Sexual Harassment Essays (Examples)

Sexual harassment is not something that has a sole effect on the accuser and the victim. This type of behavior has an influence on everything around them. Sexual harassment policies are put in practice to make sure there is a safe environment and lessen employer liability. There are approaches that can be performed in order to display the commitment that is from people in high places. With that said, this essay will discuss sexual harassment and also the characteristics that go along with it

What is Sexual Harassment?

Sexual harassment can be describes as any unwanted or unwelcome kindness either by talking or touching to a person that is reasonable is way that is inappropriate. This word sometimes encompasses to comprise of gender harassment, harassment based on sexual orientation, and also sexual abuse (Kantrowitz, 2005). If the victim does not show any type of expression, then it cannot be called…

References:

Harassment prevention policies and guidelines. . (2013, April 4). Retrieved from  http://www.spu.edu/depts/hr/supervisor/sexhar/harassmentnew.htm 

Sexual harassment In the Wohkplace. (2013, April 4). Retrieved from West's Encyclopedia of American Law:  http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/sexual  harassment

Gladstone, L.W. (2005). Sexual harassment policy, rules applicable to congressional. Congressional Research Service, 23-40.

Kantrowitz, B. (2005). Striking a nerve. Newsweek, 34-38.

Sexual Harassment

Should a person (employer or employees) be held liable for unintentional sexual harassment? If yes, under what circumstances? If no, under what circumstances? Give examples of particular cases that address both circumstances.

Sexual harassment is defined as "any verbal or physical behavior with sexual connotations that brings discomfort or degrades the work environment, where the aggressor takes advantage of his or her position or repeated involvement to impose such behavior on another individual against his/her will, causing disadvantage to the individual."

Sexual harassment includes any unwelcome, unsolicited and non-reciprocated behavior that constitutes deliberate or unintentional verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature (Gibson, 1995). Sexual harassment may be an isolated incident or a series of many incidents. The distress that results from sexual harassment may be the same whether the conduct was intentional or unintentional. Therefore, both employers and employees should be held liable for both intentional…

Bibliography

Bushweller, Kevin. (1994). The Gender Debate. American School Board Journal 181.5: 22.

Gibson, Paul. (1995) Sexual Harassment Management for Managers and Supervisors. Chicago: Jennins and Co.

Jayne, Brian C. (1994). Interviewing Strategies That Defeat Deceit. Security Management, Feb. 1994: 37-42.

National Women's Law Center. (1995). Sexual Harassment in Employment and Education. Seattle, Washington: Northwest Women's Law Center.

Sexual harassment in the workplace is a widespread problem and a serious issue not only because of moral and ethical violations but also because of legal repercussions involved. While the issue is serious and attention is being paid to curtail it, there still remain some ambiguities due to which it is not easy to determine what actually constitutes sexual harassment. For one, we must understand that sexual harassment is not the same thing as friendly pat on the shoulder or a casual peck on the cheek; it has been to something uncalled for and violating our personal boundaries for it to qualify as harassment. Over the years, so much has been said about sexual harassment that male colleagues in the workplace may feel threatened and may even be wrongfully accused of harassing female colleagues when they were only trying to be friendly.

In the case of Peggy, we need to…

References

1. Landis-Schiff, Tom, Sexual Harassment-Why Men Don't Understand It. Vol. 57, Contemporary Women's Issues Database, 01-02-1996, pp 15-25.

2. McGarvey, Robert, Hands off! How do the latest Supreme Court decisions on sexual harassment affect you? (Cutting Edge: Staff Smarts). Vol. 26, Entrepreneur Magazine, 09-01-1998, pp 85(3).

Sexual Harassment: How I Learned to Drive

"Driving is easy. Just remember. Break pedal. Gas pedal. And go."

Sara turned the key in the ignition and suddenly the car sprung to life. She couldn't believe it. Was she really driving? All of her life, while living in Saudi Arabia, driving meant sitting in the back seat, being taken somewhere by someone else. Learning to drive was a male rite of passage, like growing a beard. But driving in America was taken for granted. Even little old ladies who drove with their knobby knuckles clutching the wheel drove to the store. You could not get anywhere in America without driving. So Sara would have to learn to drive, while she was a student in this new country.

Sara was not her real name. However, because Ben could not pronounce her full Arabic name, he called her Sara. Sara did not object.…

Sexual harassment can be legally defined as "verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature, aimed at a particular person or group of people, especially in the workplace or in academic or other institutional settings, that is actionable, as in tort or under equal-opportunity statutes" ("sexual harassment," 2012). If a person in authority such as a boss, mentor, or official is found pressurizing a person holding an inferior position with the intention of obtaining sexual favors, it is typified as sexual harassment. In most cases, sexually unambiguous or evocative behavior by male colleagues may be intended to make a work situation difficult for a recently appointed female. The main motive of the harassers may be sheer resentment to female admission into a male preserve ("sexual harassment," 2012).

Difference between Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination

Harassment is behavior that is unessential for the performance of an administrative or managerial job, but…

References

Broderick, T.B. (2011). The Difference between Sexual Harassment and Gender Discrimination. Retrieved August 13, 2012 from http://www.sexualharassmentguide.com/the-difference-between-sexual-harassment-and-gender-discrimination/

Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth. (2012, August). Retrieved August 14, 2012 from  http://www.oyez.org/cases/1990-1999/1997/1997_97_569 

Gross, B. (2008). Sexual Harassment: Dressing for a Hostile Environment. Annals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 11 (3), Retrieved August 13, 2012 from http://www.questia.com/read/1G1-187049621/sexual-harassment-dressing-for-a-hostile-environment

Hartmus, D.M., & Niblock, S.B. (2000). Elements of a Good Sexual Harassment Policy. The Public Manager, 29 (1), Retrieved August 13, 2012 from  http://www.questia.com/read/1G1-66376159/elements-of-a-good-sexual-harassment-policy

Sexual Harassment

It is important to note that apart from serving as a centre for economic gains, the workplace also serves as a second home as well as a critical social network. Just like any other social network, the workplace also tends to have a distinctive culture which in some cases could be a field of gender-biased traditional beliefs. It is these gender-biased traditional beliefs that at times expose individuals (typically non-heterosexuals and women) to both marginalization as well as abuse where such individuals are more often than not viewed as sexual objects in addition to being regarded as inferior. In this text, I concern myself with workplace sexual harassment.

According to Konrad, sexual harassment is essentially sexual attention that is largely unwarranted. In this case, the sexual harasser should be aware that such attention is unwanted (54). Apart from sexual harassment being an offense under the law, most states…

Works Cited

Barth, Stephen C., and David K. Hayes. Hospitality law: Managing Legal Issues in the Hospitality Industry. John Willey and Sons, 2006.

Boland, Mary, L. Sexual Harassment: Your Guide to Legal Action- What you Should Know and What You can Do. SphinxLegal, 2002.

Gold, Susan D. The Civil Rights Act of 1964. Marshal Cavendish, 2010.

Grofman, Bernard. Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. University of Virginia Press, 2000.

At all times, a compliant organization will provide the following to all/each staff/employee:

A non-hostile work environment

An anonymous and secure system for staff to report sexual harassment/ethical concerns

Quick and responsive, unbiased, comprehensive & objective investigation into all claims

A safe and courteous atmosphere for our patient population and for our staff

An environment void of preferential treatment or discrimination based on gender

An environment void of preferential treatment

Interim & annual training sessions conducted by the ethics committee for each employee to assess knowledge and judgement in possible sexual harassment situations.

A human resources staff with specialists in sexual harassment emotional support

Security personnel with investigative training in sexual harassment procedure

An in-house syndicate dedicated to preventing further cases of sexual harassment

As an organization, each staff member, and each employee must read, comprehend, and acknowledge the following ethical behavioural model for expected behaviour while at the workplace.…

References

Burda, D. (1996). ACHE survey response spurs expedited sexual harassment policy. Modern Healthcare, 26(42), 2. Retrieved from  http://search.proquest.com/docview/211917247?accountid=13044 

American Society for Industrial Security International. (2005). Retrieved October 5, 2005, from  http://www.asisonline.org 

Berger, David L. (1999). Industrial security (2nd ed.). Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Colling, Russell L. (2001). Hospital and healthcare security (4th ed.). Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Employees have more difficulty identifying this type of harassment and therefore it is more problematic to address (Icenogle, Eagle, Ahmad, & Hanks, 2002). It occurs where an employee endures catcalls and other comments about their manner of dress. If the comments are unwelcomed and incessant, the action of these employees becomes sexual harassment. Another example of this type of behavior also relates to the act of continuously asking a colleague out on dates or giving personal gifts. The key elements here, the behavior or action must be continuous, unwanted, and powerful enough to transform the work environment into a hostile place.

