Saudi Arabia's International Business Law

Saudi Arabia's International Business Law

Saudi Arabia and Socio Economics

Oil wealth, which led to dramatic standard of living increases in the Gulf for much of the second half of the twentieth century, no longer is enough to ensure the prosperity of several states. Living standards in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, and Oman have remained at a standstill in recent years. For example, from 1980 to 1998, the Saudi economy grew at an average of 0.2% a year -- a stagnation that ended only when oil prices soared in 1999 and 2000.

Gulf regimes have failed to diversify their economies beyond the oil sector. Oil dominates the Gulf economies, leaving them vulnerable to sudden price fluctuations. For example, about 40% of Saudi Arabia's GDP, and over 90% of its export earnings come from oil revenues. Many industries depend heavily on subsidized energy, as well as direct and indirect government subsidies, to…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia vs American Business Culture

Saudi Arabia vs. American Business Culture

A number of U.S. And Europe-based MNCs have, in the past, suffered huge losses due to the lack of appreciation for the Asian way of conducting business, and their culture in general. This explains why it is necessary for businesses and individuals to understand and manage diversity in culture. There is a huge cultural variation between the western and the Asian worlds. Diversity management goes beyond just changing standards and valid expectations; it entails recognizing the fact that different groups would approach different situations in different ways, and then developing mechanisms through which potential frictions could be reduced. Whereas effective diversity management is a success factor, the contrary could have detrimental effects on the success of any business unit.

Differences between American and Saudi-Arabian Cultures

eligion and Language: U.S. doctrines strongly advocate for the separation of the church, and the state. The bulk of…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia Geography and Oil

This also includes the well-known Saudi offshore portion of the Persian Gulf which was the focus of much interest and debate during the first Gulf War in early 1990's as a result of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.

Geologically, these oil fields "are mostly the result of what is known as extensional block faulting" in ancient sedimentary rock layers (i.e., sandstone and shale) "in the crystalline Pre-Cambrian basement (or subfloor)" which runs approximately along a north-to-south axis deep beneath the Arabian desert. This gigantic structure "underlies the world's largest oil field Ghawar and other major oil fields, such as Khurais, Mazalij and Abu Jifan (Rickard, 156). To the trained geographer/geologist, the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia in the region of Al-Dahna with its as Summan Plateau, greatly eroded with deep gorges, is very indicative of oil reserves lying far beneath the surface, extending to depths of some 11,000 feet (Rickard, 157).…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia Is a Large

Thus, Saudi Arabia is caught between a short-run dependency on oil that has it opposing tight restrictions on oil consumption, but has a long-run interest in moving away from the oil economy, something that will only be forced by decreasing oil revenues.

There are indications that Saudi Arabia is willing to be flexible in negotiations. It is unlikely that the country would accept limits on its own consumption of fossil fuels, because of its economic dependence on oil, high unemployment and the need to diversify its economy. However, despite OPEC's posturing, it is highly unlikely that Kyoto or any subsequent protocol would have a negative impact on the country's earnings from oil. The main reason is that a decrease in sales to estern regions will be made up for with sales to India, China and other growth regions that for some reason have been excluded from Kyoto.

Saudi Arabia's main…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia v Nelson it

In other words, the Court looked at why Nelson was suing Saudi Arabia, and determined whether those claims were based on Saudi Arabia's actions as a sovereign nation or on its actions as a business.

Sovereign immunity should continue, even if it results in the occasional unjust activity. To subject foreign governments to liability for their actions as governments would be allowing other countries to dictate the internal policies of foreign countries. In this instance, the conditions of Nelson's confinement sound absolutely horrific. Moreover, it seems clear that Nelson would not have been arrested had he not been performing his job-related activities and reporting safety violations that existed in the hospital. The Saudi Arabian government, undoubtedly, if United States laws applied, committed a number of torts and crimes in confining Nelson. However, Nelson was not in the United States. U.S. law did not apply to his scenario. Nelson could have…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia the Official Name

Approximately 4.5 million have main telephone lines; almost 20 million have mobile cellular telephones; and more than 6.25 million have radio sets (ureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor 2004). More than 5 million own television sets, 4.7 million people use the internet, and there are around 22 internet service providers. Saudi Arabia has 213 airports; 8 heliports; 1.392 km railways; 59 marine ships. The average consumption of electricity by the population is 150 billion per kilowatt hour (ureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor).

Wildlife and environment issues center on desertification, depletion of underground water resources, the lack of perennial rivers or permanent bodies of water, and coastal pollution from oil spills (ureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor 2005).

Saudi men wear the traditional dress called a "thobe," which symbolizes equality (ArabNet 2002). Their headdress consists of the taiga, the gutra, and the iqal. A Saudi woman wears…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia Obesity Adolescent Girls

In order to get various information for comparative analysis, several online databases will be explored so that the scientific data and social factors that will be unearthed are factual enough and relevant to the study of obesity among teenagers.

The publication year was used from 2000 to present. This is because the researcher can be access to the best data. Also, this period has showed the fast economic development that has affected on life style and public health. Some of those internet resources will include:

1. Databases and Subject Resources at linders University Library: Medline - Ovid, Scopus, Science Direct?, and Web of knowledge -- ISI. All of these have the best database for retrieving data and studies. Also, the researcher can access the times cited and cited references, this is done with much ease hence the researcher will spend a relatively short time looking for the information he needs…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia's Economy Has Traditionally

cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sa.html

orld Bank. (2009). Key development data and statistics. orld Bank. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://web.worldbank.org/BSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20535285~menuPK:1192694~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html

illiams, J. (2009). Oil price history and analysis. TRG Economics. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.wtrg.com/prices.htm

Kawach, N. (2008). Saudi debt set to drop sharply this year. Emirates Business. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.business24-7.ae/Articles/2008/8/Pages/Saudidebtsettodropsharplythisyear.aspx

Abocar, a. (2009). Saudi debt woes not derailing interest in mideast. Reuters. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.reuters.com/article/MiddleEastInvestment09/idUSTRE59P3NJ20091026

