Strauss, Willmoore Kendall and the Meaning of Conservatism." Humanitas 18.1-2 (2005): 5+.