Once those elements are present, there is a case of hostile work environment sexual harassment. However, if the individual does not feel harassed by the behavior then it is not considered as harassment. Since a component of harassment involves the individual finding, the act unwelcomed. The company's policies provide…

References

What constitutes sexual harassment? (2008). Retrieved from http://www.tmroe.com/articles.faqLaborLaw.html

Howard-Martin, J. (2002). What constitutes sexual harassment? Retrieved from  http://www.usatoday.com/money/jobcenter/workplace/employmentlaw/2002-12-18 -defining-harassment_x.htm

Icenogle, M.L., Eagle, B.W., Ahmad, S. & Hanks, L.A. (2002). Assessing perceptions of sexual harassment behaviors in a manufacturing environment. Journal of Business and Psychology, 16(4) 601-616.

O'Leary-Kelly, A.M., Paetzold, R.L. & Griffin, R.W. (2000). Sexual harassment as aggressive behavior: An actor-based perspective. The Academy of Management Review, 25(2), 372-

These types of insurance against claims of sexual impropriety and harassment are becoming more and more common in light of the established legal precedents defining sexual harassment.

Another way that employers have reacted to sexual harassment is to educate and train employees about what constitutes it. Many employers have created classes, seminars, or even just opened discussion about how sexual harassment is defined by the Supreme Court, as well as taken steps to ensure that employees realize that the court of public opinion is one in which the company may be effected just as harshly. These types of education and training have been demonstrated to improve employee relations and to increase awareness of what behaviors may constitute sexual harassment in the workplace (Antecol and Cobb-Clark, 2003).

This report has summarized the legal definitions of sexual harassment and the current legal treatment of this behavior. From its original prohibition in the…

Works Cited

Antecol, Heather and Cobb-Clark, Deborah, 2003. "Does Sexual Harassment Training Change Attitudes? A View from the Federal Level,"Social Science Quarterly, 84:4.

Burlington Industries, Inc. V. Ellerth (118 S. Ct. 876, 1998)

Corn v. Bausch and Lomb, Inc. (390 F. Supp 161, 1977)

Fisher, Anne, 1998. "AFTER ALL THIS TIME, WHY DON'T PEOPLE KNOW WHAT SEXUAL HARASSMENT MEANS? KNOW WHAT SEXUAL HARASSMENT MEANS?," Fortune, 01/12/98, Vol. 137 Issue

Sexual Harassment in the Military

Sexual harassment is a significant issue in the military. Sexual harassment is also a complicated issue in the military. In most workplaces, the major concern in regards to sexual harassment relates to women being harassed by males or by a male-oriented environment. In the military, sexual harassment also extends to include the sexual harassment of homosexual males and the sexual harassment of homosexual females. A look at the military reveals that all of these types of sexual harassment occur, that the sexual harassment occurring is significant and serious, and that the sexual harassment has its basis in the culture of the military, which has ingrained ideas about men, women, and sexuality. Each of these types of sexual harassment will now be considered in turn, with this illustrating the nature, the extent, and the reasons behind sexual harassment in the military.

There is a strong level…

Works Cited

Berube, A. Coming Out Under Fire. New York: The Free Press, 1990.

Moss, J. "Lesbian Baiting in the Barracks." The Advocate 4 Feb. 1997: 36-40.

Shilts, R. Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the U.S. Military. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993.

Newman, R.J. "Did We Say Zero Tolerance? A Legal Dilemma over Sexual Harassment."

Sexual Harassment in Hospitals

Existence of sexual harassment in the hospital setup in its varied forms has been clearly confirmed by exhaustive studies. It is unfortunate that such insidious practices have invaded the serene hospital environment. Sexual harassment, in whatever form it exists, must be rooted out and this demands immediate attention and positive intervention from the human resource professionals.

Sexual harassment has of late become a matter of serious concern for human resource professionals in any corporate environment. The hospice environment in particular has a high incidence of sexual harassment and unprofessional exploitation. Recent researches conducted worldwide have revealed that the healthcare sector is one area where there is an increasing prevalence of sexual harassment and doctors, nurses and the patients have all been vulnerable and victimized. In most cases hospital management lend a deaf ear to this growing menace, which only worsens the scenario. A discussion on the…

Bibliography

1) Anita Hoffman, Louis Hamlin, 'Perioperative Nurses and Sexual Harassment', Retrieved on February 16th 2004, from  http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0FSL/5_76/94538204/p1/article.jhtml?term= 

2) Michele T. Pathe, "Patients who stalk doctors: their motives and management," Retrieved on February 16th 2004, from,  http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/176_07_010402/pat10750_fm.html 

3) Phoebe Dey, "Nurses Face High Rate of Workplace Violence,"

Retrieved on February 17th 2004, from, http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/expressnews/articles/news.cfm?p_ID=4063& s=a

Sexual Harassment: An Examination

Given the media and given the average citizen's level of misinformation, it's not at all uncommon for myths and unrealities to continue to thrive regarding sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination and a negative interaction which is in violation of the Civil ights Act of 1964. Sexual harassment is illegal in the workplace and refers to "Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitute sexual harassment when this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual's work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment" (eeoc.gov, 2014). One of the myths that prevails most strongly about sexual harassment is that it only occurs to specific people in specific circumstances. The reality is that sexual harassment is actually far more encompassing. The victims of sexual harassment can…

References

Berkowitz, M. (2014). Three Steps to Help Prevent Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. Retrieved from monster.com:  http://hiring.monster.com/hr/hr-best-practices/workforce-management/employee-performance-management/prevent-workplace-harassment.aspx 

EEoc.gov. (2014). Facts About Sexual Harassment. Retrieved from eeoc.gov:  http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/publications/fs-sex.cfm 

Weizer, P. (2000). The Supreme Court and Sexual Harassment. Boston: Lexington Books.

" (Columbia University, nd) a written decision will be submitted by the Appeal Officer within thirty (30) working days following the receipt of the appeal. Disciplinary actions will be stated within thirty working days following the receipt of the report of the investigator. The organization may, at its discretion conduct an independent review of the alleged sexual harassment.

Training Programs for Eliminating Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

Carl Rogers identified 'accurate empathy...nearly 50 years ago...as one of the three necessary and sufficient facilitative core conditions for therapeutic change..." (Farrow and Woodruff, 2007) Giving the appearance of being 'empathic' is quite different from actual 'empathic accuracy of clinicians and counselors is related to successful therapy outcomes." Ickes (2003) suggested "the most general implications involve ways to improve the selection and training of psychotherapists." (Farrow and Woodruff, 2007) Study findings have demonstrated that feedback assists individuals in development more "accurate empathic inferences."…

Bibliography

Bierhoff, Hans Werner (2002) Prosocial Behavior. Psychology Press 2002.

Chen, S., Lee-Chai, a.Y., & Bargh, J.A. (2001). Relationship orientation as moderator of the effects of social power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 183-187.

Copeland, J.T. (1994). Prophecies of power: Motivational implications of social power for behavioral confirmation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 264-277.

Davis, M.H. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44, 113-126

An appropriate school administrator to report the harassment to could "be a teacher, principal, faculty member, administrator, campus security officer, affirmative action officer, staff in the office of student affairs or the school's Title IX coordinator" ("ED/OCR:" Sexual Harassment: It's Not Academic, 2005, U.S. Department of Education). Depending on the nature and the severity of the offense, the school can act against the harassing student after conducting an investigation, or merely make note of the complaint and follow up if there are further allegations and complications.

