Social Security Essays Examples Essays (Examples)

("Canada Social Security and Welfare," 2012) (Aaron, 1999) (Livingston, 2007)
This is different from Social Security as these areas are not covered. Any kind of assistance for health care would fall under other programs (i.e. Medicare and Medicaid). However, these are only designed to protect those individuals who meet the age and income requirements. To provide assistance for low income families, this would fall under the WIC program (which is used in conjunction with the states). ("Canada Social Security and Welfare," 2012) (Aaron, 1999) (Livingston, 2007)

Moreover, someone who is disabled (in Canada) is eligible to receive long-term care assistance and additional income. Anyone who is laid off and facing financial challenges are provided with a monthly income. Also, there is additional help offered, to someone over the age of 65 years old (who needs extra monthly income). These different programs are paid for from the tax revenues that are…

Social security is financed with the idea that those people currently working, along with their employers, can donate enough money to pay the benefits to those currently getting them: not only retired people but some people with disabilities, and some widows with young children. When Social Security first began, this system worked well. The problem facing Social security is that the numbers of retirees are going to increase at the same time the numbers of workers will decrease. When Social Security began, there were five workers for every one person receiving benefits. Current projections, however, suggest that by 2030 that ratio will be three to one. y 2080, it is expected to shrink to two to one (Reynolds, PAGE). This system, called "Pay as You Go," will eventually be unable to provide all the funds needed to make payouts to individuals, and will essentially be bankrupt.
Several solutions have been…

Slow the growth of traditional Social Security benefits for middle- and upper-class Americans. The benefits of the wealthiest Americans (those who earn more than $100,000 a year) would grow "only" at the rate of inflation.
In this way nobody would suffer a true cut -- even the richest Social Security recipients would be guaranteed at least the same, inflation-adjusted level of benefits today's retirees receive. Meanwhile, because benefits for the poorest Americans would remain tied to wages, we'd ensure that they receive proportionally higher benefits in years to come (Feulner).

Personal Retirement Accounts (PRAs) would let all workers invest a portion of their payroll taxes into personal accounts they would own and control. They would be similar to an IRA, except workers would be investing their own tax money, and they would have only a handful of safe bond and mutual funds to invest in. At retirement, a worker could…

In 1940, an amendment to the BNA was passed, followed by the first institution of unemployment insurance in Canada. The Marsh eport offered a comprehensive social security plan for Canada that included old age pensions paid for by employment taxes, as well as a public health plan. The Canadian Social Security system continued to grow, subject to the political whims of the time, until the 1970s. After this time, reforms were called for, as the system was growing too expensive (the Canadian Encyclopedia).
Both the Canadian Social Security system and the United States Social Security system currently face the problem of rising costs and increased spending. According to United North America, the United States publicly spends 1.8% more than Canada on Social Security and related programs than Canada, with Social Security comprising 6% of the U.S. budget as compared to 4.2% of the Canadian budget (United North America). Does this…

Social Security Crisis
While the United States does not provide a pension and health care for all its citizens as some countries do, we do have a program designed to make sure that all our older retired workers have some money on which to live. Called Social Security, it also provides money to people who are so disabled before retirement age that they cannot work, and (depending on the age of the children), widows and mothers of covered workers who die before the children are grown (Toner, PAGE). One factor in American history that contributed to the establishment of Social Security was the Great Depression of the 1930's, which wiped out many people's savings and left them in severe economic distress.

PROLEM

While the great majority of Americans are in favor of Social Security, it no longer works well as it was first organized. The problem stems from shifts in…

Social Security
Since its inception, the Social Security system has provided benefits to augment the income of people upon their retirement. However, current projections point to a crisis in Social Security. Experts believe that by 2038, the Social Security trust fund will have been depleted (illiamson).

This paper presents an overview of the current social security crisis and evaluates the plans to address this problem. The first part of the paper provides a history of the Social Security system, from its inception in 1935 to its current status under the federal government.

The next part then studies how the Social Security system is funded. In the final part, the paper studies the problems facing many retirees who stand to be adversely affected by the Social Security deficit. It looks at the pitfalls of privatization and other methods now being used to address the problem, such as proposed tax credits, simplifying…

Social Security System
How does one earn a living wage during economic hardship? Certainly, earning a living wage is the mainstay of a decent standard of living for most working age Americans and their families. However, Social Security, the nation's largest family protection program, is in much need of improvement. "America's most popular and successful social program, Social Security provides a steady, reliable income for 45 million elderly and disabled workers of all races and income levels, as well as for many of their dependents and those of deceased workers"(Hendley and ilimoria). efore Social Security was enacted, organized business and Republicans bitterly opposed it. For example, Congressman John Taber (R-NY) said, "Never before in the history of the world has any measure been brought in here so insidiously designed as to prevent business recovery, enslave workers and to prevent any possibility of employers providing work for the people" (Hendley and…

Social Security Today
The History of Social Security: What it is and How it Works

The Social Security system was established in 1935 by President Roosevelt in order to provide some form of economic security to the elderly. The first world war and the following world wide economic depression had left many elderly people without a support system. This insecurity, along with the general economic turmoil of the era, led to many radical movements calling for state-sponsored pensions and aid for the helpless. One of the most popular programs, which almost replaced the Social Security program, called for a national sales tax to provide pensions. (DeWitt) However, the program finally put in place functioned instead by creating a flat tax on worker income, which created "credits" that would later give that worker benefits comparable to his income. Social security did not actually address the needs of those who were already…

Social Security
There are huge differences between Social Security and privatization. As this paper will discuss, Social Security is more than just an investment strategy. It is a guarantee to all citizens that they won't be subjected to the dire economic consequences resulting from inadequate income to save for retirement, failed investment strategies, and untimely death or a disability. These reasons require that Social Security remain in tact to protect Americans who have worked their entire lives from poverty.

