These controls can include having a standardized procedure for the preparation of the forecast budget or through the application of budgetary slack. The lower the slack management allows in the forecast budget, the greater the lower the variance that can be expected, in particular when the manager making the forecast has reputation at stake on the variance (Ibid). Reputation is an external driver, while ethics are an internal driver

Control function, may it be management or accounting, plays the same key role. It is, in many ways, a two-way process. First of all, a top-bottom control flow, where the upper management or higher authorities oversee a certain process, but it is also a bottom-top process, as is the case when the feedback and follow-up actions come from the lower levels. In the case of the expenditure process, the top-down circuit

Finance Flexible Budget for Yum Brands Inc. Flexible budgeting allows a firm to look at different potential scenarios, often this may be undertaken for an optimistic, pessimistic and most likely scenario. Firms will often undertake forecasting exercises; these may be based on complex approaches to assess likely demand, for example, considering past patterns of sales, the impact advertising they will have and other factors such as the influence of the economic climate,

Marketing in Healthcare Catholic Healthcare West Catholic Healthcare West (CHW) is a not-for-profit healthcare organization serving parts of Arizona, Nevada and the majority of California. With 42 hospitals it is the largest Catholic hospital system in this part of the United States. The organization focuses its services upon the poor, who cannot afford private hospital services. Regardless, the aim is also to provide high-quality healthcare to those in need. The target market