If nothing happens after complaining to school officials," despite his or her belief that he or she is being harassed a student and his or her parents "can file a complaint against the school with the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights (OCR)...within 180 days of an act of discrimination" ("ERA: Sexual Harassment in Schools," 2007, Equal Rights Advocates). A student can…

Works Cited

ED/OCR:" Sexual Harassment: It's Not Just Academic. (2005). U.S. Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights. Retrieved 18 Jun 2007 at  http://www.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/ocrshpam.html 

ERA: Sexual Harassment in Schools." (2007). Equal Rights Advocates. Retrieved 18 Jun 2007 at  http://www.equalrights.org/publications/kyr/shschool.asp 

Murdoch, Kathryn Wells & David Kysilko (1993/1998) Sexual Harassment in Schools:

Policy Guide. NASE: National Association of the State Boards of Education.

It is no longer acceptable to just pretend that there isn't a problem and hope that it all goes away (Cooper, Golden, & Kent-Ferraro, 2002, 164).

The problem of sexual harassment in the workplace is not a new problem and will continue to be a problem for some time to come. And not only is it a problem that has been around for a while it is expanding to include the internet as well. This makes the problem even more accessible at work and thus a more important topic for employers to address. Having a well thought out educational program that is supported by the company's EAP is the best way to hopefully prevent and if necessary deal with any problems that arise. Employees that have been educated can then be held responsible for their actions in the workplace. The key is to define for the employees what is acceptable…

References

Employers taking proactive approach to EAPs. (2005) Occupational Health, Supplement (57), 5.

Retrieved from Sociological Collection database.

Cooper, Al., Golden, Gale, H., & Kent-Ferraor, Jay. (2002). Online Sexual Behaviors in the Workplace: How can Human Resource Departments and Employee Assistance Programs

Respond Effectively? Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 9(3), 149. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

The employee will not necessarily be required to show a loss of advancement, retaliation, loss of income, or stress as they once did under 'quid pro quo' and hostile-environment. They will need to show that the nature of the sexual content they experienced caused them to experience discrimination" ("Sexual Harassment and Discrimination," 2007, Employer-Employee.com).

The Supreme Court created a two-part test to be used by employers in defending themselves against a sexual harassment lawsuit. Firstly, "the employer needs to show that they took reasonable care to prevent and correct any sexual harassment behavior within their workplace," and "the employee unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventive or corrective opportunities provided by the employer" ("Sexual Harassment and Discrimination," 2007, Employer-Employee.com). To reduce the chance that the company will not be found complicit, the company should immediately conduct an investigation of Bob's behavior, and document all of the results of the…

Works Cited

Sexual Harassment and Discrimination." (2007). Employer-Employee.com. Retrieved 16 Mar 2008 at  http://www.employer-employee.com/sexhar1.htm

Sexual Harassment Case Studies

Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing

A class action lawsuit was filed in a federal court in Illinois by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunities Commission against Mitsubishi Motor Manufacturing of America Inc., a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Motors Corp., in April of 1996 (BHC 2009). The suit listed an extensive list of sexual harassment incidents affecting more than 300 women working at a manufacturing facility in Normal, Illinois, including subjection to fondling, exposure to pornographic pictures, and the denial of earned promotions on the basis of refusing to perform sexual favors (BHC 2009). The suit ended with an award of $34 million paid by MMMA and the adoption of a zero tolerance towards sexual harassment by the company, which itself is subject to review by an independent board (BHC 2009).

Two separate cases, later consolidated, were filed against the University of Colorado by women who alleged that they were sexually…

References

BHRRC. (2011). Case profile: Mitsubishi lawsuit. Accessed 29 September 2011.  http://www.business-humanrights.org/Categories/Lawlawsuits/Lawsuitsregulatoryaction/LawsuitsSelectedcases/MitsubishilawsuitresexualharassmentinUSA 

Jamieson, D. (2011). LensCrafters Settles Female-On-Male Sexual Harassment Case. Accessed 29 S.  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/20/lenscrafters-settles-fema_n_880709.html 

Sander, L. (2007). U. Of Colorado at Boulder Settles Lawsuit Over Alleged Rapes at Football Recruiting Party for $2.85 Million. Accessed 29 September 2011. http://www.titleix.info/Resources/Legal-Cases/Colorado-Lawsuit-Alleged-Rape-Football-Recruiting-Party.aspx

TWC. (2011). Case studies in sexual harassment. Accessed 29 September 2011.  http://www.twc.state.tx.us/news/efte/case_studies_in_sexual_harassment.html

Construction of survey and questionnaire to conduct a study of a specific segment of police officers at the local level. Such questions (as examples below suggest) will ask the following and remain confidential: (1) ere they provided with appropriate training? (2) How do they feel when faced with such situations? (3) Have they been provided with counseling? (4) Have they witnessed such a situation and if so with who? (5) hat factors instigated the situation? (6) Is it a matter of power? (7) hat changes can be made to department policy from such situations happening in the future?

Another survey that can be carried out would be a survey of the public and how such behaviors change their perception of safety and the law.

4. Empirical Results and Analysis

This section will analyze and present the results of the surveyed information and provide insight into what can be done for…

Works Cited

Amnesty International. "Stonewalled: Police abuse and misconduct against lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people in the U.S." Amnesty International Web site (2004): 26 pages. 7 Oct 2005  http://www.amnestyusa.org/news/document.do?id=ENGUS20050922002 

Deschamps F, Paganon-Badinier I, Marchand AC, Merle C. "Sources and assessment of occupational stress in the police." Occupational Health 45.6 (2003 Nov.): 358-64.

Heerbrandt, Katherine. "Police department investigates sexual harassment claim." The Maryland Gazette 1 Sept. 2005, local ed.

Rome, Dennis M. "The Prevalence and Visibility of Police Misconduct: A Survey of Citizens and Police Officers." Police Quarterly 7.2 (2004): 179-204.

Sexual Harassment on the Job

Sexual harassment in offices and also in educational environment makes an atmosphere, which degrades individuals and puts a depressing influence on personal actions and efficiencies and output of the organization and self-esteem of the establishment as well. Since public opinion to this touchy problem has lately been sharp, a lot of uncertainty continues to be present, regarding the appropriateness of the very action, as also the methodologies suitable for combating with the dilemma. egardless of the extensive media hype concerning the dangers of harassment in workplaces, reviews exhibit that a lot of American companies have not dealt with the quandary as yet.

Main body/text:

Even though companies are aware of its occurrences, they seem to be hesitant about the course of action. Due to this, the shadow of accountability of the boss for sexual harassment persists to impend in the companies. Lapses on this score…

References

American Academy of Pediatrics: Prevention of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Educational Settings. (2000) Committee on Pediatric Workforce -- Subcommittee on Women in Pediatrics. Pediatrics. Volume: 106; No. 6; December. pp. 1498-1499

Fitzgerald, L.F; Hulin, C.L; Drasgow, F (1995) The Antecedents and Consequences of Sexual Harassment in Organizations: An Integrated Model. In G. Keita; J. Hurrell, eds: Job Stress in a Changing Workforce: Investigating Gender, Diversity, and Family Issues (pp. 55-73); Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Neville, Kathleen. (1990) Corporate Attractions: An Inside Account of Sexual Harassment with the New Sexual Rules for Men and Women on the Job. Washington, DC.

Stringer, D. M; Remick, H; Salisbury, J; Ginorio, A (1990) The Power and Reasons behind Sexual Harassment: An Employer's Guide to Solutions. Public Personnel Management. Volume: 19; No: 1; pp: 43-52

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace

Sexual harassment in the work place forms an atmosphere that degrades people and has a depressing influence on individual functioning and efficiency as well as organizational efficiency and unit morale. There is much mystification as to what accurately represents sexual harassment and about modalities suitable for dealing with the problem, as sympathy to this complex problem has been heightened of late. It is obligatory on the part of the employers, organizations, and institutions to speak for all their people, male and female, and give instruction and help to ease the abolition of this vicious deed. The workplaces must be conscious of the occurrence of the problem and must have action plans. (Committee on Pediatric Workforce -- Subcommittee on Women in Pediatrics, p. 1498)

In the present days' society, sexual harassment continued to be a persistent problem. Sexual harassment in offices and also in educational environment…

References

Committee on Pediatric Workforce -- Subcommittee on Women in Pediatrics. Prevention of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace and Educational Settings. Pediatrics. December 2000; Vol: 106; No. 6; pp. 1498-1499.

