There is also the element of continual learning, both at work and school to interpret and when applicable, use the lessons learned. Expectancy theory also is well-suited for accounting for environmental factors that can at times be uncontrollable yet capitalized on, leading to the attainment of objectives in the future. Finally, expectancy theory also concentrates on how the concepts of valence, or strength of a person's preference for a given outcome, when combined with instrumentality and expectancy, can accurately predict the attainment of objectives over time. The concept of linking effort and results is appealing.
6. What are the common characteristics of charismatic and transformational leadership? Compare Colin Powell and Osama bin Laden as charismatic or transformational leaders. Would your answer differ if you were sympathetic to their cause?
A transformational and charismatic leader share the same attributes of being able to motivate followers to change the status quo by inspiring followers with a compelling vision of what is possible through sacrifice and effort. Specifically concentrating on communicating a vision of what the future could be through shared effort and sacrifice, including passionate commitment to a set of goals, exceptional rhetorical skills, the ability to create and sustain trust through their...
At the center of these two valued traits in leaders, transformational and charismatic leaders also have the ability to bring out the best of their subordinates and followers, developing them into exceptional acts on their own right. In assessing the transformational nature of Colin Powell vs. Osama Bin Laden, each has shown remarkable ability to be charismatic in their vision of the strengthening of the U.S.A. On the one, and the destroying of it in the other. Colin Powell is also a highly transformational leader as evidenced by his managing of the UN during the early years of the Bush Administration in addition to his now-legendary leadership during the Gulf War. Osama bin Laden's comparable legacy as the mastermind of the terrorist attacks on the U.S. In 2001 also have elevated him in those nations that have a hatred for the U.S. To a cult leader as well. Each of these men are exceptional in their own right in communicating transformation leadership, each has a vision, one of building up, the other of destroying. Sympathy and identification with their causes would require trust and continued belief in their values, and as Colin Powell stands for saving lives, I could more readily identify with him and his vision.
