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Crime Intelligence Analysis:
To Apprehend And Prevent Violent Crimes And Criminals
Corrections/Police -- Intelligence
Criminal Intelligence Analysis is used to handle all kinds of violent crimes happening in the world. Organized violent crimes include corruption (bribery), extortion, alcohol and tobacco smuggling, counterfeiting, arms trafficking, drug trafficking, fraud, loan sharking, gambling (bookmaking and numbers), smuggling of humans, prostitution and pornography, murder and terrorism. This white paper discusses how crime intelligence analysis can be used effectively to apprehend violent criminals and to prevent violent crimes.
Crime Intelligence Analysis is defined by Dr. Rachel Boba in Problem Analysis in Policing, 2003, "conducted within the police agency [and] in which formal criminal justice theory, research methods, and comprehensive data collection and analysis procedures are used in a systematic way to conduct in-depth examination of, develop informed responses to, and evaluate crime and disorder problems" 1.
The organized criminal offenders belong to a low income background and live in the high crime areas of the city. In the 1940s, intelligence analysis was developed in law enforcement. This was done to tackle organized crimes. A good example of this is Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO). I was a very large local law enforcement agency. Initially the traditional Law Enforcement tried a few things that include informants, community policing, surveillance, immunity and undercover operations against the crimes. The possible law enforcement objectives examined are regulation, des-criminalization, reduction of profitability, harassment, undercover and informants. The law enforcement often uses two terms: core and linear. The Law enforcement analysts depend on their agency's vision, on the received training and skills, their access to the information and on the set objectives. To control violent crimes, the law enforcement analysts are divided in to the following analytical tasks and then they receive the training accordingly. Frequency Analysis, Spatial Analysis, Temporal Analysis, Modus Operandi Analysis, Suspect/Victim Analysis, Communication Analysis and Financial Analysis are the further analytical task divisions...
A crime analyst notices the existing pattern of crimes. The individual behavior is indicated through the commitment of the crime; there exists a series, always. The pieces of information are turned in to a big case story. The crime analyst makes a prediction regarding the place and time a serial criminal will next offend. Based on the accurate prediction of the analyst the offender is apprehended. Through visualization of data and appropriate analysis an investigation is supported by the intelligent analyst. Intelligence-Led-Policing is performed. The crime analyst used COMPSTAT; it employs technical products such as crime mapping, frequency charts and other graphical and statistical data. Later the Community Policing and Policy-Oriented Policing are used. These two require higher levels of research; demographic analysis and the nature of problem are discussed.
Herman Goldstein wrote in Problem-Oriented Policing, 1990, "in a police agency in which individual officers may not know what has occurred outside the areas in which they work or during periods when they are not on duty, crime analysis has been the primary means for pooling information that may help solve crimes" 2. Criminal Intelligence Analysis covers all the violent crimes such as serial murders, issues of prostitution and pornography, terrorism effects, gambling and gang intelligence. The law enforcement resources are used to disrupt the terrorists. The focus in law enforcement work has now changed; it is more about prevention rather than apprehension and prosecution of violent crimes. Violent crimes can be researched through Appreciative Inquiry (AI). It is a paradigm for any organizational development.
Deborah Osborne wrote in Out of Bounds, 2006, "there is a greatly increased understanding that intelligence analysts do not approach their tasks with empty minds. They start with a set of assumptions about how events normally transpire in area for which they are responsible. This changed view is becoming conventional wisdom" 4. Appreciative Inquiry is about co evolutionary search of best analysts in organizations. It is the practice and art of…
References
Boba, R. Problem Analysis in Policing. Washington, DC: Police Foundation, 2003.
Goldstein, H. Problem-Oriented Policing. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.
National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations (NAGIA). National Gang Threat Assessment. Scribd. http://www.scribd.com/doc/82294288/National-Gang-Threat-Assessment-2005 (accessed June 3, 2012).
Osborne, D. Out of Bounds: Innovation and Change in Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysis. Washington DC: JMIC Press, 2006.
" (Business Wire, 2007) Ms. Osborne states: "The potential of IxReveal is clear to me," Osborne stated, as "it will transform the capacity of law enforcement and homeland security agencies to more effectively analyze data and promote collaboration with fewer security risks." IxReveal "will be the mining tool that turns data into gold," she added, "by generating relevant insights and collaboration, rather than simply creating more work." (Business Wire, 2007)
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