Golden, John. H; Johnson, Craig, A; Lopez, Rebecca. Sexual harassment in the workplace: exploring the effects of attractiveness on perception of harassment - Statistical Data Included. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research. December, 2001. Vol: 14; No: 1; pp: 58-64

Preventing Sexual Harassment: All Reasonable Steps. Retrieved from  http://www.hreoc.gov.au/sex_discrimination/code_practice/data/4_preventing.html  Accessed on 14 February, 2005.

A short list of inappropriate places would include the buttocks, the legs, or the chest, but could be expanded to include anywhere other than the arm or the shoulder. A second offense, or any harassing of the waitress or manager because of the warning, would eject in the patron being ejected from the cocktail lounge. In the case of a lounge patron who was also a hotel guest, the guest would be barred from re-entering the lounge during his or her stay.

Furthermore, while it would be impossible for a hospitality manager to try to prevent flirting by the customers, the fact is that some behavior is obviously inappropriate. Workers in any other industry would not be expected to put up with over sexual offers or demands, and cocktail waitresses should not be faced with that type of behavior, either. In fact, to permit patrons to treat waitresses in that…

The apparently unfounded accusations of embezzlement against Crawford appear to have been the telling difference for this recent ruling.

The more common tactic of 'performance management' is more subtle and much more difficult to prove.

An employee whose job performance was previously considered acceptable will begin to receive less favorable reviews and impossible tasks and goals to further ensure failure.

The employee then has the option of using the "Open Door," but is already known as a whistleblower and due to decreasing performance reviews is not likely to be regarded as wholly credible in his or her complaints.

Unfortunately, this ruling by the Supreme Court that is designed to offer employees more protection may in fact only enforce the tried and true 'performance management' tactic of eliminating employees with courage enough to speak out against harassment. In an economic era of job cutting, self preservation instincts are stronger than ever…

References

Armstrong, N. (2008).

Workplace bullying worse than sexual harassment: Study.

Retrieved January 26, 2009, from Reuters.

Web site:  http://www.reuters.com/article/lifestyleMolt/idUSN0622290520080310

Introduction
Leaders in the military assess and develop a strong ethical climate in their organizations by using “evidence-based developmental programs on individual character and moral development” and by using “empirically validated research instruments to assess ethical climates,” as Allen (2015) notes. One important ethical issue currently facing the Army is the problem of sexual harassment. This paper will illustrate the root cause of sexual harassment, its impact on the force, and present a solution for addressing the root cause.
What is at the Root of Sexual Harassment
Sexual harassment stems from an inappropriate regard for opposite sex. It can be demonstrated by both men and women, though it is more common for it to be shown by men towards women (Gore, Williams & Ghosh-Dastidar, 2015). However, now that women share a more prominent role in the military alongside men, the problem of sexual harassment has increased, and Bennett (2017) points…

References
Allen, C. D. (2015). Ethics and army leadership: climate matters. Parameters, 45(1), 69.
Bennett, J. (2018). Combating Sexual Assault With the Military Ethic: Exploring Culture, Military Institutions, and Norms-Based Preventive Policy. Armed Forces & Society, 44(4), 707-730.
Gore, K. L., Williams, K. M., & Ghosh-Dastidar, B. (2015). Beliefs about sexual assault and sexual harassment: Prevalence, prevention, and progress. AR Morral.
Stimson, C. (2013). Sexual Assault in the Military: Understanding the Problem and How to Fix It. Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/defense/report/sexual-assault-the-military-understanding-the-problem-and-how-fix-i

Background
Amanda is a 27-year-old female who works as a customer service representative in a local call center. She is married and has a two-year-old daughter. Amanda came in seeking help as a result of an awareness that some of the men at her workplace may have crossed the line when it comes to the treatment of women. This is the only place she has ever worked and thought these behaviors were normal until the #MeToo movement brought it to her attention that their behavior is more than just the corporate culture.
When Amanda thought about it, she realized that she was being sexually harassed, and possibly even singled out by males in her work environment. She does not feel comfortable talking about this issue with human resources or her current supervisor, because her supervisor is one of the perpetrators. She fears that complaining at work will have repercussions and…

References
Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies. (ABCT) (2019). Sexual Assault. Retrieved from http://www.abct.org/Information/?m=mInformation&fa=fs_SEXUAL_ASSAULT
Laderer, A. (2017). Sexual Harassment Is About Mental Health, Not Only in the Workplace. TalkSpace. Retrieved from https://www.talkspace.com/blog/sexual-harassment-is-about-mental-health-not-only-the-workplace/
Meyers, L. (2018). Talking About #MeToo. Counseling Today. Retrieved from https://ct.counseling.org/2018/08/talking-about-metoo/
RAINN (2019). Sexual Harassment. RAINN.org. Retrieved from https://www.rainn.org/articles/sexual-harassment
Shae, E., Hegewisch, A., & Hess, C. (2018). Sexual Harassment and Assault at Work: Understanding the Costs. Institute for Women’s Policy Research. Retrieved from https://iwpr.org/people/cynthia-hess-ph-d/
U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (EEOC) (2019). Sexual Harassment. Retrieved from https://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/sexual_harassment.cfm

How a Good Old Boy Network Perpetuates Sexual Harassment in the Army
Many people in the public sector, especially women and minority members, who are faced with obstacles to their career success blame the so-called “good old boy” network that prevents these types of outsiders from gaining access to certain occupations, disciplines or political positions. These public sector good old boy networks pale in comparison, though, to the male-dominating culture that exists in organizations such as the U.S. Army. Although significant progress has been made in encouraging women to enlist in the U.S. Army and even serve in combat roles in recent years, the lingering effects of the good old boy network in the U.S. Army together with the prevalence of sexual harassment and the high-profile reports of these occurrences have discouraged many women from pursuing a military career. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review…

References
Black’s law dictionary. (1990). St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company.
Demographics of the U.S. military. (2020, July 12). Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved from  https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/demographics-us-military .
Ferguson, K. H. (2015, March/April). Can trust be restored? Military Review, 95(2), 26-30
Sexual assault/sexual harassment in the military. (2020). Psychological Health Center of Excellence. Retrieved from  https://www.pdhealth.mil/clinical-guidance/sexual-assaultsexual-harassment .
Stewart, J. N. (2019, April 26). Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2018 annual report on sexual assault in the military. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense. Retrieved from  https://www.sapr.mil/sites/default/files/DoD_Annual_Report_on_Sexual_Assault_in_the_Military.pdf 

Sexual harassment is a dangerous weed which needs to be rooted out from our society. This malady threatens our fundamental constitutional basis of freedom and equality for all. Implementing a good sexual harassment policy at the organizational level and strict enforcement of punishments for offenders is the rightful solution to the problem.

Sexual harassment has assumed huge proportions and is an omnipresent problem raising its hood in all social and professional domains. Women, being the weaker sex are the most affected by this social evil and all the positive achievements of the women's liberation movement have been spoilt by this malady. Gender discrimination continues to haunt us and at every level and it has cast a doubt on the general notion of America as a nation of liberty and gender equality. The corporate sector is no more a secure place for women, with sexual harassment cases getting revealed one by…

Bibliography

Juliene Hefter, "Sexual harassment Training for Part time or Seasonal Staff - Tip -Off," July 2003, Accessed on August 10th 2004, at  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1145/is_7_38/ai_106226864 

Anita Hoffman, Louis Hamlin, 'Perioperative Nurses and Sexual Harassment', Retrieved on August 10th 2004, at  http://www.findarticles.com/cf_0/m0FSL/5_76/94538204/p1/article.jhtml?term= 

Patricia A Marvel, "Motivational Factors That Keep Women Silent About Sexual Harassment," Retrieved on August 11th 2004 from,  http://www.iusb.edu/~journal/1998/Paper8.html 

Kimberly A. Lambert, "An Employer's Shield: Prompt And Effective Investigation of Sexual Harassment Charges," Accessed on August 12th 2004, from, http://www.boonesmith.com/anemploy.html

This must be done with care so that the accused offender does not attempt to take retaliatory action against the accuser. The Goforth article discusses how the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Ohio Civil Rights Commission use outreach programs to show business leaders how a proactive approach to sexual harassment issues can prevent lawsuits, protect bottom lines and preserve reputations. The article recommends that employers must take an active role in creating an atmosphere in which employees like to come to work. Sexual harassment in this case must be addressed on a personal level with employees, to put the challenge out in the open.