Social Security guarantees working and retired Americans and their families economic stability that helps to keep them out of poverty; privatization does not. This is because Social Security shares risk across the entire workforce to ensure that all workers and their families are protected from old age, disability, and death. Privatizing Social Security retirement benefits would enable high-wage workers to reap gains from private retirement investment without having to help protect…

Increase payroll taxes.

This is seen to increase the cash-flows in the Social Security thus can lessen the cash needs of the organization to meet its services to its program members.

Increase the Limit on Taxable Earnings

Increasing the limit on taxable earnings could similarly increase payroll taxes that in turn will increase inbound cash flows in Social Security.

Increase Taxation of the Benefits

Again, this means that an increase in tax paid by the workers could increase the inbound cash-flows in Social Security, thus providing them with an increased cash sources.

aise the etirement Age.

aising the retirement age would mean providing the Social Security with more period to use and grow its finances.

Change Investment Procedures

The way that the Social Security invests its finances may have flaws. Thus, changing and improving its investment procedures may provide better revenues.

Will the Proposed Changes Work?

Some of the proposed…

Social Security and Healthcare
In the United States, Social Security, along with private pensions and personal savings, form the traditional "three legged stool" of economic security for elderly and retired Americans. Already, many problems are emerging both the inadequacies of this system to provide for a person's needs. Similarly, there are also problems regarding the infusion of and generating funds for Social Security.

In the recent years, a fourth component has emerged as a necessary factor to human well being - health coverage. The growing need for health coverage not just among retired people but across the board as well are further taxing an already overburdened social insurance system.

This paper focuses on the problems of the current social insurance system with regards to providing comprehensive healthcare for all Americans.

It examines the need to incorporate healthcare not just for retired persons, but also for poor families whose needs may…

Social Security Administration (SSA) is an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with administering the Social Security. The Social Security is a social insurance program that consists of retirement, disability, and survivors benefits. For a person to qualify for the program benefits, they must remit Social Security taxes. The employees' contributions determine all benefits. The SSA was established in August 14, 1935 as the Social Security Board. SSB was renamed to SSA in July 16, 1946. SSA was an independent agency when it was established, but in 1939, it became a sub-cabinet agency. It remained in this status until 1995 when it regained its independent status. The current commissioner for the SSA is Carolyn W. Colvin (Acting) who succeeded Michael J. Astrue. She was sworn in on February 14, 2013. Social Security is considered the largest social welfare program that constitutes of 37% of the United…

I think that Social Security will still be here for me, though, because I don't see how the President and the Congress could let something that is so necessary for so many people just disappear. I believe that this is part of the reason that President Bush wants to change Social Security so that people can invest part of that money into other things. Doing this would take some of the Social Security burden off of the government and still let people have enough money to survive on when they retire. Even though Social Security doesn't always pay a lot to these older people, for some of them it is all that they have. While I think Social Security, at least in some form, will still be here for me, I also think that I might want to look into how I can save money and invest money in other…

Social Security can be an effective tool in public personnel administration and can benefit common American a great deal if used effectively. Therefore it is imperative to look into the future prospects of the programs and remove loopholes and bottlenecks in its future implementation.
Future

Under the Social Security plan government is collecting more money today then it is paying out as benefits to citizens. The surplus money remains safe in trust fund. However, the future situation seems troublesome due to various issues and reasons. "Social Security gradually expanded from its inception through the early 1980s by increasing benefits and coverage for various groups. To pay for those modifications, payroll tax rates and the maximum earnings ceiling have been steadily raised. Now the Social Security trust funds are in long-term financial imbalance, and benefit cuts and more payroll tax rate increases seem inevitable if Americans are to retain the important…

Social Security
Company Network Security Policy

This paper is intended to address the importance of having a written and enforceable Computer Network Security Policy for The Financial Group, an accounting corporation. The company's accounting systems comprise three major elements: a eb-based front-end server, a back-end database, and business-logic applications. OS-level console access is used for system administration. Accountants access the system with eb browsers using HTTP only and are authenticated via the HTTP basic authentication mechanism.

Network Security Policy Components

Network security is the most critical element of The Financial Group's IT security program. This security policy identifies the rules and procedures that all persons accessing computer resources must adhere to in order to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and resources.

Security Definition: This security policy is intended to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and resources through the use of effective and established IT…

Individuals would have a choice in their retirement plan and would essentially own their own Social Security benefits, as opposed to the current system that finds middle aged families hoping to see their welfare checks upon retirement. his mere fact would certainly lead to an increase in morale throughout the working class community. However, there are drawbacks that must be considered as well. Most importantly, the cost and maintenance of overhauling such a large system is daunting. Both government officials and taxpayers may see an increased burden as the scope of social security benefits is broadened. While workers would have a choice to invest in a personal retirement account, this leads to more responsibility being places on the workers who will receive the payout. hat dynamic has its own set of risks and rewards.
he shift to a personal retirement account cannot happen overnight, nor is it a decision that…

Social Security Reform
Can Social Security Be Reformed?