Kawach, N. (2009). Saudi Arabia's spending up by SR1trn in ninth plan. Emirates Business. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.zawya.com/printstory.cfm?storyid=ZAYA20091008043621&l=043600091008

SAMIRAD (2009). Supreme economic council. Saudi Arabia Market Information Resource and Directory. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://www.saudinf.com/main/e111.htm

Hardy, R. (2006). Unemployment, the new Saudi challenge. BBC. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5406328.stm

No author. (2009). Saudi seeks to up infrastructure investments. Maktoob. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from http://business.maktoob.com/20090000375542/Saudi_seeks_to_up_infrastructure_investments/Article.htm

Sawahel, . (2009). Saudi Arabia: 25-year plan for higher education. University…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia and Culture

Saudi Arabia Culture & Doing Business There

The term "culture" refers to the complex accumulation of knowledge, folklore, language, rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes, beliefs, and customs that link and provide a general identity to a group of people. Culture takes a long time to build up it may take generations to develop. So, it becomes very difficult to move to some other country and communicate with that culture in a proper way. The case at hand and a study of the cultural traits and traditions of Saudi Arabia would help the sale investigation team to understand the prospects of selling their products in the kingdom with respect to the prevalent culture in the country (Shoult, 2006).

As already mentioned, the culture of a country or a region is defined by and based on the beliefs, values, and attitudes of the people residing there or those who have been influenced…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia and Auditing Standards

audit committee characteristics affect firm performance in Saudi Arabia?

What are audit committees?

Many studies have been carried out to demonstrate the manner in which audit committees reports affect the overall performance of companies in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere in the world. The interest in conducting audit of accounts in different firms peaked in the early 1960's. Two main approaches of doing accounts investigations have emerged in financial literature. The first one is mainly based on sending out questionnaires to a pre-determined number of financial accounts users, asking them to rank a number of specific accounting items based on how important the item is to the decision making process (Buzby, 1974; Firth, 1978; Chandra, 1974; Turkey, 1985). The second approach was based on the link between a disclosure index of voluntary or mandatory or even total disclosure and specific company characteristics (source Alsaeed). The first step in conducting financial audit…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia Use of Emergency Response

Hajj is the largest gathering in the world, attracting millions of Muslims each year. As the Muslim community worldwide grows to well over one billion, the number of pilgrims to Makkah (which is sometimes spelled Mecca) also grows The sheer numbers of people itself presents challenges for EMS staff. The population of Makkah province is currently seven million people, which increases during hajj (Arab News, 2012). In 2012, there were more than 3.5 million men and women in attendance but those numbers are expected to climb to as many as ten million by the year 2020 (D'Alessandro, Edd & Al Mubarek, 2013). The mass gathering presents a number of concerns for EMS professionals, from acute injuries related to crowd swells to the spread of infectious diseases to cardiac arrests. Effective communication is critical for the success of all EMS efforts at the annual Hajj pilgrimage.

As the number of pilgrims…… [Read More]

Academic Research in Saudi Arabia Academic Research

Academic Research in Saudi Arabia

Academic Research roductivity and Efficiency

User

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION AND ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN SAUDI ARABIA-SOME FACTS

HIGHER EDUCATION IN SAUDI ARABIA

ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN SAUDI ARABIA AND OBSTACLES TO ACHIEVE EFFICIENCY IN RESEARCH RODUCTIVITY

BIBLIOGRAGY

Having abundance in natural resources is not the only assets a country have. Real assets are the people of a country. Investing on people would generate higher returns in the future. The Saudi government is keen to invest on its people, since it is predicted that the country would lose its oil resources within a time spam of few years (Onsman, 2011). Apart from primary and secondary education, the higher education/university education contributes a lot in the development of a country. Universities are places which provide multilateral services to the people. Along with providing education and incentives for research, it also plays its role in providing guidelines to the individuals (Al-Gindan,…… [Read More]

Healthcare in Saudi Arabia Project

Lack of accountability, transparency and integrity, ineffectiveness, inefficiency and unresponsiveness to human development remain problematic (UNDP).

Poverty remains endemic in most Gulf States with health care and opportunities for quality education poor or unavailable, degraded habitats including urban pollution and poor soil conditions from inappropriate farming practices. Social safety nets are also entirely inadequate and all form part of the nexus of poverty that is widely prevalent in Gulf countries. While economic growth is not a sufficient condition for eliminating income poverty, it is certainly necessary in the overall scheme of things. Knowledge remains a cornerstone of development and knowledge absorption involves providing the capacity to use knowledge through education. One significant question remains relative to human development issues in Gulf States because the region has significantly outperformed all developmental regions with the exception of Latin America and the Caribbean. Taken as a group, Gulf countries spend a higher percentage…… [Read More]

Education Budget in Saudi Arabia and Iraq

Education Budget in Saudi Arabia and Iraq:

Saudi's Education Budget

Iraq's Education Budget

Differences in the Education Budgets of Saudi Arabia and Iraq

b) Student Mobility

Education budget varies from country to country depending on the government's focus and the situation of a particular country. During the annual national budget, each country allocates a specific amount to various ministries including the education ministry in order to develop the country. The education budgets of both Saudi Arabia and Iraq are different because of the government's focus and the situation of the country. Considering the fact that Iraq is slowly regaining stability after the recent years of war, the country's education budget is far from that of Saudi Arabia. To further understand the differences in the education budget of the two countries, it's important to have an overview of the countries' education budgets.

Saudi's Education Budget:

At the end of August 2010,…… [Read More]

Strategies to Enhance Critical Thinking in Saudi Arabia Nursing Education

nursing education and specifically that completed in Saudi Arabia. The review will what the level of education is in Saudi Arabia now and historically, what efficacy critical thinking has as a component of nursing education and how that component can be enhanced among Saudi Arabian nurses.