A third suggestion of how to deal with sexual harassment in the workplace is mentioned in Elliot's article. Elliot suggestions that all employers should implement and strictly enforce a sexual harassment policy, and he offers a list of items that any good policy must include.…

2010). That said, Perry notes that "we know surprisingly little" about whether the training actually creates "positive change"; and given that lack of specific knowledge, the authors present what they call the "best training practices" that are available for HR departments and managers (187).

The "best practices" factors that have proven successful in preparing HR professionals in matters of sexual harassment include: a) "Pre-training factors" (an assessment of who needs the training; how will the training take place; and what will the content be); b) "Training Design and Delivery Factors" (this is an area where there is no one good answer; in some situations "passive" methods might be best and in other situations "experiential" methods might be better); and c) "Post-training Factors" (once learning has taken place, thee needs to be "reinforcement" to keep trainees motivated to use what they learned during the training exercises (Perry, 190).

Meanwhile, Canada certainly…

Works Cited

Boxall, P. (2013). Mutuality in the Management of Human Resources: Assessing the Quality of Alignment in Employment Relationships. Human Resource Management Journal, 23(1), 3-

17.

Perry, E.L., Kulik, C.T., and Field, M.P. (2009). Sexual Harassment Training: Recommendations

To Address Gaps Between the Practitioner and Research Literatures. Human Resource

Sexual Harassment

The term sexual harassment refers to unreasonable intrusion into a person's personal space in relation to comments or actions of a sexual nature. There are laws dating back to the 1960s under the Civil ights Act that target this issue in the workplace. This law was enacted to prohibit this type of behavior at work in addition to providing a framework or guidelines for employers to resolve the issue. There are several types of harassment considered unlawful and the focus here is to understand and determine how employees can respond to sexual actions in the workplace that create a hostile work environment (Employment Law 2011).

There are several circumstances in the workplace where sexual advances or comments are considered inappropriate, unreasonable, even hostile according to Employment and the Law (2011). Comments that repeat innuendo of a sexual nature such as dirty jokes, lewdness or slurs against the opposite…

References

EEOC. com. (2011). Policy guidance on current issues of sexual harassment. Retrieved December 2, 2011 from http://www. eeoc. gov/facts/fs-sex. html

Employment Law. (2011). Sexual harassment. Retrieved December 2, 2011 from http://employment-law. freeadvice. com/sexual_harassment/types_harassment. htm

Klein, K. (2007). Unwelcome attention disorder. Business Week. Retrieved December 2,

2011 from http://www. businessweek. com/smallbiz/content/apr2007/sb20070404_174075. htm

Given the context and the fact that being a convicted criminal and a sex offender could conceivably make the risk of any type of abuse (whether or not of a sexual nature) foreseeable, that defense is unlikely to succeed. However, generally, the knowledge of one Board member who does not disclose that knowledge to the Board will not be imputed to the rest of the Board. In any case, that issue is unlikely to matter because of the school's liability in negligence even without knowledge.

Question # 3

As previously discussed, the school is likely to be found liable to Anna for Title VII discrimination by virtue of her age because it allowed Forester to create a hostile work environment by failing to discipline either Forester or DuFrane, the other male teacher who made the hostile statement. The school will argue that even under those facts, the severity and extent…

orks Cited

Anderson, Sherwood. (1919). inesburg, Ohio. New York: B.. Huebsch. Bartleby.com, 1999. 8 Jan. 2008 www.bartleby.com/156/.

Dragan, Edward F. "Setting Boundaries for Sexual Harassment." School Administrator Dec. 2006: 53. Questia. 7 Jan. 2008 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5019026469.

Duffy, Jim, Stacey areham, and Margaret alsh. "Psychological Consequences for High School Students of Having Been Sexually Harassed." Sex Roles: A Journal of Research 50.11-12 (2004): 811+. Questia. 8 Jan. 2008 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5008171353.

Lucero, Margaret a., Robert E. Allen, and Karen L. Middleton. "Sexual Harassers: Behaviors, Motives, and Change over Time." Sex Roles: A Journal of Research (2006): 331+. Questia. 8 Jan. 2008 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5022552162.

Packman, Jill, illiam J. Lepkowski, Christian C. Overton, and Marlowe Smaby. "e're Not Gonna Take it: A Student Driven Anti-Bullying Approach." Education 125.4 (2005): 546+. Questia. 8 Jan. 2008 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5009846899.

"Parents Should Speak Up about School Problems." The Register-Guard (Eugene, or) 5 Nov. 2007: A9. Questia. 8 Jan. 2008 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5023891271.

Secondary School."…

Works Cited

Anderson, Sherwood. (1919). Winesburg, Ohio. New York: B.W. Huebsch. Bartleby.com, 1999. 8 Jan. 2008 www.bartleby.com/156/.

Dragan, Edward F. "Setting Boundaries for Sexual Harassment." School Administrator Dec. 2006: 53. Questia. 7 Jan. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5019026469 .

Duffy, Jim, Stacey Wareham, and Margaret Walsh. "Psychological Consequences for High School Students of Having Been Sexually Harassed." Sex Roles: A Journal of Research 50.11-12 (2004): 811+. Questia. 8 Jan. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5008171353 .

Lucero, Margaret a., Robert E. Allen, and Karen L. Middleton. "Sexual Harassers: Behaviors, Motives, and Change over Time." Sex Roles: A Journal of Research (2006): 331+. Questia. 8 Jan. 2008  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5022552162 .

Sexual harassment is one of the most common forms of gender-based discrimination that has spread in the recent past despite its impact on victims with regards to depriving them equality and dignity. Generally, sexual harassment involves sexual discrimination that infringes civil rights through unwanted sexual advances, verbal or physical sexual conduct, and requests for sexual favors in a manner that affects a person's work performance or social relations. The victims of this form of gender-discrimination and crime usually feel powerless and have low self-esteem because its most common injuries are emotional. The prevalence of this crime is evident in its current spread in the education environment as well as other workplaces.

Actions Constituting Sexual Harassment in the Education Environment

Given its current spread, sexual harassment has become common in the modern education environment. Similar to other workplaces, sexual harassment in the education environment occurs between teachers and their employers. However,…

References

"Davis v. Monroe County Board of Education." (1999). Wrightslaw. Retrieved November 24, 2015, from  http://www.wrightslaw.com/law/caselaw/case_Davis_Monroe_SupCt_990524.html 

Education Dept. Inspector General Off. Investigation Office. (1997). Sexual Harassment: It's Not Academic. Retrieved November 24, 2015, from  http://corporate.findlaw.com/law-library/sexual-harassment-it-s-not-academic.html 

Stier, W.F. (2005, March/April). An Overview of Sexual Harassment. Strategies, 18(4), 13-15. Retrieved November 24, 2015, from  http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08924562.2005.10591145#.U-0pcKOwU08

Sexual Harassment

The author of this report has been asked to assess and review an article that is related to the subject matter in the class text for this class. The topics that are there to be chosen from include regulation of employment, the employee/employer relationship, the Civil ights Act/Title VII, affirmative action, race, gender, sexual harassment and affinity orientation. The author of this report shall focus on sexual harassment. While the ubiquity of sexual harassment training and enforcement of laws (not to mention lawsuits) relating to the same would seem to reduce the practice by offenders, sexual harassment is apparently still alive and well.

As described by the class text, sexual harassment is basically any behavior, action or condition that is sexualized in nature and that leads to a person being sexually threatened, denigrated or made uncomfortable. Examples of sexual harassment would include having a picture of a bikini-clad…

References

Bennett-Alexander, D., & Hartman, L. (2007). Employment law for business. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Lachman, S. (2015). A Shocking Number of States Don't Protect Unpaid Interns From Discrimination & Sexual Harassment. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 31 October

2015, from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/27/unpaid-interns-harassment_n_7453826.html

Welsh (1999) examines sexual harassment from a gender perspective and concludes that sexual harassment may be contextualized by both 'organizational and individual factors" and that gender examination is primary to the study of sexual harassment; further she claims there is no unified theoretical framework that can help explain the occurrence of sexual harassment (169).