Doing nothing to fix our Social Security system will cost us, as well as our children and grandchildren, an estimated $10.4 trillion, according to the Social Security Trustees. The longer we wait to take action, the more difficult and expensive the changes will be. -- hite House Press Release, January 11, 2005

Today, Social Security is the largest of all government programs and has represented the primary basis of economic support for millions of Americans, including retired persons, disabled persons, and family members of workers who have retired, become disabled or who died for 70 years (hat is Social Security? 2005). The programs administered by the Social Security Administration have unquestionably contributed to the economic well-being of the United States in the past, but many observers are questioning whether there will be anything left in the system after the baby boomers get…

Social Security System
Social security reforms

Social Security Reform

In recent years, social security reform has emerged to be more of a political issue than a social concern and it is within the public domain that through the National Commission on Fiscal Responsibility and Reform commissioned by President Obama in 2010, there has been a heightened congressional interest in this matter. This commission was charged with the responsibility of coming up with recommendations on how to improve the long-term fiscal outlook that was to incorporate transformation to the Social Security programs. This paper deliberates on range of thoughts for reforms ranging from moderately insignificant reforms through to the pay as you go social insurance system which was put in place way back in 1930s to the modernized system based on personal savings as well as investment models. It will also look at proponents of the deep-seated dissimilar moves toward reform…

Social Security Administration
In 1935, Social Security was designed as a program to provide a safety net for those who are disabled and as supplemental retirement income. When it was first introduced, it was designed based upon the total amount of individual earnings during their career. As time went by, the program was expanded to include spouses, the children of those who are deceased and the disabled. These transformations meant that Social Security was no longer linked exclusively to an individual's lifetime earnings. Instead, it became focused on other factors such as marriage or permanent disabilities. This paper focuses on what is happening and it troubleshoots critical challenges.

Summarize the key issues confronting your selected organization after conducting and writing your situational assessment. Be sure to discuss the extent to which you think the organization is facing a "dire situation" or a "stable, unchanging situation."

The situation with Social Security…

Social Security
The Original Concept of Social Security

The concept of social security as originally conceived by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt was that Americans should enjoy security at home, and they should expect to have a secure livelihood, and they should also have social insurance as "…a minimum of the promise that we can offer to the American people" (Houser, et al., 2014). The President also said, on June 8, 1934, that a social security program would provide relief and recovery from the Great Depression, and would help people reconstruct their lives, Houser writes on page 150.

It should be explained that at the time Roosevelt was elected there were millions of Americans that were financially destitute, especially older Americans. Houser writes that about half of Americans older than 55 years of age "…were destitute and unemployed with little hope of changing their situation" (150). On June 28, 1934, Roosevelt's…

"
Meantime, a group called "Progress for America Voter Fund," an advocacy group that is part of the epublican Party, is spending $2 million on TV ads (one-minute spots) promoting the Bush Social Security reform project. "Some people say Social Security is not in trouble, just like some thought the titanic was unsinkable," the ads state. The commercial also says that "if nothing is done," Social Security will "go bankrupt."

Progress for America" spent millions of dollars promoting Bush's reelection campaign, according to an article in the New York Times (Justice, 2005). The current commercial, which opens "with a scene of a fog-shrouded iceberg," will run on "national cable channels for weeks," the Times' piece stated.

The Democrats have countered with ads of their own, according to the Associated Press (aum, 2005) on Sunday, March 13. The Democrats call Bush's proposal to privatize Social Security "a risky privatization scheme." The…

WEEK 4 ASSIGNMENTWeek 4 Assignment: The Exclusion of Health Insurance from the Social Security ActFrom the onset, it would be prudent to note that the Social Security Act was signed into a data-href=' law ' class ='4' style ='color:#000;text-decoration: underline!important;' id='custom' target='_blank' href='https://www.paperdue.com/topic/law-essays'>law/a> on the 14th of August in 1935 (Dobelstein, 2009). Then said act has been hailed as a significant historical development with the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities - CBPP (2020) terming it one of the nations most successful, effective, and popular programs. As CBPP (2020) further points out, the act had a wide range of provisions that were specifically instrumental in the advancement of not only life insurance, but also disability insurance protection. Dobelstein (2009) is categorical that there are numerous momentous provisions in the act. According to Dobelstein (2009), the most instrumental provisions in the act could be condensed as follows: (1) Federal aid…

Federal Government Policy Program: Social Security Introduction
It should be noted, from the onset, that the federal government has in place a number of programmes and policies to enable it accomplish its various obligations and objectives in diverse sectors of the economy. In basic terms, the said programmes and policies are meant to promote the wellbeing of citizens. To a large extent each and every economic sector has specific/special policies. Examples of federal government policy programs include, but they are not limited to energy independence, welfare, Social Security, healthcare programs, etc. This text concerns itself with Social Security. In so doing, it will amongst other things evaluate the said policy with an intention of establishing how successful it has been.
Social Security Platforms
According to the Social Security Administration – SSA (2020), Social Security has for the past 80 years advanced financial protection to citizens of the U.S. Indeed, according…

