Social Norm
Make answer question completely. Your answers cohesive essays. 1. Discuss explain types social norms. What role dominant culture play establishing norms? 2. What role time place defining crime? How social norms related understanding crime? Give a crime U.S. today time considered a crime? What social contributed changing definition ? 3.

Discuss and explain the various types of social norms. What role does the dominant culture play in establishing norms?

A social norm in the first place refers to something that has been accepted by the society as part of their day-to-day thing/activity. It may be a belief, behavior, action or value that is appreciated by the people/community. A social norm usually varies between different age groups and social class (income bracket) within the society. There are four types of social norms. They include the folkway, custom, and fashion, more, law. All these norms have some element of evaluation of behavior and…...

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References

Aarts, H., & Dijksterhuis, A. (2003). The silence of the library: Environment, situational norm and social behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 18 -- 28.

Cere, D., Farrow, D., Institute for the Study of Marriage, L., & Culture. (2004). Divorcing marriage: unveiling the dangers in Canada's new social experiment: Published for the Institute for the Study of Marriage, Law and Culture by McGill-Queen's University Press.

Frank Heiland, & Shirley H. Liu. (2005). Family Structure and Wellbeing of Out-of-Wedlock Children: the Significance of the Biological Parents' Relationship. Demographic Research 15, 61 -- 104.

Hipp, J.R. (2010). A Dynamic View of Neighborhoods: The Reciprocal Relationship between Crime and Neighborhood Structural Characteristics. Social Problems, 57(2), 205-230

Social Norm Experiment: Scenario 6 -- Facing the rong ay in an Elevator
Solomon Asch's Conformity Experiments during the 1950s demonstrated how much individual opinion and even perception of reality can be influenced by others (Gerrig & Zimbardo 2009, 577-579). In the original series of experiments, Asch tested subjects by presenting with a perceptual question that should have been very easy to identify the correct answer but within a group situation in which multiple confederates expressed confidence about the wrong answer. That experiment can be duplicated in many different settings and scenarios.

The reason I selected this particular scenario is that it involves one of the more subtle types of norm violations, as opposed to others that would seem to guarantee a reaction. To my mind, Asch's principle is best demonstrated by an experimental design that excludes other provocations for a response, such as invading someone else's space (e.g. standing too close…...

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When we got to the Lobby, I could tell that several people who were facing the wrong way were still looking over their shoulders to see if the doors at the front opened. That suggested they had never fully abandoned their initial perceptions of where the doors were even though they conformed to the behavior they observed in others. The mirrored walls also allowed me to see that almost everybody facing the wrong way was trying to compare the back wall to the actual doors by staring at them in the mirrors. I considered these results to have confirmed Asch's original results because it was clear to me that almost everyone in the group who followed my lead was consciously aware that the behavior they were following conflicted with their perceptions of reality.

Source Cited

Gerrig, R.J. And Zimbardo, P.G. (2009). Psychology and Life. Boston: Pearson.

Social Norm Violations
he Norm Violated: he norm was supposed to be about singing in appropriate places. I choose to sing on a public bus at about the time people were returning home (away from downtown) after work. I thought this might give me a different audience than at other times of the day. It seems reasonable that there is an expectation of the bus being an extension of privacy for some people as they go home, and thus they might not like being bothered as they travel. But as I did my project, I found that the norm wasn't that easy to isolate. here was just as likely an issue about singing badly and singing with and without the help of music technology that made the violation less clear. Was I being "punished" for singing or for singing badly even when I had a player that should have made me…...

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The Social Psychology: Normative values change over time and between social groups and circumstances. But what does it mean when technology gets into the act? Does it throw away the rules or change them? And does it allow for different people (those comfortable with technology) to have different social norms? If so (which I believe) this suggests that something unusual was happening on the bus. It appeared that the existence of the music player was establishing me as belonging in one group or not belonging in another (those going home from work), whose rules I was not following with or without music technology. I believe this evolution has come about because of the widespread existence of Karaoke and the flood of entertainment contests on TV that let people share their styles in very public ways. It may also be that technology and social networking is simply eliminating the idea of there being public social norms of privacy. The founder of Facebook thinks so. Others have a different take. In an older blog discussion from JOI ITO (2003) on "Which comes first, technology or social norms," the bloggers debate one person's point that technology seems to be making social norms fall behind. Others disagree, saying one cannot assume norms fall behind, but they can be baffled by what technology was doing to the norms. I think there is a willingness to allow people to use technology as a cover for what they do, but only in some ways and among some groups.