Many studies have concluded that sexual harassment lowers morale, increases absenteeism, decreases overall job satisfaction and individual's perceptions of opportunity within the organization as well as damages interpersonal relationships (Welsh, 1999; Gruber 1992). In addition sexual harassment can have psychological and health consequences on people including nausea, stress and headaches which can impact an individual's personal and work life (Welsh, 1999). There are even studies that link frequent occurrences of sexual harassment to long-term illnesses including post traumatic stress disorders (Welsh, 1999).

Sexual harassment thus has the ability to not only affect work related outcomes but…

References

Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender Society, 4, 139-158.

Dellinger, K., Giuffre, P.A. & Williams, C.L. (1999). "Sexuality in the workplace:

Organizational control, sexual harassment, and the pursuit of pleasure." Annual Review of Sociology, 73.

Grauerholz, E., & King, a. (1997). Prime time sexual harassment. Violence against Women, 3, 129-148.

). This is especially true since American men and women tend to hold dramatically different views concerning what types of behaviors equate to sexual harassment, making the management of this issue even more challenging (Elkins et al.). There remains a lack of research, though, concerning what types of actions are most effective in reducing the number of sexual harassment claims in the workplace, as well as how employees actually feel about organizations that take actions against sexual harassers.

In this environment, it is not surprising that the number of sexual harassment claims continues to grow and that the awards being assigned to victims of sexual harassment continue to increase. There is simply no room in the American workplace for behaviors that discriminate against individuals based on gender or race or religion, of course, but the fact that there are some important biological differences involved in sexual harassment cases indicates that…

References

Elkins, T.J., Phillips, J.S. & Ward, S.G. (2008). Organizational sexual harassment investigations: Observers' perceptions of fairness. Journal of Managerial Issues, 20(1),

Janove (2001) does point out that there are many victims of sexual harassment in the workplace, but that often those most affected tend to keep quite, or attempt to avoid their harassers altogether when possible.

In a case study the author points out that some managers still fail to take action against supervisors or managers that may be engaging in sexually harassing behaviors, in part because they may be engaging in similar behaviors themselves. This was shown to be more often the case in a male dominated work environment that one that was more gender neutral.

Silence according to the author does not indicate a lack of knowledge regarding H law or sexual harassment issues, but rather suggests that many employees have expressed a desire to avoid conflict rather than face the consequences of coming forth against harassers.

The author cites a study reported by Joan Kennedy Taylor in "What…

Rotundo, M., Nguyen, DH, Sackett, P. (2001). "A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender

Differences in Perceptions of Sexual Harassment." Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(5):914-922. 12, November, 2004:

http://www.apa.org/journals/apl/press_releases/october_2001/apl865914.html

real issue facing employees and the companies they work for, the topic of sexual harassment plagues courts and policy makers. The problem often rests with the definition: what constitutes sexual harassment? Sometimes innocent innuendo is mistaken for hostility. In the modern working environment, such hyperawareness proves unproductive. As Anne B. Fisher states in her article, "Sexual Harassment: What to Do?" "For all the seriousness of the issue, it would be a great pity if men and women got to the point of giving up on workplace friendships altogether...It will be a sad day, if it ever comes, when people are too nervous to ask a pal out for a drink," (p. 293). These sentiments are shared by Kingsley R. Browne in his exposition, "Title VII as Censorship: Hostile-Environment Harassment and the First Amendment." Drawing on legal precedent, Browne testifies about the thin line that exists today between free speech and…

The company should then establish clear procedures with regard to reporting of cases and the way they are handled, this can be done by establishing a competent body to handle this issue. The last step is enforcement of the policy, when all this is done then the policies will help safeguard the employees and at the same time reducing on company liabilities since there will be few cases to handle.

Who should be responsible?

Most companies have handed over the responsibility of protecting employees against sexual harassment to the employees themselves claiming that it is them who allow it to happen. Similarly, many individuals have raised the same argument and made recommendations supporting such a move. This should not be the case and is actually one of the factors that have led to the widespread of this vice. Matters are made worse when individuals are given the task of collecting…

References

Equal Opportunity Employment Commission. (2002). Facts about sexual harassment. Retrieved March 2, 2010 from  http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/fs-sex.html 

Meloy, J.R. (1998). The psychology of stalking: Clinical and Forensic Perspectives. New York:

Academic Press.

Mullen, P.E., et al. (1999). A study of stalkers. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156 Prekel, Truida (2001). Sexual Harassment: Causes, Consequences and Cures, Retrieved March 2,

Sociology

The Impact of Workplace Sexual Harassment on Employees and Employers

Sexual Harassment (SH) is a subject that has made its way into the normative, professional lexicon. SH used to be a topic that was not taken seriously because it was a part of the workplace environment that was normal and was not subject to punitive consequences, though there are occasions that are exceptions to the rule. SH is a subject that must be taken seriously by every employee or member of an organization. SH is a subject that must be taken seriously on the individual level and on the organizational level. SH directly affects fundamental aspects of a place of employment, no matter the industry. Prevalent, pervasive, and even sporadic SH in the workplace serves as a destructive force from within and from without.

There is no workplace environment that exists that will never have one instance of SH.…

References:

Houle, Jason N., Staff, Jeremy, Mortimer, Jeylan T., Uggen, Christopher, & Blackstone, Amy. "The Impact of Sexual Harassment on Depressive Symptoms During the Early Occupational Career." Society Mental Health, Vol. 1, No. 2, 89 -- 105, 2011. Available from:  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3227029/ . 2014 January 10.

Jackson, Robert A. & Newman, Meredith A. "Sexual Harassment in the Federal Workplace Revisited: Influences on Sexual Harassment by Gender." Public Administration Review, Vol. 64, No. 6, 705 -- 717, 2004.

Lim, Sandy, & Cortina, Lilia M. "Interpersonal Mistreatment in the Workplace: The Interface and Impact of General Incivility and Sexual Harassment." Journal of Applied Psycholgoy, Vol. 90, No. 3, 483 -- 496, 2005.

Lim, Sandy, & Cortina, Lilia M. "Personal and Workgroup Incivility: Impact on Work and Health Outcomes." Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 93, No. 1, 95 -- 107, 2008.

Employer Liability for Sexual Harassment

The judge's decision was appropriate for this case because it was proven that Ms. Darcy did sufficiently state the facts in the case. It was proven that Clarence was a supervisor, that there was sexual harassment, and it was a hostile work environment. The lewd remarks and having to constantly touch Ms. Darcy was not isolated events and was not just a few times, constituting the fact that it was on a continual basis. Talking to his supervisors about it brought no results.

The environment was a hostile workplace in the respects it was continual, it was more than a reasonable women would have accepted, and the demotion shows retaliation from the company in the end. It shows hostility in respects of Clarence following her up and down the line and stopping her in the hall to say lewd remarks to her. Other company employees…

sexual harassment in the workplace. The writer discusses how it happens, and what can be done to stop or prevent it. The writer used four sources to complete this paper.

During the last several decades' women have entered the workforce by the millions. The entrance of females to what used to be male dominated setting has brought fresh ideas, new perspectives and other positive attributes to every field. In addition the problem of sexual harassment has moved to the limelight as more cases are heard. Sexual harassment has been a problem since the beginning of working for wages. Historically there have been cases of female workers being harassed by male superior of fellow employees and there have also been occasional charges about male employees being harassed as well. Sexual harassment has been around as long as the workforce has but it was not until the middle 1960's that it became…

References

Associated Press;, RTD FACES SEXUAL-HARRASSMENT LAWSUIT TWO FORMER EMPLOYEES CLAIM NO ACTION TAKEN ON THEIR COMPLAINTS, INVESTIGATIONS LACKING., Denver Rocky Mountain News, 11-16-1997, pp 29A.

Author not available, Another year of the men?; Historically speaking, three's a crowd; Sexual harrassment, one year later., U.S. News & World Report, 10-26-1992, pp. 17-18.

Sherer, Jill L., Sexually harassed. (health care industry). Vol. 69, Hospitals & Health Networks, 01-20-1995, pp 54(4).

Author not available, Insurance companies see new interest in sexual harassment policies., AP Online, 03-23-1998.

Personal incident that I witnessed at work was a case of sexual harassment on the part of one employee towards another. The behavior was ethically questionable at best and the incident was in line with ethical issues regarding sexual harassment in the workplace. This paper will describe the incident, define the ethical issues inherent in the incident, and discuss the ethical principles associated with the behavior.