Social Security was instituted with the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935. It was signed into law by President oosevelt as a means of providing a social safety net for retirees. The passage of Social Security occurred during the depths of the Great Depression. Prior to this, the concept of social security did not exist in the U.S. -- you either worked until you died, or you retired when you were wealthy enough to do so. Social Security is run by the Social Security Administration, which also administers Medicare as part of the system. Social Security is theoretically self-funding. In 1937, the first taxes were collected to finance the Social Security system. Workers pay into the Social Security system via a payroll tax. According to the SSA's website, general tax revenues have never funded Social Security to any meaningful extent, implying that the program is self-funding through these…

Social Security
A proposal to change the program

educing Benefits: This can be done in various ways. Monthly benefits can be reduced by minimizing cost of living adjustments or by minimizing the primary insurance amount (PIA) for a certain average indexed monthly earnings (AIME). Other proposals include targeting reductions towards high-income retirees. Benefits can also be reduced by increasing the retirement age or imposing full taxes on social security benefits. These benefit reduction proposals are some of the simplest and cheapest to implement. If future clients expect lower benefits, they are expected to save more or work longer; all of which will have a positive effect on the economy (Midgley, 2006).

Complete privatization: one of the radical proposals is to erase the social security system and encourage individuals to save in their accounts held by private investment companies. Owners of accounts will have great discretion over their decision of investment…

Social Security program. The wrier explores what the program is and what problems it faces. In addition, the writer explains how the services work and what role social workers play in the program. The writer then wraps it up with a discussion about changes that are needed and what the writer would like to see implemented.
Each month the social security office prepares and mails out millions of social security checks to those who are eligible. Many people believe that social security is a program only designed to assist the elderly who have retired but it has several other purposes and programs that assist those who are eligible (Facts about Social Security benefits http://www.epinet.org/content.cfm/issueguide_socialsecurityfacts).

For one to explore and analyze the program, one first needs to understand the program completely.

Several of President Bush's ideas also seem to be feasible methods to improve the current system as well.

"When Social…

Social Security
ecommendations to Change Social Security in United States of America

Social Security is one of the major federal programs prevalent in the United States of America. It is a collective insurance system by which retired and disabled workers, their family members, and family members of the dead employees are paid benefits. The total number of Social Security beneficiaries till 2009 were 52.5 million. Approximately 156.3 million workers were covered by Social Security in 2010 (Nuschler, 2010).

In the past, the Social Security system has faced financial deficits. In 1977 and 1983, a number of measures were endorsed by the Congress to address the monetary imbalance of the system. Those actions consisted of "constraints on the growth of initial benefit levels, a gradual increase in the full retirement age from 65 to 67 (i.e., the age at which unreduced benefits are first payable), payroll tax increases, taxation of benefits…

Social Security Privatization is a Bad Idea
It is possible to use a Toulmin-based argument structure to help explain why privatizing Social Security would negatively impact both the results as well as the effectiveness of the program itself. Using this structure, the argument is broken down into six separate sub-headings as it is discussed further.

Claim:

Social Security should be left in the hands of the U.S. Government and not be privatized.

Grounds

There is much proof that privatizing Social Security would lead to a less effective and efficient system. This social safety net program was originally based on the idea that people would claim their benefits at the age of 62 after working and contributing to the resource pool their entire lives. In the 1930's, when Social Security was first implemented, not as many people lived long enough to claim their benefits or didn't live long enough to claim…

This program was the A's initial responsibility and remains its largest single one, consuming 44% of the effort of its workforce.
The ocial ecurity Administration understands that it is fraught with faults. Its culpability is clear and the agency admits that it "did not do as good a job as we should have" when it came to monitoring I funds. In 1994 Commissioner Chater in her testimony before Congress acknowledged the problems and said that the public "has a right to expect that those disabled by substance addictions will not simply continue on the disability payment rolls without taking responsibility for themselves." For this reason, states have been order to tighten their candidate screening in order to ensure that only the deserving get benefits of A.

A faces many new challenges as well. The biggest however will still be ineligible candidates getting benefits. It has also been seen that many…

It would be nonsensical to take away Social Security, as the program, for all of its flaws, gives the government the ability to tax wage earners in support of the program. If this tax revenue is stopped, and the government still has to provide for those in need as it surely will do without Social Security in place, an attempt to solve one problem will be replaced with a much larger crisis.
eplacement of Social Security with a privatized system is a popular remedy for phasing out Social Security, but this is an unlikely scenario, given the fact that private accounts would only create a feeding frenzy among Wall Street power brokers to collect huge commissions on financial transactions, while the account holders are left with nothing (Baker, 1998). The bottom line is that ending Social Security is unlikely and impractical.

Conclusion/ecommendations

In conclusion, as has been shown, from a…

Social Security Administration Strategic Plan
Social Security Administration

Written below is a prelude to Social Security Administration strategy plan. The prelude consists of size, history, location, reason for creation, core areas explored and other relevant roles. The plan is basically aimed at working along with examples taken from federal agencies and to assess the analytical thinking skills of students as well.