Nursing Education in Saudi Arabia

History of Nursing Education

The roots of medical care on the Arabian peninsula can be traced to a single individual, ufaida Al-Asalmiya, who was engaged by the prophet Mohammed care for soldiers during the holy wars (Aldossary & Barriball, 2008). The women already had significant experience in the medical profession as many of them were traditional healers and were skilled as the nurturing heads of families (Aldossary & Barriball, 2008). There is significant documentation of this period which shows how the practice of nursing was carried out by ufaida and others, but after that period a history of nursing…… [Read More]

Equity Market in Saudi Arabia

In all this growth, the equity market was registering an intensifying activity, an enhanced diversification of the shares traded, as well as an increasing number of equity issuers and borrowers.

The direct result was the emergence of the Saudi Arabian equity market as the largest stock market in the Gulf Cooperation Council region, a formation founded in 1981 between Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain, by which the countries lifted their trade barriers, and worked to support each other and to achieve common goals. eturning however to the Saudi Arabian equity market, by 2007, it had come to be the largest such market in the GCC region. With a total value of 1.11 trillion iyals (SA), or an estimated $295.75 billion, the equity market of Saudi Arabia accounts for 30% of the entire equity market in the Gulf Cooperation Council (Mahmood, 2007).

In spite of…… [Read More]

Cultural Analysis Saudi Arabia and France Saudi

Cultural Analysis

Saudi Arabia and France

Saudi Arabia and France are two entirely different cultures that have many cultural barriers between them; most notably language. Saudi culture has a less rigid concept of time and schedule compared to the est and meetings are often loosely scheduled around set prayer times; it is common for them to be interrupted; sometimes, there may be multiple people in the same office discussing multiple business matters (Li). Saudi businessmen do not discuss hard details of business deals immediately in a meeting; instead, they first chitchat and inquire about the each other's welfare.

Life and business as an important aspect of life are governed by the prescriptive tenets of a religion which forms the backdrop to society. Nothing happens which has not been willed by God (orld Business Culture). To do business with a Saudi businessman, trust must first be established; it may be a…… [Read More]

Reducing Military Spending in Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia is one of the largest military spenders across the globe at a time when worldwide military spending has continued to stabilize. Based on recent statistics, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia spends a quarter of its national budget (25%) on its military. The high military expenditure in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has become a major issue of concern given that it’s twice as much as expenditures on health and social development. The increased spending on military is attributable to Saudi Arabia’s recent engagement in a war in Yemen and joining forces with Turkey against President Bashar Assad of Syria (Moshinsky & Martin, 2016). Additionally, the huge expenditures on the military are geared towards enhancing artillery and capacities of the kingdom’s forces. While enhancing military capacity and artillery is not a bad thing, the huge military expenditures raises huge concerns since they are carried out at the expense of…… [Read More]

Internet Marketing in Saudi Arabia

' Purchasing agents can place orders, gather information, and communicate with different organizations from any place at any time" (Martin & Hafer, p. 41). Following the introduction of the Internet, many purchasing departments and purchasing representatives were better able to engage in direct communications, order taking and fulfillment as well as the provision of technical support with their business counterparts abroad (Martin & Hafer, 2002). These authors add that, "The Internet permits immediate and virtually free (to the user) two-way communications with as many or as few others as needed. In addition to text information (e-mail), it now permits audio (voice-mail) and video (video-mail) communications as well" (Martin & Hafer, 2002, p. 42).

Based on the meteoric growth of Internet for marketing purposes in recent years, though, these authors also expect that the use of electronic purchasing to facilitate B2B commerce will continue to grow in exponential ways in the…… [Read More]

Critique on Imperialism and Orientalism in Saudi Arabia

estern Imperialisim and Orientalsim in Saudi Arabia

Is estern Imperialism more prevailing than Orientalism in Saudi Arabia?

From ancient times in Saudi Arabia and other regions of the globe, civilization has seen the rise and fall of Empires. This spectrum of Empires in relation to Saudi Arabia concentrates on royal families. The government of this country has been under the rule of the monarch family for a long time. Their rule, therefore, has influenced the political layout of the country, social process in the state and countries cultural aspects (Chua 1- 16). Over the years, western imperialism has influenced opinions and strategies. This transformation has been the result of the country's political class entering into various contacts. Contacts with the outside populations have then led to the development of new cultures, economic transformation and local cultures (Chadha and Kavoori 3-17). Although, western imperialism has not taken place largely in the…… [Read More]

TV Advertisements in a Conservative Society Saudi Arabia

Advertising in a Conservative Society

Advertising has been a powerful marketing tool for very long. However, it can only be effective if the message is allowed to be conveyed without many legal restrictions. In societies where marketing has to be subtle because of religious or cultural restrictions, it is difficult to get the message across to the consumers in the least. Moreover advertising may not have the desired impact because of the subtlety that has to be practiced. As a result, organizations may have to turn to other means or count less on advertising as a means to selling their products. This paper discusses the culture and society of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how they influence media especially advertising.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is located in the southwest of Asia. The Kingdom has a high dependence on its oil-generated revenues, which has brought the Kingdom, its riches. Saudi…… [Read More]

Baseline Tectonics of the Arabian Plate

Pan-African Cratonization (about 800 to 680 Ma)
Nehlig et al. (2002) conducted a study to review the Pan-African evolution of the Arabian Shield on the premise that new perspectives on the geologic history and structural evolution on the Arabian Shield had emerged. These new perspectives were brought by the extensive fieldwork as well as synthesis and review of structural, aeromagnetic, geochemical, geologic, and geochronological data. The geologic evolution of the Arabian Shield took place between 900 to 550 Ma. This period was also characterized by the “formation, amalgamation, and final Pan-African cratonization of several tectonostratigraphic terranes” (Nehlig et al., 2002, p.103). These terranes were separated by key NW-trending faults and various oriented suture zones covered by ophiolites i.e. serpentinized ultramafic rocks.
Pan-African cratonization between 800 and 680 Ma incorporated the final cratonization of the terranes. The final cratonization of the terranes, which took place between 680 and 610 Ma, generated…… [Read More]

Social Commerce in Saudi Arabia

Social Commerce in Saudi Arabia: How the Social Media Affect the E-Commerce in Saudi Arabia