I was working in a library when I witnessed a male employee sexually harass a female employee in the library's stacks. He was commenting on her choice of a top and telling her lewdly that he could see part of her anatomy through the top. He was not doing this in a sensitive manner but rather in a suggestive manner and even in a hostile way that I found to be aggressive. It was obvious that he was hurting the feelings of the girl…

H Interview

The author of this report has been asked to conduct an interview with a human resources professional. As part of this interview, there will be a presentation of the scenario with Tim and his actions towards his coworkers. In this report will be a summary of what was learned from the interview, the recommendations that the interviewee made regarding the situation, how the information learned from the interview could and should be applied given the legal implications and whether the interviewer (the author of this report) now feels prepared to address Tom's behavior. There will also be a listing of the interview question that were used for this process and a reflection on how everything when down. While Tom may or may not mean to incendiary in his comments, he needs to be stopped and the company itself could be held liable if they do not do so…

References

May, D., Li, C., Mencl, J., & Huang, C. (2014). The ethics of meaningful work: Types and magnitude of job-related harm and the ethical decision-making process.

 http://proxy1.ncu.edu/login?url= http://search.ebscohost.com' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>

Sexual Harassment Charges

The chair of the kinesiology department at a college or university confronted with a sexual harassment charge from a student concerning the inappropriate touching of a breast by a male instructor during weight training instruction and who now refuses to return to class will need to understand the legal definition of sexual harassment and relevant precedential case laws to provide an appropriate organizational response. To this end, this paper reviews the literature to provide a definition of sexual harassment, when it was implemented into law in the United States, and an analysis of selected sexual harassment cases including their validity. Finally, a recommendation for the college or university, a summary of the research and important findings concerning sexual harassment cases are presented in the conclusion.

Review and Analysis

According to the legal definition provided by Black's Law Dictionary, sexual harassment is "a type of employment discrimination [which]…

Works Cited

Black's Law Dictionary. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Co., 1990.

Equal employment opportunity guidelines on sexual harassment. (1980). 45 Fed. Reg. 25025.

Gebser v. Lago Vista Independent School District. (1998). Oyez. Available: https://www.oyez. org/cases/1997/96-1866.

Lee, Robert D. and Greenlaw, Paul S. "Employer Liability for Employee Sexual Harassment: A Judicial Policy-Making Study." Public Administration Review (2000, March), vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 123-127.

Diversity Policy

GE commits itself to active achievement of diversity for enhancing the firm's performance through recognition and utilization of the diverse talents and skills of its directors, managers, and staff members. Diversity encompasses recognizing and appreciating the unique inputs of different members of an organization, owing to their different backgrounds, skill sets, viewpoints, and experiences, including individuals with concomitant domestic responsibilities. GE cherishes the differences among its workforce, as well as their contribution to the organization. GE further commits itself to abolition of discrimination and supporting diversity among its staff members. The company's aim is making its workforce a true representative of every societal group, and making every employee feel valued and capable of contributing their best.

Thus, the goal of this diversity policy is providing fairness and equality to all employees of the company, and not discriminating against anyone on the basis of gender, race, color, religion, marital…

References

Acas (2006). Tackling discrimination and promoting equality. Retrieved 28 July 2015 from  http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/j/2/B16_1.pdf 

Amaguin, R. (n.d.). Implement a Sexual Harassment Policy and Avoid a Harassment Claim EmploymentLawFirms.com. Retrieved July 28, 2015, from  http://www.employmentlawfirms.com/resources/employment/workplace-safety-and-health/implement-sexual-harassment-policy.htm 

Caltex Diversity Policy (n.d.). Retrieved 28 July 2015 from  http://www.caltex.com.au/aboutus/documents/policiesprocesses/caltex%20diversity%20policy.pdf 

U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (n.d.). Sexual Harassment. Retrieved from:  http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/sexual_harassment.cfm

Legal Brief

McCurdy v. Arkansas State Police, 375 F. 3 762 (8th Cir. 2004)

Type of Action

The case covered in this legal brief was the case of an employee of the Arkansas State Police, that being McCurdy, filing an action against the State of Arkansas in the form of the Arkansas State Police, that being her employer. Ms. McCurdy was trying to hold the Arkansas State Police liable for the sexual harassment of her supervisor. The case in this legal brief was argued before the United States Eight Circuit Court of Appeals (Leagle, 2014).

Facts of the Case

Jamie McCurdy, while being an employee of the Arkansas State Police, was subjected to about an hour of sexual harassment. The harassment in question was explicitly banned and disallowed as a matter of policy with the Arkansas State Police. On the Friday in which the harassment occurred, Sergeant Hall (McCurdy's supervisor)…

References

IntroLaw. (2014, May 30). Summary: McCurdy v. Arkansas State Police, 375 F.3d 762 (8th Cir. July 23, 2004). Summary: McCurdy v. Arkansas State Police, 375 F.3d 762 (8th Cir. July 23, 2004). Retrieved May 30, 2014, from  http://www.introlaw.com/ed/cs/8th/04/080704mc.html 

LawMemo. (2014, May 30). Employment Law Memo sample. Employment Law Memo sample. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from http://www.lawmemo.com/sample/e20040726.htm

Leagle. (2014, May 30). McCURDY v. ARKANSAS STATE POLICE | Leagle.com. McCURDY v. ARKANSAS STATE POLICE | Leagle.com. Retrieved May 30, 2014, from  http://www.leagle.com/decision/20031257275FSupp2d982_11161

Sexual Harrassment

Effects Of Sexual Harrassment In The Workplace

The problems of sexual harassment cases are prevalent in almost all of the companies. In today's workplace, incidents of sexual harassment have become common. It is not unusual that a majority of companies in America are facing countless suits on sexual harassments. While many companies have addressed the problem of sexual harassment at the organizational level with policy statements and other memos, management has not paid the real attention on lowering the number of sexual harassment in the workplace. The main problem occurs, as it is not clear what is a right conduct and what is a wrong conduct in case of the sexual harassment situation.

DEVELOPMENT OF PARAGRAPHS

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 makes sexual harassment illegal, considering it to be a form of sexual discrimination. The statute, however, does not cover what kind of behavior…

Sexual Harassment

orkplace Sexual Harassment: A Legal and Psychological Overview

orkplace Sexual Harassment, as delineated in the text by Anne C. Levy, & Michele A. Paludi (2001) is a complex issue, marrying human psychology and human sexual and cultural assumptions with the daily demands of the business environment, an environment that can be stressful for everyone where personal relations are concerned. This is why Part I of the text explains not only the American legal system regarding sexual harassment and employment law. It also looks at sexual harassment from a psychological perspective, how women have been perceived in the modern, American workplace. The two perspectives are married in many legal instances. For instance, in terms of setting what the courts have variously considered harassment, the courts have eventually evolved what is called a 'reasonable person' standard as to what constitutes harassment. This has changed and evolved, however, as cultural norms…

Works Cited

Levy, Anne C. & Michele Pauldi. (2001) Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. New York: Prentice Hall.

Sexual Harassment

Countless men are losing their jobs and families because of erroneous claims of sexual harassment. Nowadays, women press charges of sexual harassment in the workplace without taking responsibility for the way they act, speak, and dress. However, when deciding sexual harassment cases, judges and juries take into account the complainant's dress because it is a factor in determining guilt. Charging a man with sexual harassment because he made a pass at a woman in a tight blouse and a mini skirt is like convicting him for being alive. Heterosexual men are attracted to women and are generally expected to take the initiative in a new relationship. omen, on the other hand, do not act with honesty and integrity when they show up to work in skimpy outfits. Dressing provocatively sends a message about sexuality; women dress to express themselves. omen wear skimpy clothing mainly to attract attention, to…

Works Cited

Bowen, Marie H. "Provocative Clothing: Sexual Harassment or just sexy?" Labor and Employment. Summer/Fall 1997. Testa, Hurwitz, and Thiebault.  http://www.tht.com/pubs/SearchMatchPub.asp?ArticleID=38928  Mar 2003.