Size/Locations:

At present, what is the size of the organization? At present, it has around 75,000 employees, both state and federal. The plan consists of increasing the number of employees to 100,000 (Social Security Administration). With 1,500 offices, the field organization is capable of nationwide network service. There are 10 regional offices, 8 processing centers, around 1,250 field officers, 30 Teleservice Centers, 5 National Hearing Centers, 169 hearing offices, the Appeals Council, Baltimore, Maryland Headquarters and National Care Assistance Center (Social Security Administration). Plans are underway to increase the…

Social Security
Summarized Goals 1-5: Fundamental improvements in platform cybersecurity; website UI and UX; easier access to accurate and comprehensive information by phone or through digital portals; increased emphasis on beneficiary-centric information; communication and services; and improved customer service on all channels.

INPUTS

ACTIVITIES

What SS Invests

What SS Does

Who SS Reaches

Short-term Results

Intermediate Results

Long-term Results

Accurate data and relevant information

Timely delivery of information (currently constrained by the evolution of technology platforms and website build-out)

Safeguards against fraud

Provides timely, accurate information to the beneficiaries and others

Protects the database from cybercrime and digital data breaches

Provide benefits according to the legal parameters and calculations to those who qualify

To establish access to data and information via several secure channels (mail, physical offices, phone, and online)

Beneficiaries who are of full retirement age (FRA)

Beneficiaries who are retiring early

Veterans who are beneficiaries

Widows and widowers…

Privatizing Social Security
Social security can be generally defined as a program that provides social protection or protection against conditions that are socially recognized to workers and their dependents. Such social conditions include old age, poverty, disability, and unemployment. This program is funded by the social security tax.

In most industrialized economies and a good portion of developing countries the postwar period has been spent to dramatically expand the pay-as-you-go social security programs that already existed. Although this expansion has led to a reduction of poverty rates among the elderly, it has as well led to the tremendous redistribution of sums from young and future generations, as a group, to simultaneous older generations, as a group (Altig and Gokhale, p.03). The mechanism that causes the redistribution to the initial elderly is clear. A bonus is received by the generations that are retired or close to retirement when an increment on…

Also, this should be seen as a short-term solution for people who are temporarily out of jobs in the U.S. And not as a long-term means to living comfortably.
Social Security Benefits

Social security benefits help many elderly and disabled people to live a reasonable life. In 2010, more than 53 million Americans received social security benefits that amount to a whopping $703 billion. Out of these, 34 million retired workers accounted for $40 billion and $1.7 billion went to 2.9 dependents of retired workers at an average amount of $1,170 per month. The eight million disabled workers and their $1.9 billion dependents received an average of $1,065 per month and this amounted to $8.5 billion and $0.6 billion respectively. The remaining $6.3 billion went to 6.4 million survivors at an average monthly benefit of $1,129. (Social Security Administration USA, 2010).

The Social Security Administration of the U.S. estimates that…

It becomes more and more likely that by the middle of this century, all those hard-earned dollars that today's twenty- and thirty-year-olds have paid into Social Security will simply not be there.
Privatizing social security ensures the post-baby boomers that their money will be there for them when they retire. It takes the control out of the government's hands, which has notoriously not been the best financial advisor in history, and places in the hands of the individuals who earned it. In addition, eventually, it will reduce the expenses of the Social Security Administration as more and more workers no longer have to rely on the system. In addition, it puts money into the U.S. economy, not sitting stagnant in the U.S. treasury.

Disadvantages of President Bush's Plan:

Both aspberry (2005) and Weisman and White (2005) see one major flaw in the President's plan. The future scenarios that lead to…

Future of Social Security
The office of Social Security makes the current attitude of the administration clear: "Social Security was never meant to be the sole source of income in retirement. It is often said that a comfortable retirement is based on a three-legged stool of Social Security, pensions and savings. American workers should be saving for their retirement on a personal basis and through employer-sponsored or other retirement plans," and not simply rely on Social Security. The F& Q. section of the website also adds that "more than 30 countries, including ritain, Australia and Sweden, have established versions of personal accounts," in response to these nation's rapidly aging demography (F& Q. Website, 2005)

ut Democrats say that the current president's idea of cutting future benefits on a sliding scale -- " with low-income workers seeing no change, middle-income workers seeing some reductions and the wealthiest sustaining the hardest hit"…

Federal
Social Security is one of the strongest federal social welfare programs in the United States. Initiated as part of Franklin Delano oosevelt's New Deal, Social Security kick-started a revolution in federalism that characterized the twentieth century. Prior to New Deal reforms, federal powers were kept largely in check. Social Security was, and still is, challenged on constitutional grounds because of the way its parameters allow for a strong federal government. Social Security raises issues of federalism, in its use of federal resources, funding and power. Moreover, Social Security precludes states from opting out. This essay will analyze the overall effectiveness of Social Security, as determined by the overall goal of the policy in promoting social welfare. The thesis is that in spite of some weaknesses and presumptions, Social Security remains consistent with the constitutional framework of federalism.