SOCIAL COMMECE IN SAUDI AABIA

Conceptual Framework Model

Social Media

Psychological Aspect and Theories

Administration

Digital Divide in Saudi Arabia

Ethos, eligious conviction, and Government in E-commerce Adoption

The ise of the P Industry in Saudi Arabia

Conceptual Model and esearch Hypothesis (Drawing)

esearch Contribution

Social Commerce in Saudi Arabia

Modern Saudi Arabia today actually represents an exceptional and convergent mixture of social conservatism and technological ability, a wonderful alteration from a remote, desert land that it was just something like 50 years ago. As social media is turning out to be increasingly prevalent in Saudi Arabia, online marketers are starting capitalizing in methods that service social media and include online customers. In Saudi Arabia Online marketers' adoption of new online marking trends is being prompted by discoveries that show individuals are spending great amounts…… [Read More]

Adolescent Obesity in Saudi Arabia

There are remedies (albeit not easy ones for the individuals involved), as suggested by the research. However, and this is very important, the current public health approaches that the Saudi government has taken, as Mabrey et al. (2010) note, have focused fairly narrowly on medical approaches. This focus includes research that has been conducted on metabolic syndrome (which is caused primarily by being overweight). This is caused by clear-cut factors and has a number of possible poor consequences.

Mabrey et al. (2010) note that metabolic syndrome is on average 10 to 15% higher in the GCC states than in the rest of world and that females are disproportionately affected by metabolic syndrome. These researchers are among those who note that a strictly medical approach to such medical problems is far from sufficient. For while metabolic syndrome itself can be identified and described in purely medical terms, such an approach does…… [Read More]

Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia

The Majlis al-Shura is appointed every four years while the Majlis al-Ummah members are elected every four years. The Majlis al-Shura serves in a monarch while the Majlis al-Ummah serves in a democracy. The running of Majlis al-Shura requires expertise in various fields.The council members are therefore some of the most educated people in the country. On the contrary, Majlis al-Ummah deals with issues that are mubar and do not necessarily need experts to make conclusions. These decisions by the Majlis al-Ummah are referred to as 'mashura'.The opinion of the majority are taken as the binding opinion since mubah issue have no wrong or rights. The other difference that exits between Majlis al-Shura and Majlis al-Ummah is that Majlis al-Shura has more members (150 members) when compared to Majlis al-Ummah (60 members). Majlis al-Shura also appears to be more of a political council that is mandated to run the country's…… [Read More]

Reducing the Risk of Hereditary Disease in Saudi Arabia

Premarital Examination in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The premarital examination in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been in effect since the Saudi Royal Cabinet issued the Saudi Royal Decree No. 3 dated 11-7-1424 (El-Hazmi, 2006). However, while participants in the program have shown awareness of the need for the program, the fact that the participants are not bound by the results but may go ahead with the marriage in spite of the risk of passing on hereditary diseases associated with endogamous marriage limits the effectiveness of the program. Al Sulaiman, Suliman, Al Mishari, Al Sawadi & Owaidah (2008) have shown that “genetic screening is an important tool to control, minimize, and prevent genetic disorders” (p. 531) and for that reason a better understanding of how to effectively implement this program in order to reduce the number of hereditary diseases that are passed on is important. While approximately 60% of…… [Read More]

Country Analysis - Jordan & Saudi Arabia

Country Analysis - Jordan & Saudi Arabia

Country Analysis: Jordan

Labor -- Jordan suffers from chronic high rates of unemployment, poverty, and a huge budget deficit. Since 1999, significant economic reforms have been implemented, included a trade regime, elimination of fuel subsidies, and the privatization of state-owned companies. This has resulted in job creation and has attracted some foreign investment. Jordan's labor force was estimated at 1.719 million in 2010, distributed across services (77.4%), industry (20%), and agriculture 2.7% (2007 estimate).

LANGUAGES - Arabic (official), English (widely understood by upper/middle classes)

Capital -- GDP (purchasing power parity) was estimated at $33.79 billion in 2010. Jordan's GDP is depressed because of the global economic slowdown. The budget deficit is at 5-6% of GDP. The financial deficit requires foreign assistance in 2011. The global financial crisis had a limited effect because of low exposure to overseas capital markets.

natural resources -- Jordan's…… [Read More]

Premarital Screening Program in Saudi Arabia

Edit Research Premarital Screening

Evaluating Premarital Screening Knowledge in Saudi Students

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of premarital screening (PMS) in Saudi Arabia. The use of PMS as a means to identify and approach both and infectious and hereditary disease was investigated in order to determine the impact of this practical approach.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Jazan University from January to June 2014 to perform this research. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1000 Jazan University Students, both males and females. The questionnaire consisted of 3 main parts. The first part was based on socio-demographic data, the second part dealt with the students' knowledge about the premarital screening program while the third part explored their attitudes towards the screening program.

Results

The vast majority of the participants (922; 94%) believed that a PMS program was a preventive measure. More than two thirds of…… [Read More]

What an Economic Sanction of Saudi Arabia Would Do

Stop ISIS

The best way to stop ISIS is to cut off their funding. Countries like Saudi Arabia and Turkey are known to be doing business with ISIS's oil trade. Therefore, one economic solution to the problem of ISIS and their terror network throughout the world is to sanction countries that do business with the terrorist group. Even if these countries are our allies, the stopping of the bombings and mass killings that this group is responsible for is far more important than the geopolitical reasons that we have to be allies with these nations. Economic sanctions have, in fact, worked in the past. e have used them against Iran and Russia. It brought both to the negotiating table in recent years. e worked with Iran over a nuclear deal and essentially received everything we wanted in terms of assurance that nonproliferation would remain in place. Iran also received what…… [Read More]