Civil ights and Sexual Harassment in Criminal Justice

Sexual harassment forms a critical issue affecting almost all the organizations in the current organizational environment. Among the organizations affected, include the criminal justice organizations held with the responsibility of ensuring equal treatment of individuals in the society and different organizations. Employees working in the criminal justice organizations are highly vulnerable to sexual harassment from their supervisors and coworkers. While many people consider sexual harassment as the forcing an individual into a nonconsensual sexual act, other behaviors displaying sexually implicit photographs, posters and magazines are forms of sexual harassment in the workplace. It is highly recognizable that irrespective of the measures adopted to curb the vice such as protection of the employees and members of the society by the constitution, the cases of sexual harassment in the workplace continue to rise (Collins & Vaughn, 2004).

Sexual harassment affects one's ability to perform…

References

Collins, S.C., & Vaughn, M.S. (2004). Liability for sexual harassment in criminal justice agencies. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(6), 531-545.

Publications NIJ Publication Detail. (n.d.). National Institute of Justice. Retrieved May 9, 2014, from  http://www.nij.gov/publications/pages/publication-detail.aspx?ncjnumber=156663

Just like with other forms of sexual assault, sexual harassment brings a set of impacts and consequences such as having physical effects, emotional effects, job and school related effects and current and future financial penalties. Harassment also has harmful costs on the environment that victims are in and can lead to an aggressive and less productive work and school surroundings. It costs businesses and schools due to the damaged morale, lawsuits and absenteeism that occur because of it. It permits for the degradation of women and men and the continuation of gender inequalities (Anderson, 2006).

The psychological brunt on the victim of sexual harassment can be huge. Understanding the psychological effects of harassment is difficult because very often the victim's reactions are masked or minimized. Sexual harassment has negative impacts on the victim, often reporting that they are distracted during the day and do not perform to their potential. They…

References

Anderson, Janet. (2006). Sexual Harassment. Retrieved April 27, 2010, from Web site:

 http://www.wcsap.org/advocacy/PDF/8_2SexualHarassment.pdf 

Dealing with Sexual Harassment. (2002). Retrieved April 27, 2010, from Web site:

http://www.womenscommission.state.nm.us/Publications/sexhbrochre.pdf

The ADA does not specifically name all of the impairments that are covered. Title I requires employers with 15 or more employees to provide qualified individuals with disabilities an equal opportunity to benefit from the full range of employment-related opportunities available to others. For example, it prohibits discrimination in recruitment, hiring, promotions, training, pay, social activities, and other privileges of employment. It restricts questions that can be asked about an applicant's disability before a job offer is made, and it requires that employers make reasonable accommodation to the known physical or mental limitations of otherwise qualified individuals with disabilities, unless it results in undue hardship. Religious entities with 15 or more employees are covered under title I. Title I complaints must be filed with the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) within 180 days of the date of discrimination, or 300 days if the charge is filed with a designated…

Males of all ages routinely misrepresent their intentions with the specific hope of obtaining sexual consent from prospective female partners: typically, they feign sincerely romantic interest when their interest in the particular woman is strictly physical.

Instead of respecting how important many women consider an emotional connection as a prerequisite for sexuality, men disregard the very social mores they purport to value in their legitimate romantic interests (and for any females in their families) to exploit any conceivable opportunity to obtain sexual consent for their selfish purposes. Perhaps the most offensive element of this social dynamic is, precisely, that the same men prize chastity and even virginity in women as an ideal for their eventual life partners (Verene, p. 301).

What is most unfortunate and ironic about this situation is that to whatever degree moral rules apply to sexual conduct, they are violated much more by the duplicitous conduct typical…

References

Baker, R., Elliston, F. (2002) Philosophy & Sex. Buffalo: Prometheus

Verene, D.P. (1992) Sexual Love and Western Morality: A Philosophical Anthology. New York: Harper

sexual harassment, and discuss aspects like defenses, judge ruling basis, cause of action, and employee's and employer's civil liability. Both discrimination and employee laws will be applied here.

Sexual Harassment Background Information

The issue of sexual harassment at workplaces poses an ethical problem, with around 50% of all women employees experiencing it during some point of time at their workplace; the effects of sexual harassment on people are always negative, and harmful (Bimrose, 2004). Thus, career guidance has a significant role to play in preparing and supporting working women, who may have already faced, or are currently, facing sexual harassment at work. ecent studies on workplace-related gender inequalities have recommended combating of stereotyping by urging women to take up non-traditional vocational training, education, and jobs.

Though the above solution is pertinent, the problem of workplace sexual harassment is not accorded due recognition. There are several reasons for this; the foremost…

References

Bimrose, J. (2004). Sexual Harassment in the Workplace: An Ethical Dilemma for Career Guidance Practice? British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 23(1), 109-121. Retrieved, from  http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ680404 

Fetter-Harrott, A. (2007). How to avoid liability under federal civil rights laws for third-party harassment. Law Trends, 3(2).Retrieved, from  http://www.americanbar.org/newsletter/publications/law_trends_news_practice_area_e_newsletter_home/howtoavoidliability.htm 

ISACS (n.d.).Sexual Harassment Liability under Title VII .Retrieved August 30, 2015, from http://www.isacs.org/uploads/file/Monographs/Business%20Operations/Sexual%20Harassment%20Liability%20Under%20Title%20VII.p

Mallor, J., Barnes, Bowers, T., & Langvardt, A. (n.d.). Business Law: The Ethical, Global, and E-Commerce Environment. You Be the Judge. Retrieved August 30, 2015, from  http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0073524980/student_view0/you_be_the_judge.html

Women in the military reported being sexually harassed at six times the rate of civilian women, and reported being sexually assaulted at more than twice the rate of civilian women. Moreover, women in the military seem even more hesitant than civilian women to report sexual assault or sexual harassment. Civilian women were almost three times as likely to report sexual harassment as women in the military. Moreover, while both civilian women and military women failed to report an alarming percentage of sexual assaults, civilian women were more than three times as likely to report those assaults than military women.

While this survey makes it clear that women in the military are at greater risk of sexual assault and sexual harassment than civilian women, it does not explain why the women are at risk. Future studies should look at the impact of race and socioeconomic status on those issues, because it…

REFERENCES

McCall-Hosenfeld, J.S., Liebshutz, J.M., Spiro, a., & Seaver, M.R. (2009). Sexual assault in the military and its impact on sexual satisfaction in women veterans: a proposed model. Journal of Women's Health, 18(6), 901-9.

Street, a.E., Stafford, J., Mahan, C.M., & Hendricks, a. (2008). Sexual harassment and assault experienced by reservists during military service: prevalence and health correlates. Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development, 45(3), 409-19.

aragher v. City of Boca Raton

Argued March 25, 1998

Decided June 26, 1998

PARTIES:

Beth Ann aragher: petitioner; City of Boca Raton:

respondent

ACTS:

Beth Ann aragher worked part-time and during summers between 1990 and 1995 as a life-guard for the Parks and Recreation Department of the City of Boca Raton, lorida. Her immediate superiors during this period were Bill Terry, David Silverman and Robert Gordon.

After resigning as a lifeguard, aragher brought an action against Terry, Silverman and the City under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for nominal damages and other relief, alleging, among other things, that the supervisors had created a "sexually hostile atmosphere" at work by repeatedly subjecting aragher and other female lifeguards to uninvited and offensive touching, by making lewd remarks, and by speaking of women in offensive terms. Asserting that Terry and Silverman were agents of the City, and that…

Faragher v. The City of Boca Raton (1998) is considered to be landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in the area of sexual harassment in the workplace. This is mainly because until Faragher, the Appeal Courts in the U.S. had typically considered sexual harassment by employees in the workplace as "frolics or detours from the course of employment" which was "acting beyond the scope of their employment." As such, sexual harassment by employees (including supervisors) was deemed to fall beyond the scope of Restatement 219 (1) and absolved the employer of any vicarious liability.

Faragher constitutes an important departure from such a benign interpretation of sexual harassment by the courts and set more strict standards of judgment in future cases. It also forced the employers and supervisors to view sexual harassment more seriously and to implement policies of prevention in the workplace.

The Case, in fact, reflects the changing social attitudes towards sexual harassment in the American society. There was a time, when crass behavior by male employees in the workplace could go unchallenged or was ignored by women. Following the success of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s, movements for the rights of other minorities had gained ground. By the 1990s, previous Court rulings in sexual harassment cases had become out of tune with the changed social standards. Faragher defined the parameters of sexual harassment more clearly and also broadened the scope of vicarious liability in general.