When President oosevelt backed Social Security, the policy was a direct response…

SSA Status eport
The author of this report has been asked to do an analysis of the Social Security program as it exists in the United States. First, there will be a look at how Social Security was initially envisioned and planned by President Franklin Delano oosevelt. Second, there will be an analysis done of what is projected to happen with Social Security over the next twenty to thirty years. Third, the author of this report will provide two recommendations that will help improve the viability and existence of Social Security over the next generation. Finally, there will be an evaluation of how these recommendations can be implemented given the contentious political environment that exists right now. While petty fights and demagoguery will surely get in the way, the Social Security system is in bad long-term shape and needs to be properly fixed and adjusted immediately.

Analysis

According to a…

Judicial Philosophy of the Supreme Court
Judicial philosophy is a concept that refers to the way judges understand and interpret the law in relation to the specific cases they are handling. This concept emerges from the fact that while laws are universal and broad, they need to be applied to specific cases based on the judge's understanding and interpretation of the law as well as the unique circumstances surrounding the case. The two most common judicial philosophies of the Supreme Court are judicial activism and judicial restraint, which have influenced various cases including Gore vs. Bush (2000) and Obergefell vs. Hodges (2015). Judicial activism refers to a philosophy in which judges depart from conventional precedents to adopt new, progressive social policies whereas judicial restraint is a philosophy in which judges limit the exercise of their own authority (Bendor, 2011).

Judicial activism of the Supreme Court influenced cases like Gore vs.…

Strategic Plan for the Social Security Administration
social security administration is an institution created with the aim of ensuring that workers have a secure future when they retire. The organization pools funds from the people through the check-off system where the employees and other citizens are deducted some amount from their salary automatically. The practice was adopted when it was realized that some people encountered some problems when remitting the money. It also ensured that they live a comfortable life once the income streams from salary have been deducted (Ware, 2011). The same is done in order to ensure that people who have always had challenges to the status of their economy. This paper discusses the strategic plan of the social security administration with respect to making the work go on smoothly. In this study, the possibility of growing the organization to better levels is also analyzed. The paper also…

115). Congress certainly has the sole right to enact the legislation with which administrative agencies must comply. Moreover, the Congress has an oversight function, and it can and does react when people respond negatively to administrative actions, as occurred in the SSI and disability review examples (Derthick, p.153). Of course, the Court system is the major overseer in the United States. Derthick maintains that courts and administrative agencies perform sufficiently similar roles, making their potential for conflict great (Derthick, p.131). Both courts and administrative agencies are tasked with filling in statutes, but courts are generalists while administrators are specialists, making conflict between their decisions almost inevitable (Derthick, p.131). Moreover, courts may interpret laws differently in different jurisdictions, meaning that a single federal agency could ostensibly have to meet several different federal guidelines (Derthick, p.131). In both the SSI and the review scenarios, court involvement complicated the agency's task, with some…

President George Bush has recently won reelection as the President of the United States. While he has remained clear and concise on many of his political stances, his position on Social Security has been one of at least marginal variation. His overall belief that the Social Security system should be reworked has not altered, but his position on the best way to do that seems to have changed from month to month. This paper will follow statements from President Bush since November of last year through the election, and will show that while his overall ideas have remained stable, the details of those ideas have changed.
It is important to note that the issue of Social Security reform is not new to President Bush. As early as July of 2000, President Bush was redesigning the Social Security system, beginning to introduce ideas of how to revamp the system to provide…

A system possesses authenticity when the information retrieved is what is expected by the user -- and that the user is correctly identified and cannot conceal his or her identity. Methods to ensure authenticity include having user names and secure passwords, and even digital certificates and keys that must be used to access the system and to prove that users 'are who they say they are.' Some highly secure workplaces may even use biological 'markings' like fingerprint readers (Introduction, 2011, IBM).

Accountability means that the source of the information is not anonymous and can be traced. A user should not be able to falsify his or her UL address or email address, given the requirements of the system. "Non-repudiation is a property achieved through cryptographic methods which prevents an individual or entity from denying having performed a particular action related to data... Through the use of security-related mechanisms, producers and…

social workers find themselves in the position of being primary care coordinators. This is especially true in situations like the Parker family's, in which there are multiple interrelated issues affecting the family and those issues require input from a wide variety of diverse healthcare workers. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) stresses the importance of developing and maintaining cross-disciplinary partnerships and partnerships across different organizations that can "enhance access to and continuity of care for social work clientele," (p. 33). Therefore, the most important thing to address whether in public policy or administrative procedure is to have protocols and standards in place for coordinating care across various disciplines and agencies.
The Parker family is dealing with several interrelated issues that include mental health issues but also gerontological ones. More effective coordination of care would help increase and improve access to mental health services for Stephanie while also addressing Sara's…

(Huff, Social ork, 2000, Chapter 1, p.3)
Private efforts were not enough to treat the ills caused by the unchecked capitalism of the Gilded Age, however, an age that brought tremendous wealth to some Americans and tremendous poverty to others. During the first depression occasioned by this split between the haves and the have-nots in 1890, private relief organizations could not cope. "In Mulberry Bend, the heart of the Italian district, one-third of all babies born in 1888 died before their first birthdays. Traditional agencies such as the Children's Aid Society and the Salvation Army were overwhelmed, incapable of meeting the demands placed on their services." (Huff, Social ork, 2000, Chapter 1, p.4) "The old shibboleths commonly accepted as the major causes of poverty, low character, indolence, and intemperance, were replaced with more systemic theories," that sought economic and social causes as the cure, rather than moral reform. (Huff, Social…