Johnson, B. (2010). Privacy no longer a social norm, says Facebook founder. The Guardian. As retrieved from  http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/jan/11/facebook-privacy 

JOI ITO, Which comes first, technology or social norms. (2003). As retrieved from  http://joi.ito.com/weblog/2003/12/30/which-comes-fir.html

Dining alone is unusual at a higher-end restaurant. Immediately, my jeans, sneakers and faded t-shirt drew whispered comment and stares from some diners. I was afraid I would not be admitted, but I had gone on a night when there were few diners, so I suppose the front-of-house staff though that a filled table was better than an empty table.
Again, I ordered a burger, fries, and shake. When the bread basket was placed in front of me while I waited for my order to come, I ate the bread like I do at home, spreading it with butter and making a sandwich of it, rather than breaking it in half. When my shake came, I slurped the straw, just like I do at home. People nearby did give me 'a look,' I noted, I think of disapproval or surprise. Most of the restaurant was populated by older couples, all…...

Violating Social Norm
People like to keep to themselves whenever they can, especially when they are in a situation where they have the option of being to themselves, by themselves. This implicit social norm applies when one goes onto an empty bus. If there are other seats available, one goes to the empty seat; one does not go and sit next to someone who is already there sitting down. It is just an unspoken implicit norm that one knows, and one knows this affects people by their reaction when one breaks this social norm and does the unthinkable: sit next to someone on the bus when every other seat around them is empty. This is exactly what I did as a way to violate this norm. For an entire day, on different bus lines, at various times of the day, and to an array of individuals, I sat next to them…...

social norms that individuals need to follow or are expected to follow at a dining table -- be it at home or in a public setting. These table etiquettes are both formal and non-formal in nature. The setting of dining often determines the etiquettes that are desired from individuals. For example, is one is dining at home, one is expected to follow lesser of the formal norms and etiquettes that are expected from the same individual while dining in public or during business meetings.
The reactions that are expected from others would include a set of norms and etiquettes that start with the proper use of cutlery like the proper use of forks, knives and spoons, use of proper eating etiquettes while having food like not making funny noises while eating and waiting till all are ready to start with lunch or dinner. For example, it is expected that an…...

Is there an example that might clarify or support the authors claim?Your comment regarding the development of strict, rule-based cultures to address threatening environments from outsiders is not simply true of national or religious cultures, but even subcultures of the kind that exist online, either through sharing fan fiction, social media websites, TikTok, and other forms of spontaneous sharing. However, although the culture may be informally regulated, there can also be a great deal of gatekeeping and infighting, perhaps because certain fandoms or subcultures are so niche in terms of the scope of the community. Paradoxically on one hand, Fan cultures are examples of participatory cultures. Participatory cultures involve fans acting not only as consumers but also as producers and creators of some form of creative media but on the other hand participatory cultures can still have rigorous formal enforcement (Fandom and participatory culture, n.d., par.1).Fan participation can be mercilessly…...

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References

Vedantam, S., Lu, T., Boyle, T., Schmidt, J., & Wahba, L. (2020, April 6). Playing tight and

Loose: How rules shape our lives. NPR.  https://www.npr.org/2020/04/06/828257385/playing-tight-and-loose-how-rules-shape-our-lives 

Conflict of social norms and its effect on school environment Social norms can be defined as the rules that determine what should be done or avoided by people in their social settings and circumstances. Norms make sure that people keep promises, ranging from the lane to drive on, to sticking by the golden rule. These are tools for explaining phenomena. They are used to analyze the state of the world even as great as international diplomacy or as subtle and ordinary as traffic rules. However, the body of knowledge regarding norms is spread across disciplines and traditions of research with unclear guidelines or consensus on the way the term should be put to use. Existing research on the subject has largely majored on the effects of the norms and the content of the same. By description, social norms cut across such disciplines as sociology, game theory, economics, and legal studies so…...

Social Psychological Experiment: Violating Social Norms
Most Americans place a high priority on their personal space as evidenced by how far people stand apart from each other in virtually any public setting. Indeed, most Americans will unconsciously gauge just how much space is available for their personal space -- even on crowded elevators -- and when this personal space is violated, many people will experience discomfort and even alarm. While the reactions may differ, it is reasonable to posit that most Americans will react to violations of their personal space in some fashion. To gain some additional insights into this phenomenon, this paper describes a social psychological experiment in which the researcher intentionally violated a common social norm by sitting next to other people in an uncrowded movie theater where other seating was readily available in order to gauge their reactions. A more complete description of the experiment is followed by…...