Students with Keratoconus Disease in Saudi Arabia

The Effect of Keratoconus Disease on the Education Levels among Students at Different Ages to Determine the Locations of Their Spread in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Introduction
Keratoconus disease is a disorder in the curvature of the eyes. Keratoconus occurs when the cornea becomes thin and bulges like a cone, altering the focus of light rays, blurring and distorting the person’s vision, and making it difficult to do daily tasks such as reading. The disease is believed to be genetic and typical onset begins in the teens or early 20s and gradually worsens over a period of 10 to 20 years.
Purpose of the Study
As keratoconus is thought to be hereditary, the study of its prevalence in among endogamous marriage groups could be beneficial in developing a better understanding of how this disease is spread. Among certain regions and groups in Saudi Arabia as well as throughout the…… [Read More]

Night That Made Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Night hat Made Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

When studying the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia there will be always some disputes about some of the stories and about the formation of the country and all the conspiracies that are related to it. Some of the controversy arises from gossip, some we witnessed, and some will occur in the future, as history has shown. here is a story in particular that is continuously discussed. his story is about the night King Abdulaziz who took over Riyadh city, which is the capital of Saudi Arabia now. here are two stories to that night which illustrate extremity different scenarios.

he first story starts after Bin Jalai's army defeated king Abdulaziz for the first time trying to takeover Riyadh city. He asked for the permission of his father to go on a mission of starting the third Saudi Kingdom. At that time,…… [Read More]

Saudi American Midwest Cultural Differences in

Therefore, Americans seeking to do business with Saudi nationals would be well advised to research their prospective Saudi counterparts thoroughly but to make preparations to travel to Saudi Arabia first before actually initiating contact with Saudi business people. Doing so and calling after arriving in Saudi Arabia instead of initiating contact from abroad demonstrates awareness of and respect for Saudi business customs right off the bat and in a way that should be noticed by Saudis, especially those who might be familiar with the fact that the norm in the U.S. is simply to call first or email to arrange the first meeting.

Saudis seeking to do business with American firms should understand that in the U.S., it might be inappropriate to travel to the location of a business first and then make initial contact expecting that the meeting will necessarily be planned during their stay. That is because in…… [Read More]

Saudi Solar

As noted, the international operations will be controlled locally. The local partner will have significant input. Even when Solar Solutions has controlling interest, it is likely that a Saudi from the joint venture partner will run the subsidiary. The U.S. office is likely only to provide oversight. It is expected, however, that the U.S. will lend control techniques to the Saudi operation. The United States has robust accounting, auditing and control management techniques that can add value to the organization. In particular, managerial accounting techniques such as budgets and variance analysis will be utilized as control mechanisms for the subsidiary in Saudi Arabia.

The company will need to develop a cross-national ethics and social responsibility code. These are values that will transcend borders and be an integral part of the culture of Solar Solutions. Thus, they need to apply to all of the company's operations. There is the risk that…… [Read More]

Saudi Egov E-Government and Accountability

" (Manibo, 1) It seems reasonable to deduce that the improved access to services resulting from more permeating penetration of e-portals will result in greater connectivity between the government and its publics.

ith respect to the claim that this will also result in improved user statisfaction, Al-Fakhri et al. (2008) point out that at present, "Many of the Saudi government agencies have their own web sites; however, most are ineffective." (p. 59) The Yesser (Yussr) program is aimed at improving the standards of effectiveness and usability reflected in such companion websites.

E-governing and accountability

Research Methods:

The preferred method of research is a user-survey. The Likert Scale model of survey will be distributed through the email listserv of participating e-government websites requesting respondents to rate on a scale of 1 to 5 to what extent they agree or disagree with statements provided in the survey. These statements will primarily concern…… [Read More]

Saudi Culture Family and Authority in Saudi

Saudi Culture

Family and Authority in Saudi Arabia: A Prototypical Example of the GCC Countries

Understanding the attitudes towards authority and the importance of familial responsibilities in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is essential to developing a comprehensive and effective understanding of how individuals and businesses in the companies do business. There are certain signs that these attitudes and responsibilities might be shifting, however, which complicates the study of such issues. A brief examination of Saudi Arabia, which can be seen as a typical example of GCC countries and cultures, will demonstrate the current cultural understandings and the complex changes that may be occurring.

Attitudes towards authority in Saudi Arabia have been largely proscribed by religion -- specifically, by the interpretation of Islamic religious law by the Saudi Arabian royalty and government (Moaddel & Karabenik 2008). There are signs that many youths are beginning to turn away…… [Read More]

Saudi Female Expats in Paris

It is through interviews and analysis; we will see how these individuals feel about the new cultures and regulations around them. Living in a new place, these individuals can very easily let go of the limitations they were under before. Therefore, their answers will give a sound idea of what sort of struggle they are experiencing with the new culture and how to retain their self and identity.

Limitations.

This study was only carried out on eight students and that is the major limitation of this research project. As stated before, half of the sample size is directly from Saudi Arabia and the other half has lived in countries such as well. Despite these differences, there are other factors such as economic class, religious sect, education and family structure that make each of these individuals different one from another. Due to these differences, the generalization created from this sample set…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabian Community Problems and Solutions the

Saudi Arabian Community: Problems and Solutions

The Saudi Arabian Community: Current Issues and Proposed Solutions

There are many problems affecting the Saudi Arabian community today. The said problems could be political, cultural, economic, or even environmental. This text concerns itself with a problem of an environmental nature. Two of the animals currently under threat of extinction in Saudi Arabia are the Arabian Oryx and the Saudi gazelle. ecently, pictures posted on the internet depicting slayed gazelles caused an outrage with most commentators branding the act irresponsible and intolerable (Toumi, 2013). If nothing is done to save the Arabian Oryx and the Saudi gazelle, the ecosystem could suffer great (and perhaps irreversible) damage.

I personally believe that we all have a role to play as we seek to save these two endangered species. It is for this reason that I have in the past shown great interest in this particular subject.…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabia Flight 163

Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 163 departed iyadh's King Khalid International Airport after a flight from Karachi, Pakistan ("Wikipedia," 2004). There were 287 passengers and 14 crewmembers aboard the L1011 aircraft that was bound for Jiddah. The aircraft was climbing through 15,000 feet, approximately seven minutes into the flight when both aural and visual indicators alerted the crew that there was smoke in the aft cargo compartment of the plane (Kilroy, 2004). Despite a safe landing, due to the lack of leadership and prudent actions by the Captain, all aboard perished due to poisoning from the noxious smoke.

Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 163

Just before 10:00 P.M., on August 19, 1980, Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 163 departed iyadh's King Khalid International Airport after a flight from Karachi, Pakistan ("Wikipedia," 2004). There were 287 passengers and 14 crewmembers aboard the L1011 aircraft that was bound for Jiddah. The aircraft was climbing through…… [Read More]

Saudi Arabian Pharmaceutical Market Is One of

Saudi Arabian pharmaceutical market is one of the largest in the Middle East. Within the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), Saudi Arabia represents 65%, or $1.7 billion, of the pharmaceutical market (EPSICOM, 2011). This work will analyze the unique opportunities within the Saudi pharmaceutical industry along with challenges, such as heavily regulated price controls and the barriers to access faced by international pharmaceutical companies. Through a better understanding of these factors, a more complete picture of the market can be obtained.

Saudi Arabia is a unique pharmaceutical market. It is the largest consumer in the GCC, with more than 82% of the medicines utilized being imported (aines, 2009). Also, the GCC is unique from nearly every other global region in that patients favor brand products over generics. This is despite that generics are the vast majority of the drugs produced in the Kingdom and the GCC. One study estimates the market…… [Read More]

Saudi Workers in the Private

1) Education

2) Construction

3) Information Technology

4.3 Data collection method

I will distribute the following surveys to the employees and employers in my sample population. I will give them two weeks to complete the surveys, after which I will collect them and analyze them.

4.4 Sample size and sampling method

The sample size will be between 40-50 people. The sampling method include surveys as well as direct conversations. The employee surveys will gauge satisfaction with salary, job security, work environment, feedback, training, and other factors relating to job satisfaction. The employer surveys will ask employers to rate Saudi employees in areas such as work ethic, ability, attitude, and skills, especially as compared to workers of other nationalities.

4.5 Method of Data Analysis

The surveys should yield a set of simple, definite answers which be compared on the same criteria. The open-ended interviews should yield a deeper, more diverse set…… [Read More]

Saudi Women Entrepreneurship Saudi Women of the

Saudi women entrepreneurship

Saudi women of the 21st century have progressed in marked ways compared to women of a decade ago. Nonetheless, female entrepreneurs are saddled with quite a few difficulties that prevent them from progressing and impede their social and personal life as well as making their vocational progress extremely challenging. The research will investigate Saudi women entrepreneurs social role in developing Saudi economy and challenges facing them.

Women are faced with tremendous difficulties. Barriers include lack of market studies, lack of governmental support, lack of coordination among government departments, lack of support from the community, society restrictions and oligopolistic attitude of the investors (Asad Sadi, & Al-Ghazali, 2010). To overcome all of this and proceed with one's dreams, one must be remarkably stubborn and the women must be extremely resilient to overcome these difficulties. That they are motived by self-actualization is one matter. But entrepreneurs in this position…… [Read More]

Reformation of the IMF Saudi

These measures have helped the banking system to remain profitable and well-capitalized" ("2009 Article IV," IMF, 2009). This indicates that Saudi Arabia views low levels of speculation to be salutary for its own financial status, which is dependant upon economic growth and a high, steady worldwide demand for oil.

The main area of contention between Saudi Arabia and the IMF has been its undervaluation of its currency, the riyal, which it only recently agreed to peg to the U.S. dollar. This is also keeping with the IMF's policy on a free flow of capital: "The IMF has also generally opposed capital controls, which can help governments stem the loss of reserves, currency crashes, and other problems associated with large capital outflows" (eisbrot 2009, p.1).

Another criticism of the IMF is how its proportion of voting shares are allocated: the U.S. currently has 16.5%, while high oil producing nations, including Saudi…… [Read More]

UK Saudi Direct Investment for British

Though this research will not provide all necessary data for such a project to be undertaken, it will explore the issue form a side and perspective not often utilized, shedding light on an essential yet often-overlooked aspect of the foreign trade relationship.

esearch Methods

Qualitative research is perhaps not the first thing thought of when conducting a trade analysis, but its importance to a proper understanding of the trade relationship cannot be overstated. Such research and analysis requires that the situation be examined in its human terms in addition to the numeric values and inferences drawn from quantitative research and analysis. In determining the perceived motivations and barriers to direct investment, this research will essentially be attempting to analyze and predict responses to changing business situations, and such research almost necessarily takes on a qualitative form (Bavdaz 2009). The predictive value of the proposed qualitative research is, in this instance,…… [Read More]

Evolution of the Saudi Arabian

This situation, combined with the fact that countries from the former Soviet Union produced less oil, made the Western countries to consider Saudi Arabia their main oil supplier.

Saudi Arabia responded to the increased interest showed by the West by expanding its capacity plan for the oil industry. As a consequence, the largest Saudi Arabian companies in the industry increased their domestic crude oil capacity. These companies also invested in quality, not just in quantity. Although the country's economic relationships with the West significantly intensified, Saudi Arabia improved its regional trade sector by addressing markets like Iran, Central Asia, South Asia, and Kuwait.

However, the country was significantly affected by the Persian Gulf War. As a result of the war, the country's government finances were reduced. Not even the substantial revenues from oil could sustain the cost of the war. The country was forced to borrow money from international organizations…… [Read More]

History Sama Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency

SAMA

Historical evolution of functional responsibilities of SAMA

History of SAMA (Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency)

The Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) was established on October 4th, 1952 and is headquartered at iyadh, Saudi Arabia. SAMA operates as the central bank of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Before setting up the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency, KSA utilized the service of Saudi Hollandi Bank as the central agency to keep the governments gold reserves. The idea of setting up SAMA as the central government operated agency was materialized by Abdallah Sulaiman, the then finance minister of KSA. The currency that SAMA regulates and prints is the Saudi iyal, the official currency of KSA. The establishment of SAMA was decreed by King Abdul Aziz on 25/7/1371H, 20th of March, 1952 (SAMA, 2013).