Security Sector eform
Overview of the relevant arguments regarding Security Sector reform

The objective of security sector reform has to take care of the threats to the security of the state and the safety of its citizens. These arise often from the situation within the state and military responses may not be suitable. This leads on to an analysis of the government. The second article talks in a wider, more theoretical and less action oriented tone. It says that "existing constitutional frameworks have been used to maintain status quo than promote change." This much is certainly true and it is true not only of the countries with a security problem, but also of even United States wherein recently a justice of the Supreme Court was appointed, though she had no experience of being a judge, but she was a friend of the Chief Executive of the country. There are and…

Security Audit for FX Hospital EH/EM Systems
The study carries out the security audits for the FX Hospital EH/EM information systems to identify the vulnerabilities in the systems. The study uses the BackTrack as an auditing tool to penetrate the website, and outcomes of the auditing reveal that the website is not secure and can be subject to different vulnerabilities. After carrying out the auditing, the study is able to collect as much patients' data as possible revealing the website can be subject to vulnerable attacks. One of the vulnerabilities identified is that the website UL starts from HTTP showing that an attacker can easily break into the website and collect sensitive information. Moreover, all the data in the website are not encrypted making them easy for an attacker to collect patients' data.

By consequence, the FX Hospital can face lawsuits for failing to protect patients' data because if patients'…

Already educated, she had the resources to -- and indeed did find - employment opportunities. Sociologically, she belonged in the lower middle classes. Both individuals had intelligence, courage and grits. But both also possessed existent privileges with which they could pull themselves up. Critics of the work-it-hard perspective omit these facts. Perhaps they do so because focusing on the ordeals of the working class would suck us in a web of responsibility.
The unfortunate fact is that individuals belonging to the working class castigate themselves unfairly for conditions that are beyond their control.

An example in Newman's book is illustrated by 'Jarvis' who, despite his experience, unable to find a job in a restaurant is still seeking employment. Yet 'Jarvis' still holds himself accountable for his lack of success "Some people are willing to try hard and therefore they can make it, regardless if the deck is stacked against them…

Aging and Social Policy
rends in Aging Social Policy

he Rise of the Contenders

he number of citizens above the age of 65 has expanded dramatically over the past 100 years. In 1900, the average life expectancy was just 47.3 years, but a child born in 2008 can expect to live another 30.8 years on average. From an economic perspective, the seniors alive 100 years ago were largely dependent on others for their survival and this realization triggered policy changes that provided many advantages, including a security net for retirees.

After World War II, the economy became robust enough that the aged began to experience a longer life expectancy and greater economic wealth. his resulted in the emergence of a politically powerful demographic that could begin to influence public policy on its own. his process has been viewed as cyclical, in that public policies strengthened a specific demographic and the…

" (Muntenu, 2004)
According to Muntenu (2004) "It is almost impossible for a security analyst with only technical background to quantify security risk for intangible assets. He can perform a quantitative or qualitative evaluation using dedicated software to improve the security of the information systems, but not a complete risk assessment for the whole information system. Qualitative assessment based on questionnaires use in fact statistical quantitative methods to obtain results. Statistical estimation represents the basis for quantitative models." Muntenu states conclusion that in each of these approaches the "moral hazard of the analyst has influence on the results because human nature is subjective. He must use a sliding window approach according to business and information systems features, balancing from qualitative to quantitative assessment." (2004) qualitative study of information systems security is reported in a study conducted in U.S. academic institutions in the work of Steffani a. urd, Principal Investigator for…

Tracking normal activity patterns of users is essential to enable abnormal activity to be flagged. Also, unintentional user errors such as logging onto unsecure websites and opening up potentially infected documents must be flagged. Sending an email from an odd-looking address and seeing if employees open the email is one way to gage the relative wariness of employees. If employees open up the email, it staff can include a message warning them that this is just the kind of message employees should delete.
Creating 'backdoor' threats and viruses to attack a system, and see if it is vulnerable is one potential 'fire drill' that can be used by the organization to assess potential areas that can be compromised. General assessments of the knowledge of non-it and it staff of proper security procedures and the areas which can pose new threats are also essential.

Simple systematic procedures, such as requiring employees…

Despite its clear benefits and advantages in terms of ease of use and cost effectiveness, there are certain risks associated with wireless networking. These risks are discussed further below.

Review of the Literature.

Security Risks Associated with IEEE WLAN 802.11. The applications for wireless communication technology continue to develop and expand; today, at least, the 802.11b is the standard of choice for wireless router communication used with network installation (Gonazles & Higby 2003). "The integrity of the transmitted data is a valid 2.4 GHz. At this wavelength medium, the propagation of wavelength maintains strong connectivity" (Gonzales & Higby 2003, p. 30). The technology of WLANs actually dates back to the mid-1980s; during this period, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) freed up radio frequency (rf) to the industry. "Initially, this was viewed as a broadcast reception procedure and very little thought went to broadcast transmission" (Gonzales & Higby 2003, p. 30).…

Internet: Security on the Web
Security on the Web -- What are the Key Issues for Major Banks?

The age of digital technology -- email, Web-driven high-speed communication and information, online commerce, and more -- has been in place now for several years, and has been touted as a "revolutionary" technological breakthrough, and for good reason: This technology presents enormous new business opportunities. For example, by moving the key element of marketing and sales from local and regional strategies onto the global stage, and by providing dramatically improved customer convenience, the Web offers medium, small and large companies -- including banks -- unlimited growth potential.