Additionally, Sociocultural theory assumes that individuals develop self-concepts through interaction with others, and we are influenced by culture and social processes, such as social norms. Social norms dictate that girls are more sensitive and boys are less emotional, thus further explaining the gender differences in the above case study.
The two predictions of how these interactions affect a child's development are: 1) if the child is treated with more love, intimacy, and talked to about feelings, the child will grow up being more sensitive to others and more open to discuss their feelings with others. If the child is taught not to respond to their feelings, or let their emotions guide them, the child will grow up to be less sensitive, more aggressive and less likely to discuss their feelings. Depending on treatment, a child may grow up to have negative qualities, such as violence or repressed anger.

These interactions can…...

As recent events in the Middle East have clearly demonstrated, Facebook is more on the side of the politically disadvantaged and the poor as they have increasingly embraced Facebook and other social media while the governments in the region tried to ban them. Many governments such as that of China do not allow Facebook primarily because they want to avert scenarios they have seen in the Middle East.
Facebook revolutions

It was in the wake of 2008 when Oscar Morales, a young man in Columbia, decided that he had had enough of FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia), a Marxist group which routinely kidnaps people, keeping them as hostages for months or years, while many of the hostages die in captivity. Angry and depressed by the actions of FARC, one night he turned to Facebook which he had been using to connect with his friends and high school classmates. He used…...

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Works Cited

Alexanian, Janet A.. "Eyewitness Accounts and Political Claims: Transnational Responses to the 2009 Postelection Protests in Iran." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 31.2 (2011): 425-442. Project MUSE. Web. 3 Oct. 2011. .

Burns, Alex and Ben Eltham, "Twitter free Iran: an evaluation of twitter's role in public diplomacy and information operations in Iran's 2009 election crisis," in Papandrea, Franco & Armstrong, Mark (Eds.). Record of the Communications Policy & Research Forum 2009. Sydney: Network Insight Institute. Web. 26 Nov. 2011 .

China, Walid. "The Facebook Revolution." New African 503 (2011): 24. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 26 Nov. 2011.

Eltahawy, Mona. "The Middle East's Generation Facebook." World Policy Journal 25.3 (2008): 69-77. Academic Search Premier. Web. 26 Nov. 2011.

There is a good case to be made for focusing on externalities and seeking to manage all of them in a social responsible manner, especially as the world becomes globalized and the key success drivers become relationships and information.
orks Cited:

Mintzberg, H. (1994). The rise and fall of strategic planning. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved May 16, 2010 from http://online.worcester.edu/external/evescio/Principles%20of%20Management/strategicplan.pdf

Friedman, M. (1971). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved May 16, 2010 from http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html

De Toni, a. & Tonchia, S. (2003). Strategic planning and firms' competencies: Traditional approaches and new perspectives. International Journal of Operations and Production Management. Vol. 23 (9) 947-976.

ettstein, F. (2010). For better or for worse: Corporate responsibility beyond "do no harm." Business Ethics Quarterly. Vol. 20 (2) 275-283.

Peng, M., ang, D. & Yi, J. (2009). An institution-based view of international business strategy: A focus on emerging economies. Journal of International…...

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Works Cited:

Mintzberg, H. (1994). The rise and fall of strategic planning. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved May 16, 2010 from  http://online.worcester.edu/external/evescio/Principles%20of%20Management/strategicplan.pdf 

Friedman, M. (1971). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved May 16, 2010 from  http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html 

De Toni, a. & Tonchia, S. (2003). Strategic planning and firms' competencies: Traditional approaches and new perspectives. International Journal of Operations and Production Management. Vol. 23 (9) 947-976.

Wettstein, F. (2010). For better or for worse: Corporate responsibility beyond "do no harm." Business Ethics Quarterly. Vol. 20 (2) 275-283.

Psychological studies have confirmed 'altruistic behavior' can be elicited in people. 'Peer Pressure' could also be utilized as an effective psychological tool in reducing resource consumption and in promoting other healthy environmental practices. [Center for Naturalism] A case in point is the Chinese governments 'Grain to Green' Program that offered cash incentives to farmers to convert marginal farmlands to forests. As Alan Tessier, program director in the National Science Foundation (NSF) says, "Much of the marginal cropland in rural communities has been converted from agriculture to forests through the Grain-to-Green Program, one of the largest 'payment for ecosystem services' programs in the world," "Results of this study show that a community's social norms have substantial impacts on the sustainability of these conservation investments." [ScienceDaily] uilding this collective self-control at the community, national and international level holds the key to the success of an environmentally sustainable future. Motivated and environmentally…...

