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Third-Generation Gangs As Criminal Gangs Essay

This is especially true in areas where the legitimate authorities are weak or plagued by corruption. It can result in the decreased ability of the government to maintain necessary functions, services, and goods to the public. 3. Acting as surrogate governments -- Transnational maras can completely supplant the legitimate authorities in some regions. In those situations, they establish their own local rules and extort taxes and protection money from the local population.

4. Dominating black market business -- Transnational maras can take over the economic sector by establishing their own businesses, in which case they compete unfairly with legitimate businesses by intimidating them and because they do not have to pay taxes or comply with any of the other restrictions and legal requirements that legitimate businesses must respect.

5. Infiltrating public sector and private sector organizations -- Transnational maras can infiltrate private sector and public sector organizations and even local law enforcement authorities. Once established, they can use their positions and influence to establish political power and achieve...

How do 3rd Generation Gangs differ from the more traditional 2nd Generation Gangs in terms of their relationship with the state government and with regard to lawless zones?
Generally, second generation gangs maintain an antagonistic relationship with state governments. More specifically, second generation gangs maintain criminal enterprises that are continually subject to criminal enforcement efforts by the state through its police authorities. Second generation gangs can maintain control only over areas that are "failed" in the traditional societal sense. However, third generation gangs no longer fear the state authorities. Instead, they seek to infiltrate legitimate established elements of government and to become active in influencing political decisions through the traditional means. Ultimately, they can achieve a situation in which they control the community side by side with official authorities. They expand their control over all areas not under the direct control of legitimate authorities that have resisted their influence.

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