That having been said, there are problems associated with online services, in particular online banking services, and security is at the top of the list of these issues. Some of the most serious security issues associated with Web-banking keep customers away from this technology, in…

Security
The first 10 years the 21st century began a seemingly new age of terror and fear where heightened alert statuses and preventive measures can be seen as taken to extremes. The macrocosmic status of the global affairs which are often riddled with warfare, strife and suspicion can be examined at the microcosmic level within the information security and data protection industry. The purpose of this essay is to examine these questions: "How should we decide how secure we want our information to be? And who should be responsible to make these decisions? I'll answer these questions using ideas connecting the rationality of fear and security. Next I'll examine how materialism has distracted technology from its true essence, to help mankind. Lastly I will offer solutions to hopefully eliminate confusing and overbearing problems that humanity's quest for security can both effectively and efficiently have serious impact on that condition.

Fear…

Colic's (2005) argument is that there is a very strong correlation between porr housing and an individual's physical ill health. He goes further to point out that six out of every ten homeless individuals do suffer from a certain form of mental distress. About 20% of this lot have severe mental illness. In a nutshell, social exclusion gives rise to a direct form of social and economic consequences that include poor housing and limited financial resources.
Dunn (1999) studied the link between social exclusion and mental health. His concluded that the correlation was rather strong and was in congruence with what other authors have documented. It has been acknowledged that unemployment affects persons who have long-term mental disorders in a way that is far greater as compared to the other persons with disability. A total of only 13% are employed as opposed to the more than a third of individuals…

Health-Care Data at Euclid Hospital Security and Control: A White Paper
Protecting Health-Care Data

The efficiency of the modern healthcare system is increasingly becoming reliant on a computerized infrastructure. Open distributed information systems have been initiated to bring professionals together on a common platform throughout the world. It needs to be understood that easy and flexible methods of processing and communication of images; sound and texts will help in visualizing and thereby cure illnesses and diseases effectively. Another aspect is that the easy access and usage can risk patient privacy, accountability, and secrecy associated with the healthcare profession. Therefore, Information Technology -- IT must be able to focus mainly on improving the health of the patient and should not put the patient's health in danger. (IO Press)

This implies that right data has to be made available to the right person at the right time. IT strongly affects the confidentiality…

Security at workplaces is not only the responsibility of the management, but all the parties in the premises. Therefore, it is important that everyone is involved one way or another in maintenance of security. In a company the size of Walter Widget, with 240 personnel, it can be challenging to maintain high security standards.
With the increasing nationwide crime against workplaces and businesses, the stakes in workplace security are high. Walter Widget must be concerned about theft of any kind including trade secrets, computer information and other resources. The firm needs to take necessary steps to prevent other security risks such as arson, vandalism and workplace violence.

Workplace crime affects production. According to Bressler (2007) businesses are prone to a wide variety of crimes and need to take action in prevention of criminal activities that influence profitability. Workplace crime affects the employees, because it results insecurity at work. Safety at…

Social Engineering Attacks Counter Intelligence
Social Engineering Counter Intelligence

Describe what social engineering and counterintelligence are and their potential implications to our national security in regard to the leaked Afghan War Diary and the Iraq War Logs.

Social engineering is the theft of classified information. Then, using it to change everyone's opinions and perceptions about what is happening. Counter intelligence is preventing hostile enemies or organizations from obtaining access to sensitive material. These areas are viewed from two different perspectives. The first one is that of more liberal attitudes. They believe that any kind of secret files, are allowing the U.S. government to hide the truth. This is when it has no accountability for engaging in different actions. These voices, feel any kind of disclosures of classified information, is critical to understanding the larger issues and letting the public (i.e. world) know what they are up to. (Mulrine, 2013) (Harding,…

(Gartenberg, 2005)
Like all other aspects of business today, security systems often prove to be highly complex and hard (even for the participants) to identify.

The culture of an organization is like the culture of a family, a community, or a nation: Because it surrounds the people in it they often have a great deal of difficulty in recognizing to what extent policies and procedures arise from the constraints of culture and what therefore can be relatively easily changed. Matz (2010) summarizes the ways in which organizational culture both supports an organization and can blind the individuals in it to ways in which their actions may no longer be as effective as they once were:

… the essence of organisational cultures consists of a set of 'unspoken rules' that exist without conscious knowledge of the members of the organisation. Over time the invisibility of the attributes at the deepest level…

Social Enterprise
What is meant by the term 'social enterprise' and what do social enterprises contribute to society and the economies in which they operate?

The acceleration with which the world is changing day by day is continuous. A majority of organizations that have a motto of 'not-for-profit' are looking out for prospects with the help of which they can begin or widen their projects in order to get their missions fulfilled and offer the needy the earned profits. Thus, any organization or scheme that brings about the mentioned twofold objectives is considered a social enterprise. Social enterprises sell mission-related goods or services and by doing so they try to create a more impartial and fair environment through specific market-based strategies (Bornstein & Davis 2010).

In other words, a business is regarded as a social enterprise when the main objective is to cope up with the prevailing societal problems and…