Historical perspective

SAMA is currently the official agency charged with management of financial system. With the evolution and development of…… [Read More]

Working for Goody in Saudi

I am very impressed with a company that goes the extra few miles to educate people about healthy foods, and to provide Saudi girls with the training -- for free -- to learn to cook and to be creative in the kitchen.

In fact, how could a person not be very impressed when a company like Goody trains one thousand young girls in the art of creative, healthy cooking and baking? The program that was launched in 2009, not only helped young girls to prepare a number of very innovative and healthy dishes, desserts and juices, but it had ripple effects because when young people learn skills that lead to community wellness, everyone in the community benefits.

What are my qualifications to be hired by Goody in their marketing division in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia?

I am a native Saudi and I have watched Goody become a household name for quality…… [Read More]

Change of Saudi Women's Role in Respect of Raising Family Within Male Dominate Culture

Saudi Women's Role in Respect of Raising Family Within the Male-Dominated Culture

The present study reports an interview with a Saudi woman on the changing role of women in the Saudi society in regards to raising a family within the male-dominated culture that characterizes the Saudi society. Attached to this study are an informed consent form as well as the interview transcript marked Appendix A and Appendix B, respectively. This study will review the narrative contained in the interview to this study and will conduct an analysis and interpretation of the interview findings answering the question of what areas of inquiry can this personal story lead to and as to the types of theories that explain the situation faced by Mrs. K.

The Narrative

The first question in the interview with Mrs. 'K' asks about the daily routine of the interviewee as a Saudi woman 'right now'. Mrs. K stated…… [Read More]

Challenges Facing Saudi Higher Education

Vision to Address the Challenges facing Higher Education in Saudi Arabia in the light of Leadership and Excellence Approach

esearch Significance

It is generally agreed that higher education is the main tool to solve leadership and human resources problems. Unfortunately, mass production of graduates from Saudi higher education fails to meet the required specializations and quality of private sectors. Many Saudi graduates lack the practical knowledge that can assist them meeting rigorous demand of the labor market. Moreover, Saudi higher education is characterized by the rigid theoretical standards, and constraint of curriculum making the implementation of an enriched experimental learning technique to be extremely difficult.

In the last 10 years, higher education in Saudi Arabia has witnessed a quantitative and qualitative transformation. The investment in the Saudi educational development has been attributed to the country's strategic importance for the human resources and leadership development. Investment in education has also been…… [Read More]

Brit Saudi Direct Investment Motivations

The nation also has an estimated budget surplus of over one-hundred billion dollars, making a continued expansion of infrastructure spending as well as stimulus money -- if needed -- and the provision of incentives to future domestic and foreign business development in the country highly likely (Siddiqi 2008). Oil money, though not the sole source of Saudi Arabia's significant wealth and stability, has played a major part in the country's ability to ride out this economic storm largely unscathed, with hardly a misstep in their march of progress (Siddiqi 2008).

A repetition of a similar analysis at the end of 2009 shows that the country has in fact taken a hit form the global economic downturn, which could hardly be avoided, but the picture is far from dire for Saudi Arabia (Siddiqi 2009). Infrastructure investment is still taking place, and a more in-depth analysis of Saudi Arabia's long-term spending and…… [Read More]

Knowledge Levels of Saudi High

(1996). In this study, weight, height, and dietary patterns were obtained from 540 adolescent girls aged 12 to 18 years. These researchers used the body mass index of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESI) as their reference for adolescence (Madani et al., 1996). The respective prevalence rates among this sample was found to be 14.7% underweight (85th percentiles). Based on these findings, Madani and his associates posited that the dietary practices of Saudi adolescents were comparable to their peers in other developed countries in the West and may reflect a tendency on the part of Saudi youth to adopt more Western-like lifestyles.

Al-Abbad (1995) assessed the prevalence of obesity and a number of the condition's associated risk factors following the same criteria used in the Madani et al. (1996) study. In Al-Abbad's analysis, 700 randomly selected students from six female intermediate and high schools in Al-Khobar city ranging…… [Read More]

Social Responsibility Attitudes Actualities and Possible Areas of Advancement in Saudi Arabian Banking

CS in Saudi Arabian Banking

Social esponsibility: Attitudes, Actualities, and Possible Areas of Advancement in Saudi Arabian Banking

The global financial system has become increasingly smaller and more complex, with individual countries and their financial and banking infrastructures more intertwined and mutually dependent on each other. Because of this, understanding the role that banking systems and entities play in the social and political spheres is essential for policy makers and for individuals working in the banking sector. Of special importance are the social responsibilities that are borne by banks and the banking industry, which can vary greatly from country to country, based on a multitude of factors. The research described and proposed herein will yield a greater understanding of how these responsibilities are viewed by bankers in Saudi Arabia.

Scholarship on Saudi Arabia's banking industry has focused almost entirely on the financial implications for the country and the globe of…… [Read More]

The Yemen conflict between Saudi and the Houthis

Middle East/ Africa Security Issue

Introduction

The ends, ways and means strategy is a method of understanding what the objective is for a particular issue (ends), how that objective will be achieved (ways) and what resources will be required to make this happen (means). This methodology is commonly applied in military or international relations, where the issues can be complex, as this method simplifies strategy by focusing on the desired ends (Eikmeier, 2007).

Background on the Issue

There are several issues in the Middle East worthy of attention, one of which is the ongoing conflict in Yemen. While Yemen has commonly been engaged in conflict, this issue has become more pressing in recent months. Houthi rebels were engaged in conflict in the region near the Saudi border, drawing Saudi Arabia into the conflict. This became a front in the Saudi-Iran proxy war, as the Houthi rebels are predominantly Shia. Western…… [Read More]

Leadership and Rotational Development Program for Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency SAMA

Leadership and otational Development Program for Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA)

Leadership development and rotational programs are crucial for building the potential, skills, and capabilities of new and existing employees. They provide employees with ongoing mentorship, in-depth experiences, as well as training across various functions within the organisation (Columbia University Centre for Career Education, 2016). Organisations rely on these programs to recruit and develop individuals for leadership responsibilities. This paper provides important guidelines for the design of a leadership development and rotational program for the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA). The program is aimed at fresh graduates with less than two years working experience.

