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This particular structure was originally constructed for ecclesiastical purposes, as it was created as a church in 532 Anno Domini. The religious institution was commissioned by Emperor Justinian, who sought the services of a pair of salient architects known as Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, the latter of which lived from 474 to 534 A.D. These Greek architects already had a considerable reputation for their work on other noted architecture of the time, and had substantial amounts o experience in civil engineering to earn them recognition as "Distinguished mathematical physicists" (Freely and Cakmak, 94). It would be Isidore, however, who would see the construction of the church...
This original religious temple, which was consumed in a conflagration in 404 A.D., was called Hagia Irene (which translates to Holy Peace) and was constructed as a Constantinian place of worship -- meaning it was highly influential as a structure which denoted Christian faith. Very little is known regarding the appearance of Hagia Irene, as the following quotation from Mainstone readily indicates.
66). St. Justinus' was influenced by St. Caster at Coblenz and churches Michaelstadt and Seligenstadt (Fegusson & Spiers p. 220). The columns and roofs are of cultural interest and the massive Gothic choir and its original seating still exist. 3.4. Significances St. Justinus' has undergone changes over the years. In 1298 the relics of St. Justinus' were transferred to the mother church St. Margaret who in turn dedicated the church. In
The study of physics, optics and biology of the eye contributed to the development of the quadrant and sextant. The Islamic world also created the concept of a library. The Crusades of the eleventh century brought the learning of the Islamic world to Europe unfortunately this information was acquired by the act of war. The Crusades also increased the flow of trade, bringing new spices, gemstones and foods to Europe.
In the book, Project management: strategic design and implementation, David I. Cleland and Lewis R. Ireland report "a review of the results of projects in antiquity reveals evidence about how several historical projects originated and developed" (p. 4). 1. The first of this type of evidence, known as artifacts, typically came from human workmanship. These could have been structures, tools, weapons, or items of substance of archeological or historical interest.
Between 1225 and 1250 C.E., Notre Dame was extensively modified when the chapels were built into spaces between the buttresses and the transept arms were lengthened. Of course, it is Notre Dame's facade which draws the most attention, due to its verticality which makes Notre Dame one of the most satisfying and memorable structures in Gothic architecture. In conclusion, the talented men who designed these churches and cathedrals which always
Traveling Project Time Traveling Byzantine Architecture -- the Hagia Sophia In all my travels, no structure can bring about as much awe and respect as that of the Byzantine Hagia Sophia, an immense temple that merges East and West in a conglomeration of buttresses and minarets. Looking back at its 1,500-year history, I can only imagine the changes that the structure has undergone through those eras, from its Byzantine origins to its
A more definitive explanation is; "... A proposed explanation for a phenomenon." (Scientific Reference) a hypothesis should be able to be tested and functions as a directive for further research. In my research study for example, the hypothesis that was explored was that certain circumstances in different historical periods affect the development of the areas of expertise and their application to project activities. These circumstances include social and cultural movements;