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Bibliography

1) Su-Houn Liu, Yu-Hsieh Sung & Hsiu-Li Liao (2006), 'Developing Sustainable Digital Opportunity: The Case of Lalashan DOWEB Model', Issues in Information Systems,

Volume VII, No. 1, 2006, retrieved Dec 30th 2009, from  http://www.iacis.org/iis/2006_iis/PDFs/Liu_Sung_Liao.pdf 

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3) John Vidal, (2009), 'Rich Nations to Offset Emissions with Birth Control', retrieved Dec 30th 2009, from  http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/dec/03/carbon-offset-projects-climate-change

Social psychology is the study of human behavior in social situations, showing how social pressures and sociological variables can impact psychological phenomenon such as identity, motivation, personality, or behavior. A quintessential topic in the field of social psychology is bullying. Bullying can be studied from a public health perspective, showing how the external variables such as how a school is designed and the leadership and organizational culture of the school affects risk factors implicated in bullying behaviors or victimization patterns. Alternatively, bullying can be examined from a purely psychological perspective to reveal the factors implicated in aggressive physical or verbal behaviors or alternatively, to study victim characteristics or why some bystanders refuse to step in when they observe bullying behaviors. This latter issue links in with the social psychology approach. The social psychology of bullying examines factors like why some people perpetrate bullying behaviors due to their upbringing, their sense…...

It was originally established in the early 19th century by Auguste Comte who tried to unify history, psychology and economics through an understanding of society as a broad paradigm. Emile Durkheim took this a bit further and focused on the way societies could maintain a sort of integrity within the modern work where past cultural trends (religion, ethnicity, etc.) were no longer the singular part of society. His view, which has become the modern view of sociology, surrounded questions of what binds individuals together as a formal group (society) and what happens to this group both collectively and for the individual. This is a broad discipline as well, and clearly an academic response to the modern age (industrialization, urbanization, secularization, etc.). The field looks at social rules, the way those rules were formed, and the way that individuals coalesce into groups, communities, institutions, and even powerful social organizations that…...

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Works Cited

American Anthropological Association. (2012, January). What is Anthropology. Retrieved from aaanet.org:  http://www.aaanet.org/about/WhatisAnthropology.cfm 

Backhouse, R., & Fontaine, P. (Eds.). (2010). The History of the Social Sciences Since 1945. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Bernard, H. (2011). Research Methods in Anthropology. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press.

Fernald, L. (2008). Psychology: Six Perspectives. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

The five distributive bargaining methods (recognize the situation, set a reservation price, use bracketing, use common social norms, and learn the role of framing) can be found here: http://www.prenhall.com/behindthebook/0131868667/pdf/CarrellCh03final.pdf To buy a house, you would use these to first realize that a house purchase is something that is generally open to negotiation. Very few people who sell their homes aren't willing to negotiate the price or other terms. Before you make an offer, determine a price you're willing to pay - and one you will not go above, even by a penny. Then, start with a price (offer) below that amount.....

The topic of violence is a broad one because violence is persuasive in our society, there are competing theories about the causes of violence, and violence begins to impact people at a very young age.  According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, there are eight types of violence children may be exposed to or experience: bullying, child maltreatment, community violence, domestic and intimate partner violence, school violence, sexual abuse and sexual violence, sex trafficking, and teen dating violence. These different types of violence not only impact children, but also adults in the community,....

One of the interests that I have is in helping victims of childhood sexual abuse.  I became interested in this area by accident.  As a middle-school child, I had a friend express suicidal ideations to me and relayed them to my parent.  The friend’s parents got them into a treatment program, but also removed them from our school.  Feeling as if I had betrayed their confidence, the friend ended communication with me.  It was years later, in an unrelated way, that I learned that there were several warning signs of childhood sexual abuse in their home.  When....

1. The Impact of School Uniforms on Student Behavior and Academic Performance

Explore the ways in which uniforms influence student behavior, including reducing distractions, fostering a sense of equality, and promoting discipline.
Examine the potential effects of uniforms on academic performance, such as improved focus, reduced tardiness, and increased attendance.

2. The Role of School Uniforms in Creating a Positive and Inclusive School Environment

Discuss how uniforms can help create a level playing field for students from diverse backgrounds, reducing socioeconomic disparities and fostering a sense of belonging.
Analyze the ways in which uniforms can promote a more positive school climate....