Designing the Program

Program Objectives

The first step in designing the leadership development and rotational program is to define the objective of the program (Donnelly, 2016). It is indeed a critical step. The objective should resonate with the overall objective of the organisation. It should clearly…… [Read More]

Gender Equality in Arabia

Gender Equality in the Gulf
Problem Description
Historically, there has been a marked dearth of gender equality and women’s empowerment in the countries compromising the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. There are a number of reasons responsible for this situation. Firstly, these countries are all predominantly Muslim. Traditional gender roles (and stereotypes) largely exist in Islam and in countries which adhere to this faith as their national religion. Women are supposed to remain covered up in their raiment and relegated to domestic roles. The problem is that women account for approximately 50 percent of the population in the GCC countries, yet only constitute approximately 25 percent of the labor force in those countries (World Bank). Therefore, these countries are disadvantageously affected in certain aspects of economics and society because of the lack of female contributions in both of…… [Read More]

EMR Implementation in Saudi Arabian Hospital

King Khalid University Hospital implemented a new system called The Electronic System for integrated Health Information or E-SIHI. The results from the data for clinical documentation before the implementation of E-SIHI revealed the most documentation when it came to 'physical examinations' in relation to ICU and OB/BYN. However, in Medicine and Surgery, there were low percentages for clinical documentation with Medicine at 35% and Surgery at 43%. The data revealed across the board both Medicine and Surgery had low clinical documentation with the lowest standing at 18% for Surgery in the 'assessment' area.

A 2013 update review demonstrated hospitals had little clinical documentation for complications associated with esophagectomy. Meaning assessment of complications, reactions to medicine, length of stay, and postoperative quality of life were not performed. This had to with a lack of a standard system for monitoring and documentation. The review recommended newer assessment tools to allow better monitoring…… [Read More]

Effects of Kasp

Saudi

For most of its existence, Saudi Arabia's economy has been driven by revenues from its massive oil fields. While this has allowed the country to have a healthy balance sheet, it has also discouraged investment in other areas. Other countries in the region have begun to realize that having an oil-dependent economy is not sustainable in the long run. Nations with burgeoning populations and limited resources tend to be unsustainable. That lack of sustainability can be seen today in milder forms, such as high unemployment among youth, social problems like abuse and deviant behaviour and stunted economic growth.

The facts concerning the Saudi economy reflect the structural issues in the Saudi economy. The country has a population of roughly 27 million, a third of whom are non-citizen immigrants. Nearly 50% of these are under the age of 25 and the median age is 26.4 years. This means that the…… [Read More]

Percent of the World's Proven

Consequently, his observations concerning the business climate in Saudi Arabia with respect to the significance of religion in the Kingdom can be considered authentic. According to Indris, with respect to the perception of performance and contractual obligations among Saudis, "It should be noted that the issue is not with the belief itself but rather with people's misguided interpretations of the belief and Islam teachings. While Islam teaches that ultimate control is in the hands of God, it also teaches that people should exert their utmost efforts to better their lives" (p. 38). These issues have special salience for foreign direct investors who may experience disputes based on such misinterpretations that cannot be predicted but must be expected. In this regard, Idris concludes that, "Misguided interpretations have a strong impact on the business environment and the commitment to setting and meeting goals and targets in the kingdom. Accountability in running businesses…… [Read More]

Obesity in Adolescent Females in

During the study a number of factors were considered for the evaluation of the fact that females unlike males in Saudi Arabia constitute a larger proportion.

Themes

Lifestyle and dietary

Adolescent boys and girls were studied for at least two weeks on their feeding habits, for this period, females were observed to consume more snacks than male in that males could only consume snacks once a fortnight unlike their female counterparts who for the 14 days averagely took snacks at least 12 days. For the consumption of rice, bread, nuts and fish the percentage of females consuming this surpassed that of men i.e. 54.8 to 50.5%, this shows that females consumes more food products that are energy giving than males in Saudi Arabia leading to deposition of more calories in the body triggering obesity as it is supposed that the body can not convert the whole chunk of calories. More…… [Read More]

Regional Planning Positive and Negative

In this case, the researcher will engage open-ended questionnaires for participants who will be far away from the researchers. For the samples within the vicinity of the researcher, unstructured interviews will be effective (Leverett, 2010).

esearch timeline

This study will follow the below timeline:

Weeks

Activities

Week 1:

Preparation of research proposal

eading numerous literature

Week 2-3:

Deciding the final objectives

Drafting the literature review

Secondary data collection data analysis

Week 4:

Development of research approach

Developing research methodology

Developing questionnaire

Week 5:

Organize the survey

Conduct the survey

Data accumulation

Week 6:

Drafting findings

Analyzing data

Week 7:

Compile and verify the research paper

Week 8:

Submit the research paper

evision of the draft after feedback

Printing and binding the research paper

Week 9:

Submit the final research paper

Ethical considerations

To ensure the validity of the research, it is crucial to take consideration of ethics for the matter.…… [Read More]

Culture Psychology

Cultural Psychology

Review of Saudi Arabia

Muslim culture is one of the religions with the oldest and most extensive histories. It has its impacts on the world's greatest civilizations such as Sultanate of Usmania, Saudi Arabia, and Middle East and in different eras, Muslim rulers have extended their kingdoms to various parts of the world. Muslim culture even has its imprints on various fields of Science and Sociology. Despite all the richness of this culture, it is the one facing major criticism globally. One after another, events are taking place in a sequence which has highlighted the importance of Muslim countries in global Politics and economy.

These days, political decisions taken by the governments of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and other Muslim countries have become part of daily news headlines. On the other hand, the incident of 9/11 has changed the global scenario of this world. Policies of many western…… [Read More]